Rules for growing orchids Dendrobium

Orchid Dendrobium belongs to the genus of the orchid family, plants differ in the shape and variety of flowers, the characteristics of growth and development. After studying the rules of care, transplantation and reproduction for the Dendrobium orchid, you can grow a beautiful flower at home.

Rules for growing orchids Dendrobium

Variety description

Dendrobium (Dendrobium) unpretentious variety, suitable for growing at home. The name Dendrobium in translation means that it grows on a tree. Dendrobium has about 1200 varieties that have their own characteristics. The root system of the plant is represented by a rhizome, which is an shoot combining pseudobulbs.

Dendrobium orchids grow at home from 40 to 90 cm in height, cylindrical pseudobulbs are located on the stem, lanceolate leaves are 5-10 cm.Peduncles grow with 1-4 flowers. In nature, the colors of Dendrobium orchids are different: white, yellow, orange, lilac and others. The birthplace of the flower is Australia, countries of the south of Asia, New Zealand.

Orchid species

Indoor varieties of the Dendrobium Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium Noble variety (Royal Blue, Black beautiful, are suitable for growing a house , Noble white).

Flowers of the Dendrobium variety Noble and Bukeshotsvesveny grow and usually do not drop foliage, but this happens only in some cases.

Other types of Dendrobium orchids are common in a moderate warm zone: Nestor, Polar Fire, Mini, Starclass, Compactum, Sena Red, Paris a, Moniliform.

Dendrobium Pierre

Variety Pierre represents a family of orchids, takes off leaves before flowering. This species belongs to a moderately cold temperature zone. During the leafless phase of the orchid, abandoned plants, at the end of the dormant phase, leaves appear on them.

King dendrobium

King dendrobium (Kingianum), the rocky orchid has cylindrical stems, covered with white scales grow up to 25-30 cm. The length of Kingi leaves is 10 cm, width – 2-3 cm, they are large and thin. On the upper peduncle, 5-7 flowers grow, their colors are white, with a pink tint, purple. Inflorescences consist of 2-9 flowers, with a diameter of up to 1 cm. In spring, when sprouts appear, watering and fertilizing, during dormancy, stop irrigation.

Dendrobium berry

Berry ode – a bushy form of the hybrid, blooms from late spring to winter. The flowers are obtained in different shades: from white to dark crimson. It grows up to 30 cm, up to 9 flowers appear on inflorescences.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis

The second name of the plant is Dendrobium bicorn (Bigigum). The leaves of the plant are dense, hard, the pseudobulb grows to 60 cm. The flowering time of the Dendrobium Phalaenopsis is 3-4 months. Phalaenopsis is a plant that loves warmth, good lighting and humidity of 50%. When the buds of the pseudobulb are awakened, a new shoot is formed.

Dendrobium Stardust

Stardust has a thin and long pseudobulb: up to 50 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide. Lanceolate leaves, flowers are pale yellow or red-orange with dark veins, up to 6 cm in diameter.

Dendrobium Aggregate

Dendrobium Aggregated (Aggregate, Lindley) – it turns out to grow pseudobulbs up to 7 cm in length, have yellowish, furrow stains. Single leaf up to 6 cm long, dark green. The inflorescence has 5-15 flowers of golden or yellow color with orange lines. Flowers are fragrant up to 4 cm in diameter, smell of honey. The coarse leaves of pale green grow up to 10 cm in length.

Farmeri Dendrobium

Farmeri variety blooms in spring

Farmeri grows up to 30-45 cm, pseudobulbs are upright.The length of the leaves reaches 8-15 cm, grow at the top of the bulb for 2-4 units. Peduncle hanging down to 20-30 cm in length, several peduncles can be produced simultaneously. Inflorescences consist of 14-35 flowers with a diameter of up to 5 cm. Flowering period is spring.

Apollo

Apollo is a hybrid with dense pseudobulbs and green leaves. Several flowers with a pleasant smell ripen on peduncles.

Hibiki

Hibiki has beautiful pink flowers of small sizes with an orange throat. Flowers are located along the pseudobulb, along its entire length. The height of the bulb is 12 cm.

Harveyanum

Harveyanum needs to be grown in light, air and permeable soil for orchids, height from 15 to 23 cm, flowering time – from mid-January to December .

Emma, ​​Sonya

Emma, ​​Sonya are 30-60 cm high, there are white, pink and gold colors.

Nobile, Akatsuki

Varieties of Nobile (Mobile, nobile), Nobi and Akatsuki have a lilac color and a light lip, the flower grows up to 4 cm. The aroma of Dendrobium Nobi, Nobile, Akatsuki is weak floral, saturated in the morning in a sunny place. Plants contain 3-4 pseudobulbs, covered with flowers.

Papilio

According to the description, the flower dendrobium Papilios grows from 30 to 45 cm, the soil is light, water- and breathable for orchids, blooms from January to December. Pseudobulbs are 30-45 cm long, leaves are 4-5 cm long, a flower is 4-7 cm in diameter.

Nobile Irene Smile

Nobile Irene Smile (Dendrobium Nobi, Nobile, Nobilis, Nobile, Star Klass Lilak) – white room hybrids, flowering time about 12 weeks, growth 50 cm, have fleshy pseudobulb stems and green leaves. Adolescent plants are used in Chinese medicine to strengthen immunity and relieve physical fatigue, drugs are available in capsules.

Lodigeza

Loddeza has a color from pink to purple, height 10-20 cm, pseudobulbs 8- 15 cm long. 1 flower grows on a peduncle. The plant will bloom from February to June with a peak in April. In nature, there are cases when Loddizea does not bloom, it should be forced to form buds and buds.

Growing

To grow a plant at home is easy

Feng Shui supports the cultivation of orchids at home, based on it, the plants are female flowers . It is easy to grow dendrobium at home under special conditions and requirements.

Temperature

Dendrobium is heat-loving, in winter the temperature is 15-20 ° C during the day, 6-12 ° C at night. .

In summer, for the dendrobium orchid, the temperature in the daytime is 18-25 ° C, at night 14–20 ° C.

The temperature during dormancy in winter at night is 15-18 ° C, in the daytime 20-25 ° C.

Lighting

The east and west sides of the house will fit, darkening will be required on the south window.

Watering

In spring and summer, water well during growth, the soil should be moist. In winter, watering the orchid is required less often, the dry content is observed.

Care

Studying the rules of transplanting, choosing a pot, substrate, watering will help you figure out how to properly care for the Dendrobium orchid.

Transplantation

Transplantation of Dendrobium orchids is carried out every 3 years, provided:

• compaction or decomposition of the substrate;
• the container is filled with roots;
• acidification or salinization of the substrate from irrigation;
• rotting of the roots;
• after buying the orchid is transplanted.

It is worth replanting the plants to transplant This is because the roots of the orchids are fragile.

Pot for transplanting

For transplanting, opaque pots are selected. It will be possible to transplant the orchid subject to the following rules:

• the orchid is aged in succinic acid solution for 10-15 minutes (the tablet is dissolved in 1 liter of warm water);
• the roots are filled with moisture and change greenish-milk color;
• after they are dried for 30 minutes and placed on a substrate in a pot;
• pseudobulbs are placed closer to the edge;
• the root remains on top neck;
• if the roots are evenly spaced, the gaps are covered with bark.

Watering

Water the Dendrobium after 3-14 days, it depends on the size of the roots and wound healing from damage received during transplantation.

Substrate for dendrobium

The bark must be sanitized before use

Caring for Dendrobium involves the selection of substrate during planting. The main components are:

• medium sized pine bark;
• charcoal;
• crushed polystyrene;
• pebbles;
• broken brick.

Before use, the substrate is disinfected, spilled with boiling water and dried.

Consequences of improper care

Cause of occurrence The problem is improper care, they will need resuscitation.

Root rot

Damage to the root system occurs due to improper care:

• excess moisture in the substrate;
• overfeeding with fertilizers;
• caked substrate;
• lack of watering;
• overheating of the plant.

If the orchid is in the pot tightly, the roots are fine, if they are brown in color, hollow, slimy, it is worth tackling the problem. The flower is pulled out of the pot, roots with damage or decay should be trimmed. Then they are sprayed with a solution of phytosporin, the ground part is also subject to processing. Orchid should be planted in a new soil after the moisture has dried.

The trunk rots

The trunk begins to rot from bottom to top. This happens due to the development of root rot. If signs of the disease are detected, phytosporin treatment and transplantation into a new soil are used.

Dendrobium withers

Due to improper care of the orchid, Dendrobium leaves wither and turn yellow, they become lethargic and fall off. The main reasons:

• attack by spider mites;
• the leaves begin to rot due to waterlogging;
• tissues atrophy when there is a lack of moisture;
• root damage often occurs.

If the orchid leaves become soft and like a rag, they are cut and treated with fungicide, and watering is stopped until the soil dries to 2/3 of the capacity.

Cracking

Cracks begin to appear in the following cases:

• if the plant fell, the leaf is bent, mechanical damage begins to appear;
• excess full-time amount of nitrogen – to save the roots taken out of the substrate, you need new land for transplantation, are fed with potash and phosphorus fertilizers for 3 months, restoration will last a year;
• temperature difference, hypothermia after watering;
• Irregularities in watering lead to leaf damage.

Leaves turn yellow

Errors in watering can lead to yellowing of leaves

Causes of yellowing:

• flower ages;
• is affected by diseases and pests;
• a chemical burn of fertilizers or growth stimulants appeared on the stem or other parts of the plant;
• stresses: relocation, lack of lighting, humidity, poor air temperature, irrigation errors.

If the leaves of the plant turn yellow, steps are taken to lay it down education and rehabilitation.

Loss of buds and flowers

Reasons for dropping buds:

• habitat change;
• lack of lighting;
• overheating;
• erroneous watering;
• hypothermia.

Orchid planting should not be next to the fruit, they emit ethylene, affecting the aging of flowers and buds.

Sticky drops

Sticky drops can appear on leaves, bulbs and young shoots. The reasons for their occurrence: the attraction of insects, protection against external factors, excess fertilizer, irrigation errors and the presence of pests.

Orchid propagation

Dendrobium is propagated by children, cuttings and with division of the bush.

Reproduction by children

A baby is a small process with buds of roots.

Separate and put the baby out:

• if the baby has grown to 5 cm, she is cut;
• the roots are nourished with moisture;
• in the half-filled pot is placed by the baby;
• the substrate is added and compacted;
• the growth point remains on top.

The seedling is fixed with a support, the conditions of the greenhouse are not are needed. It is required to spray the top layer of the substrate between irrigations. Closer to autumn, children with roots grow on stems, they should be separated and planted in new pots.

Propagation by seeds

Propagation by seeds has its own characteristics. Seeds are sown on a nutrient medium in special flasks, grown under laboratory conditions.

Division of the bush

How to divide the bush:

• pseudobulbs are separated from parent plant;
• cuts are made into cuttings with 2-3 knots, 10 cm long;
• planting is carried out on a moist sphagnum, in an area closed in a zip bag or in a greenhouse.

The temperature is maintained at a level of 20-25 ° C, ventilation and watering of the planted are required. After 2-3 weeks, the plant takes root on the cuttings, then they should be planted in pots with a substrate.

Cutting at home

Propagation by cuttings is not difficult

Cuttings are a method of propagation of the dendrobium, while pruning the apical part of the shoot is done or the shoot is divided into parts 10-12 cm long. The cuttings are aged in a root solution for 24 hours, then root in a sterile container, water is added to the bottom of the container. After a few months, the plants will have a developed root system, they are ready for planting.

Reproduction of Dendrobium by cuttings at home is a simple way. It will not be quick to root the cuttings, the process will take about six months, this is the negative side of the propagation method.

Another method

Another way to reproduce the plant is to cut the flowering stems of the plant into ground level. After they are laid horizontally on wet sand and kept moist for several months.

Diseases

Proper care of orchids is of great importance for them, thanks to him the plants

Fungal infections

For the treatment of fungal infections, the plant is treated with fungicide Ridomil Gold.

There are infections:

1. Phyllosticosis – yellow spots appear, darken, leaves dry and rot.
2. Fusarium spotting harms leaves, pseudobulbs, flowers, buds. The causative agent of the disease penetrates into the orchid through damaged leaves, roots. Dendrobium is not completely cured; it is isolated from flowers, sheared and disinfected. In spring or summer, the flower is transplanted into a new soil and pot.
3. Gray rot is manifested by small watery spots on the flowers and buds, provoked by a fungus of the genus Botryties.
4. Cercospore infection occurs from a yellow spot on the leaf below , after spreading to its upper part. Spots cover the entire leaf, as a result, it falls off the plant.
5. Botritis – gray spots appear on the leaves and pseudobulbs. The disease occurs due to increased humidity, poor ventilation, excess nitrogen, and poor lighting. The diseased orchid is removed from the plants and treated with fungicide.

Bacterial rot

Bacterial rot is treated with copper-based fungicide, copper sulfate is suitable for treatments . Parts with damage are cut off and removed, the remaining parts must be treated with fungicide 2-3 times with a frequency of 10 days.

Bacterial decay appears as brown spots, less often watery with a yellowish color. The plant will be revived by spraying it and around it with a fungicide before and after wet weather. After identifying the disease, the infected area is excised and treated with a fugicide.

Pseudomonase will be treated by destroying bacteria and eliminating their localization in the environment, where they can be preserved and infect the plant. The infection on the leaves is treated with hydrogen peroxide.

The surfaces must be treated with chlorine, it is important to treat plants in the neighborhood, as the disease develops quickly.

Viral diseases

Viral diseases develop slowly and cannot be treated. They appear in the form of spots, the leaves deteriorate gradually and die off. There is no way to save the plant, therefore, other plants throw it away and save it, the room is subject to wet cleaning with disinfection.

Pests

Pests are dangerous:

• spider mite;
• aphids;
• thrips;
• scutellum;
• mealybug.

They harm the foliage and flowers of the orchid, the plant dies. Upon detection, it is necessary to begin treatment of the plant.

Pest control

Insecticides will help to combat pests: Fitoverm, Biotlin, Vermitek, Aktara, Sanmayt and others. The humidity around the plant is also regulated, the leaves are washed every 2 weeks with soap and water.

To prevent and protect orchids from pests, ventilate the premises and prevent drafts.

Conclusion

Dendrobium orchid is distinguished by a variety of species and the ability to propagate it at home. With proper care, you can grow a beautiful plant.