Rules for planting lettuce in the Urals

Planting pepper on Ural is a rather troublesome task. In a harsh climate, a thermophilic plant requires special attention. We will explain in detail how to correctly land in the article.

Rules for planting lettuce in the Urals

Growing rules

To grow pepper in the Urals, you must follow the basic rules of agricultural technology:

1. For sowing sweet pepper in the Urals, it is better to choose early-ripening or mid-ripening hybrids. This is due to the fact that such varieties are cold resistant. The process of ovary formation on hybrid varieties is more intense.
2. Grown by seedling method.
3. Strictly observe the timing of planting pepper on seedlings in the Urals.
4. Ready seedlings must be planted in a greenhouse. This will help to provide comfortable conditions for the plant’s vegetation in any weather conditions.
5. Cultivate the culture with growth and development stimulants.

We grow seedlings

Plant fragrant pepper in the Urals begins with the cultivation of healthy seedlings. The timing of sowing seeds depends on which varieties are selected for planting. The growing season lasts more than 100 days. It is recommended to start sowing pepper for seedlings in the Urals in the second half of February.

Preparing seeds

Agronomists recommend only hybrid varieties to sow pepper for seedlings in the Urals. From early cultures plant:

• Winnie the Pooh;
• Montero;
• One;
• Amber;
• Agapovsky;
• Dobrynya Niktich;
• Kolobok;
• Vityaz.

From mid-season gardeners recommend planting:

• Atlas;
• Athlete;
• Alyosha Popovich;
• Player.

Such species do not require processing for the purpose of disinfection. Before sowing, it is better to soak the selected seeds in growth stimulants. Mival Agro, Ecogel, Emistim have proven themselves quite well.This will increase the degree of germination and speed up the process of forming a healthy root system

Soil for seedlings

Loose pepper soil

Pepper does not like transplants. To reduce the stress from transplanting, plant pepper in seedlings in the Urals in light and loose soils.

Soil hydrogel must be added to the selected mixture for planting sweet pepper. So the plant will be protected from waterlogging or lack of moisture.

Temperature

During the entire period of seed germination, it is necessary to maintain a room temperature of 24 26 ° C. The first shoots will appear in 10-14 days.

If the thermometer is in the range from 20 to 24 ° C, then the shoots will appear no earlier than two weeks later.

If the room cannot be maintained the temperature is at the required level, it is better to make a mini-greenhouse.

The first shoots

After the appearance of the first sprouts, the temperature in the daytime is maintained at 24 ° C. The night temperature should be between 16 and 18 ° C.

Shoots require a large amount of light. Daylight hours should last from 12 to 14 hours. To do this, the room is equipped with additional daylight lamps.

Transplant

When three real leaves appeared on the shoots of pepper, the plants should be transplanted.For this, it is necessary to prepare separate containers for each sprout. You need to plant seedlings of pepper in fertile soil. You can treat it with hydrogel. Before such treatment, the hydrogel should be soaked in a solution of mineral fertilizers.

Watering

Pepper likes moisture. Water the seedlings with warm, settled water. Waterlogging should not be allowed. Watering is recommended if necessary.

Fertilizers

After transplanting seedlings, you need to start feeding the plant. The first fertilizer application is carried out 7-10 days after the pick. The interval between feeding should be one week.

For fertilizer during this period, it is best to use special complex preparations. They contain all the worlds and macronutrients. The composition of Kemira Lux received good reviews.

Hardening seedlings

The process of getting seedlings accustomed to natural growth conditions begins in the second half of March. Daily take containers with seedlings to a glazed loggia or a closed balcony.

Prepare warm beds

Grow on warm beds. For refueling, manure is used along with straw and foliage, tops and other organic matter.

The process of preparing beds in the greenhouse takes place in several stages:

1. The beds are covered with a transparent film.This will speed up the process of thawing the topsoil.
2. The collected organics are scattered in the beds and spilled abundantly with a hot urea solution. The solution is prepared at the rate of one tablespoon with a slide of dry fertilizer per 10 liters of water.
3. The beds are again covered with a film and left for several days.
4. On top of the organics, soil is enriched with mineral fertilizers and ash . The soil layer must be at least 10 cm.

Planting seedlings in the greenhouse

Transfer seedlings to the greenhouse begin in the last decade of May. Buds already exist on the sprouts at this time.

Sprouts should be watered abundantly. Then gently pull it out of the container and drop it into the prepared holes. It is not recommended to deepen the seedlings.

Planting scheme

When planting seedlings in a fixed place, the planting scheme should be followed:

1. Tall varieties are planted at a distance not less than 45 cm from each other. The distance between the rows is 70 cm.
2. Low-growing hybrids are planted at a distance of 35-40 cm, row spacing is 70 cm.

Internal shelters

In the Urals, the probability of frost remains until mid-June. Agronomists recommend the use of additional shelters inside the greenhouse.

To do this, install arcs and pull dense material. On warm sunny days, the covering film is removed, and returned to the place at night.

To completely remove additional shelter is possible only in the third decade of June.

Fertilizers

Perchik loves fertile soils. Fertilization during pepper transplantation in the Urals depends on the state of the soil.

To fertilize poor soils, use a mixture of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers.

For organics, use rotted compost. Of the finished preparations, you can use Kemira Lux.

Care for the bushes

Good and strong seedlings

Planting pepper for seedlings in the Urals is to create comfortable conditions for the growing season of the crop at any stage. Plant care should be organized taking into account the characteristics of the selected variety.

Fertilizing

Fertilizing helps increase the yield. Regular top dressing of the culture is carried out as follows:

1. Weekly root and foliar top dressing. The use of complex fertilizers is recommended. The use of drugs must be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
2. The use of nutrient mixtures with a lasting effect. Such fertilizers provide nutrients to the plant constantly.

Soil composition

Pepper does not like heavy and dense soils. This leads to a lack of air in the root system of the culture.

Ensure breathability to the soil due to loosening additives. You can use sawdust, hay, shredded tree bark.

Mulching will help in solving this problem. The root zone is covered with a layer of foliage, straw or a layer of humus.

Irrigation mode

Improper irrigation affects the plant:

• Lack of moisture leads to to falling ovaries;
• Excessive moisture provokes the development of diseases.

A slightly dried soil should serve as a signal for irrigation. Water the plants only at the root. For irrigation use water heated to a temperature of 33 35 ° C.

Pollination

Pollination is difficult in the Urals. To prevent the falling of ovaries, plants are treated with stimulators of fruit formation. In specialized stores they offer the preparation Bud.

It is not recommended to plant varieties of sweet and bitter pepper at the same time. This will result in crossbreeding of hybrids. The fruits will have a bittersweet taste.

Formation of bushes

Seedlings are susceptible to disease

The climatic conditions of the Urals do not allow harvesting on numerous shoots of the plant. The formation of bushes stimulates abundant fruiting.

Form the bushes as follows:

1. Secondary shoots are removed as they appear.
2. The number of upper stepchildren depends on the amount of light and the duration of the summer season. Under adverse conditions, the pepper is formed into three stems.
3. As the crop ripens, the shoots are removed.
4. The shoots are removed with signs of disease development.

Garter plants

Pepper is a rather fragile plant. Under the weight of the fruit, the sprouts can break. To prevent this, plants are tied.

Garter is carried out with twine under the first branch. Next, each shoot separately.

Under the fruits, which are located close to the ground, lay the planks. So they protect them from the development of rot.

Diseases and pests

Due to the climate, planting crops in the Urals are subject to tick and aphid invasion. Among the diseases, white and gray rot are dangerous for the plant.

Pests

Pest control begins at the first sign of the appearance of harmful neighbors.

1. In the period when there are no flowers and fruits yet, the plant is treated with insecticides. Among them, Actellik has proven himself well.
2. Pest control, which appeared in a later period, requires the use of more concentrated formulations. You can use Fitover.
3. The use of folk remedies does not produce tangible results.

Diseases

The seedlings are affected by fungal diseases .Signs of the development of diseases are wet spots on the leaves, fruits and at the base of the shoots.

To effectively combat diseases, preventive measures are taken:

1. Observe the rules of crop rotation. To do this, annually change the soil in greenhouses.
2. After harvesting, all residues are burned.
3. Collection of affected fruits is carried out separately. They are destroyed.
4. The greenhouses are regularly ventilated to prevent condensation.

Harvest

Pepper fruits ready for use at the stage of technical maturity. During this period, peppercorns are green.

Gardeners do not allow full ripening of fruits on the bushes. During the ripening period, new ovaries do not appear on the bushes. The yield will be scarce.

Harvested technically mature fruits will reach their biological maturity within a week. To do this, peppers are placed in a dark room and maintain a temperature of at least 20 ° C. If the temperature is lower, the fruits will ripen in a month.

Subtleties

Harvesting is carried out according to the following rules:

1. The fruits are harvested dry. Morning dew can cause pepper to rot during storage.
2. Do not break or try to tear the fruit from the bush. This will damage the plant. Pepper needs to be cut.