Processing onions before planting – This is a very important stage, which helps protect the vegetable from harmful organisms, diseases, and also improve germination. Most gardeners and producer farmers ignore this item, and as a result a certain part of the crop is lost.
- Tasks and basic processing methods
- Steaming and sorting
- Preventive measures against the development of diseases
- Methods of growth stimulation
- How is the preparation soil
- Choosing a place to grow
- How to fertilize the soil
- Conclusion
Processing onions before planting
Today there are many ways that you can process the garden bed and this In Vienna, each of them has its own purpose. As an option, some prevent the process of early rotting, the second does not allow the bulbs to shoot arrows, the third is great as a pest guard. If the gardener makes every effort in the spring, he will be able to get the desired result in late summer and autumn. .
Tasks and basic processing methods
How to process the onion before planting? Do you need to process only bulbs or seeds too? These questions are often asked by inexperienced people who are just starting to grow vegetables.If the pre-planting instructions are followed correctly, you can achieve the following results:
- improve onion growth;
- increase germination rate;
- protect onions from powdery mildew and the subsequent process rotting;
- increase yield;
- prevent pests from eating bulbs.
Another really important point before planting is the preparation of seeds. When the gardener did not grow them on his own, but bought them on the market, there is no maximum guarantee of quality. To achieve the previously mentioned goals, you can use the basic methods of processing onions, which are:
- steaming;
- sorting;
- soaking in water, salt or antiseptic solution.
- additional treatment with specialized growth stimulants.
Do not also forget that the planting of seeds of onions or onions needs proper selection and thorough tillage. For the earth, you can use the very solutions with which the onion seeds were soaked. Timely fertilizer application increases the yield.
Steaming and sorting
Before planting onions on the bed in the spring, seeds are sorted. If among them there are bulbs even with minimal signs of decay, they must be selected from good seeds. Unsuitable for planting on the bed will be too large or very small heads of onions or blackened turnips.
The gardener will do it right if he sorts the seeds by size before planting. Initially, the largest bulbs are planted in the soil, then medium and then small ones. This option of planting greatly facilitates the subsequent gardening of plants by the gardener.
Why is the onion heated for planting? This action sets itself specific goals. High temperature background significantly affects harmful microorganisms. Still, if you process onions in this way, it will give a feather much faster, but the arrows do not form so fast.
To warm up, use the following methods:
- Put onion seeds in a glass plate and warm them in a conventional microwave. To do this, select the average power and set the timer for 1.5-2 minutes.
- Another option involves heating for 6-8 hours at a temperature of 35-40 ° C. This method prevents powdery mildew after the seeds of onions are planted in the ground.
- Onions should be stored on turnips at a temperature of 17-20 ° C, but there is one negative side: they can begin to germinate.
- You can warm the onion heads at a temperature of 30 to 35 ° C. If the bulb is small then 10 days is enough, if large – 13-15.
Still gardeners practice such a warming method as soaking:
- Short – seeds are soaked for 1-2 minutes initially in hot water (temperature 65-70 ° C), then transferred to cold for the same time.
- You can still soak just in warm water (45-50 ° C) for 15 minutes and again repeat the same with cold water.
The last few methods allow you to harden the seeds, making them more resistant to the most difficult and adverse environmental conditions. Planting such an onion will allow the gardener to get good greens and large bulbs. In addition, warming up prevents the formation of arrows.
There is a lot of writing on the Internet that if the seeds are treated with soda, shooting will be prevented. According to professional gardeners, this is not the right advice, since this property of the root crop is determined by the temperature regime of storage of seed onions before planting. And the lower it is, the faster the arrows will develop.
Preventive measures against the development of diseases
Before you soak the seeds in antiseptic solutions and plant them in the ground, you need to cut dried tips Why is this procedure necessary? This will make it possible to penetrate between small scales of onion root. If this procedure is inaccurate or incomplete, then do not wait for positive results.To process the onion before planting in the soil, apply a specialized solution. Each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses. Experienced growers are familiar with the main onion diseases, so they use the most optimal way to cultivate seeds and land. The following substances are mainly used:
- nitrate;
- potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
- sodium chloride (table salt);
- copper sulfate.
Saltpeter treatment is possible only at the beginning of cultivation – in the spring.
This solution not only protects against diseases, but also acts as good growth stimulator. A solution of nitrate is prepared as follows: 10 liters of water are taken, it is heated to a temperature of not more than 50 °, then 1-3 g of a nitrogenous substance are added. After the seeds have been soaked, the remaining solution can be used to water the soil before sowing. For 1 square. 6-8 l of fertilizer is enough.
Processing before planting with potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) is necessary if the farmer has to grow onions. For the solution, 10 g of crystals are taken and mixed with water. Root heads fall into this mixture for half an hour and do not need to be dried before sowing.
Salt treatment is a reliable protection against the stem nematode worm. To do this, dissolve 6 tbsp in 10 l of water. l salt. After that, in the solution it is necessary to soak the onion heads for 8-10 minutes.Another solution with salt, but a different level of concentration, you can cultivate the land. To protect the plant from fungi, you can additionally sprinkle it with Fitosporin. At least 35 to 40 g of the drug is diluted in 1 bucket of water and the onions are soaked for half an hour. All procedures are performed before planting, and it does not matter whether it is in spring or autumn (winter varieties).
You can still process with copper sulfate. This substance is an excellent protector of the vegetable from powdery mildew and rot. The solution with copper sulfate has the following proportion: 30 g of potassium is diluted in 10 l of water and the root crop is left in it for 15 -25 minutes. If the water is heated and diluted in hot, the onion can be soaked for no longer than 2 minutes and immediately transferred to clean cold water. Planting on a bed is possible only 5 hours after treatment with copper sulphate.
Growth promotion methods
Before planting bulbs on a bed, it does not matter, in spring or autumn, you need to process seeds with specialized growth stimulants. The most affordable method is to dunk the turnip in ash. For this purpose, half a kilogram of wood ash is diluted in 10 liters of water and the bulbs are left in it for 10 minutes. This soaking is a bit like processing with copper sulfate, since after that you need to dry the seeds. Ash in its composition has many natural antiseptics that prevent the process of decay.
Another option for the growth stimulator is Epin-Extra solution. For its use, water must be warmed up to 45-50 ° C and for every 5 l add 1 capsule of the drug. Also, Biostim and Silkom will be good stimulants. During cooking, you must clearly follow the instructions so as not to harm the plants. Processing is carried out only after the bulbs are warmed up in a warm liquid.If the seeds are planted in the autumn, then there is no need for growth stimulants.
How is the soil prepared
Processing the onion before planting is a guaranteed protection of the crop, but it may still occur difficulties if the land is not prepared for the process.
Choosing a place to grow
The best option for planting onions is the area where zucchini, peas, beans were previously grown, tomatoes or pumpkin. All plants have special bactericidal characteristics, so they are not afraid of an onion pest, because they kill many pathogenic bacteria.
In no case is it recommended to plant sevoc in a place where carrots or garlic used to grow. Also, experienced farmers do not recommend planting onions in the same area more than 1 time in several years.
How can I fertilize the earth
Fertilize the soil, so that the plant gives good productivity. Organic fertilizers are best applied in the autumn or completely refrain from it, because with their excess, the root crop will be small, because onions grow in feathers. What really affects growth is the mineral fertilizers of the soil, which can be produced both during planting and in the process of plant growth.
- Fertilizers can be purchased, or can be made independently. Alternatively, if you need a solution for disinfecting the soil, you should sprinkle it with salt.To do this, take 10 liters of water, add 3 tablespoons of salt and a pound of fern leaves to it.
- Still, in order to prevent a painful effect, you can use copper sulfate. For 10 l of water, 30-40 g of crystals are taken, the soil is thoroughly dissolved and watered. Calculation per 1 square. m is about 10 liters of solution. After sprinkling, the soil needs to dry, so you can plant seeds only after 3-4 days, taking into account the fact that during this time it will not rain.
- Tobacco leaves can cope with a variety of diseases. To do this, 200 g of leaves need to be insisted in 3 liters of water for 3 days, then add 1 tsp. red pepper, 1 tbsp. l liquid soap and add water to get 10 liters. The calculation of soil irrigation is similar to the previous one, that is, for 1 square. m 10 l. You can also sprinkle onion leaves with this fertilizer.
- Wood ash is an excellent fertilizer option. A pound of ash is added to the bucket of liquid, and it not only serves as a fertilizer, but also prevents the process of root rot rot.
A good harvest is a successful result of the farmer’s long work. If everything is done correctly, the quality of the crop and its level will increase several times.
Conclusion
Proper processing of onions before planting in open ground is an important preparatory procedure. The thing is that the preparation of planting material energizes the onion even before it enters the ground.
Of course, fertilizing in the process of plant growth is also an important stage, but pre-planting processing is an equally important step in caring for the crop.
