Dokokin ciyar da tumatir –

Takin tumatir a lokacin girma shine yanayin da ya zama dole don amfanin gona mai kyau. Kulawa mai kyau zai samar da tsire-tsire da sauri girma, samun manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi.

Dokokin ciyar da tumatir

Sakamakon zai dogara ne akan ingancin shirye-shiryen da masu lambu ke amfani da su, daidaitaccen zaɓi na sharuɗɗa da hanyoyin aikace-aikacen su.Yawancin shawarwari masu amfani game da amfani da takin mai magani ana iya samuwa a cikin littattafan GAKizim. Ko da don tsara gonar a cikin ɗakin da kuma gonar a baranda.

Kayan abinci

Lokacin ciyarwa, wajibi ne a kula ba kawai ga buƙatar abubuwan triad na nitrogen da potassium ba. phosphorus, amma har da sauran abubuwa. Wani muhimmin sashi don noma shine alli, da kuma abubuwa masu yawa: sulfur, zinc, iron, manganese, aluminum, boron,

Nitrogen

Nitrogen ya zama dole don kayan lambu don haɓaka kore. Tumatir talakawa: kuma don samuwar isassun adadin ovaries.

Duk da mahimmancin kashi don haɓakawa da haɓakawa, bai kamata a ba da izinin wuce gona da iri na nitrogen a cikin ƙananan ganye ba, da kuma yanayin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa ke daure da girma. A matakai daban-daban, sakamakon zai iya zama daban-daban: greasing na shuke-shuke (thickening na kara da ganye, jinkirta fruiting), dandano lalacewa, fatattaka, unsightly ‘ya’yan itace.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus wajibi ne don samuwar tushen tsarin, da ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Karancinsa yana tabbatar da:

• violet launi na veins na ganye,
• farantin duhu,
• inuwa ja a baya.

Idan ba a biya rashi na phosphorus a cikin lokaci ba, ganyen suna murƙushewa da tint na tagulla na ‘ya’yan itace ya bayyana. Irin waɗannan alamun yawanci ana lura da su a cikin mummunan yanayi, a lokacin haɓakar tushen tushe, kafa ‘ya’yan itace.

Lokacin yin amfani da takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da phosphorus, yakamata a yi la’akari da tsarin tushen tushen tumatir. Tushen tsakiyar tsakiya yana ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa zurfin 50 cm ko fiye. Tushen rassan a saman abinci a saman yadudduka, don haka kuna buƙatar zubar da bayani mai gina jiki ba kawai a ƙarƙashin tushe ba, har ma a cikin da’irar kusa da tushe tare da diamita na kusan rabin mita.

Potassium

Abun yana ba da damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya na shuka zuwa matsanancin yanayin zafi, yana ƙaruwa da rigakafi ga cututtuka daban-daban.

Alamomin rashin potassium:

• launin rawaya ko orange na gefen ganyen,
• tsofaffin ganyen ya bushe ya bushe.
• tumatir bai yi daidai ba.

Idan ba ku takin voevremenno ba, canje-canjen da ba za a iya jurewa ba suna faruwa: mai tushe ya daina girma, odereveneyut.

Nau’in takin zamani

Tumatir mai taki.? Ma’adinai da takin gargajiya za su taimaka wajen sake cika abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa.

Ma’adinai da takin mai magani

Akwai nau’ikan takin zamani da yawa

a cikin abun da ke ciki rarrabe:

• nitrogen: ammonium nitrate, urea, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate,
• phosphoric: superphosphate,
• potash – potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate (ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da salts na potassium chlorine ba, yayin da suke ƙara yawan chlorine a cikin ƙasa),
• hadaddun: ammophos, nitroammophos, nitrophos, azofoska, calcium nitrate da sauransu (sun ƙunshi zama dole imy ga tumatir hadaddun abubuwa).

Wani muhimmin abu don ci gaban tumatir shine calcium. Idan ba ku ƙara adadin nitrate na calcium da ake buƙata a ƙasa a daidai lokacin ba, tsire-tsire da aka dasa ba za su iya sha nitrogen da kyau ba.

Wannan kitse ba na kowa ba ne. Ana iya shirya shi a gida daga ammonium nitrate, ruwa, da lemun tsami. Lokacin da aka tafasa cakuda, an saki ammonia, saboda haka dole ne a kiyaye matakan tsaro, kuma abin da ya haifar da barasa shine suturar calcium don tumatir.

• Complex ma’adinai da takin mai magani ga tumatir tushen miya ne kadan daban-daban daga juna. Sun haɗa da abubuwa na hadaddun nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus a cikin nau’i daban-daban, akwai bambanci a cikin hanyoyin shirye-shiryen, amma suna da kusan tasiri iri ɗaya akan al’ada.
• Taki don tumatir Sudarushka ban da hadaddun kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ake buƙata don ganowa, yana da tasirin antifungal. Suna iya takin tumatir a ƙarƙashin tushen da kuma a kan ganye.
• Hanya mai mahimmanci don ƙara yawan aiki, samuwar ‘ya’yan itace tare da dandano mai kyau shine miyagun ƙwayoyi Mag-bor. Cika ma’ajin abubuwan gano abubuwan magnesium da boron.
• Teraflex yana ba da damar kawar da rashin magnesium, hanzarta ripening ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Hakanan ana amfani da tuks na wannan jerin don shuka tsire-tsire a gida akan windowsill.
• Ɗaya daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da su don kula da tumatir shine ruwan Bordeaux. Yin aiki tare da jan karfe sulfate yana taimakawa wajen yaki da cututtukan fungal.

Organic takin mai magani

A al’adance, ana ciyar da tumatur saniya, doki, kuma ba a kai-a kai ba na alade da ɗigon tsuntsaye. takin, peat. Ana amfani da su a cikin busassun nau’i ko azaman suturar ruwa (ana iya yin su cikin sauƙi a gida).

Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan tumatir na halitta a cikin kaka lokacin da ake noma. Don su fara shafar tsire-tsire, yana ɗaukar lokaci, a cikin bazara yana da kyau a haɗa abubuwan ma’adinai tare da humate. Ciyar da mullein ruwa, ana yin kaza a lokacin rani. Don yin wannan, an zubar da busassun abu da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1 kuma an bar shi don ferment. Takin tumatir tare da datti ya fi mayar da hankali, tun da dole ne a diluted a cikin 20-25 sassa na ruwa kafin amfani.

Humates gishiri ne na potassium ko sodium, wanda wani bangare ne na humic acid, wanda ya zama tushen humus na ƙasa. Masana’antu suna samar da nau’o’i daban-daban tare da takin ma’adinai (shirye-shiryen roba, Gumat Super series). Ana shayar da humate ɗin da aka kashe a yayyafa masa tsiro.

Taki sabon nau’in

Signor-tumatir shine taki na organo-mineral wanda ake amfani dashi don ciyar da tumatir a yanayin greenhouse da kuma a fili. . Ana iya amfani da shi kafin dasa shuki da kuma bayan duk lokacin girma.

Magungunan yana da fa’idodi da yawa. Haɗin nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus a cikin mafi kyawun rabo yana ƙarfafa ba kawai girma ba, har ma da samuwar ovaries, ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu inganci. Kasancewar humic acid, ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani suna inganta ingancin ƙasa, shuka ya zama mafi juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban kuma mafi kyawun assimilate na gina jiki. Wannan yana rage buƙatar takin mai magani.

Yana ƙarfafawa da haɓaka juriya na tumatir zuwa cututtuka daga Red Giant mai. Processing Ideal, wani ruwa foliar taki, yana da irin wannan tasiri a kan tumatir. Yana da halayen alkaline don haka ya fi dacewa da ƙasa acid. Iri magani bada farkon germination, kwari ba m ga seedlings. Ta hanyar daidaita nau’i-nau’i da hanyoyin aikace-aikacen, ana iya daidaita ci gaban tsire-tsire.

Yadda dan wasan ke sarrafa tumatur a lokacin dashen shuka yana taimakawa wajen dasa su, kuma ana iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar fesa tsire-tsire. Ana yin na farko idan ganye uku suka bayyana, na biyu da na uku, tare da tazarar mako guda.

Taki yana ƙara juriya ga cututtuka

Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar fesa tumatir tare da Epin, taki. Kyakkyawan iko. Waɗannan su ne ƙarni na gaba na biostimulants waɗanda:

• hanzarta germination iri, ripening ‘ya’yan itace,
• ta da rooting na seedlings, da rejuvenation na tsohon shuke-shuke,
• ƙara juriya ga cututtuka,
• rage adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa.

Za a iya bayyana ka’idodin yin amfani da kwayoyi a hankali a cikin teburin da aka ba a cikin umarnin.

Wani sabon nau’in hadadden microfertilizer mai dauke da ma’adinai da kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta – Nanovit. Hakazalika, wannan jerin magunguna ne da ake bayarwa akan lokaci a lokacin bazara. Masana’antun suna bikin ingancinsu na Turai kuma suna da gogewa a cikin amfani da masana’antu a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya.

Dokokin aikace-aikacen taki

Yaushe da yadda ake taki

Don samun sakamakon, yana da mahimmanci a san lokacin da shuka ke buƙatar wasu abubuwan gina jiki. Akwai ra’ayoyi daban-daban: wasu sun yi imanin cewa hadi don tumatir ya zama dole kowane kwanaki 7-10, wasu – cewa ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da bushes.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci yadda ake ciyar da tumatir yadda yakamata. Akwai manyan nau’o’i biyu na ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki na shuka: tushe da suturar foliar. Lambu gabaɗaya suna canza hadi a ƙarƙashin tushe da kan ganye.

Babban tsarin gaba ɗaya don ciyar da tushen tumatir:

• ciyarwar farko na tumatir ana aiwatar da shi bayan dasa shuki bayan makonni 2.
• na biyu – kafin flowering,
• na uku – a lokacin samuwar farko ovaries.
• na hudu – a lokacin lokacin aikin fruiting (ba a baya fiye da makonni 2 kafin girbi).

Sau nawa don ciyarwa ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi (ruwan sama mai yawa, alal misali, zai cire abubuwa masu amfani daga ƙasa). Adadin su duka a lokacin girma shine 8-10. Har ila yau, ana amfani da takin zamani a lokacin tono a cikin bazara da kuma kafin dasa tumatir a cikin bazara.

Features na hadi a cikin greenhouse

Yin amfani da kayan abinci mai gina jiki lokacin girma a cikin filin da aka rufe yana da halayensa. Wannan shi ne saboda greenhouse yana riƙe da zafi mai zafi da zafin jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta yana ƙaruwa.

Yawan ciyar da foliar ya ragu. Kuna buƙatar takin tumatir greenhouse da sassafe a cikin yanayin girgije, in ba haka ba za ku iya ƙone tsire-tsire (gilashin ko fim daga greenhouse na iya yin rawar gilashin girma). Bayan: dole samun iska don danshin ganye ya ƙafe kuma tsire-tsire sun bushe da dare.

Yadda ake taki

Mai lambu, kula da ingancin ƙasa da bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na amfanin gona, dole ne ya jagoranci tsarin ‘kada ku cutar’. Zaɓin taki don tumatir, lokaci da hanyar aikace-aikacen ya dogara da yanayin farko na ƙasa, yanayin girma.

ƙwararrun masu shuka kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar kaurace wa kurakurai na yau da kullun waɗanda zasu haifar da akasin tsammanin.

Yadda ba za a takin tumatir:

• dasa a cikin ƙasa mai albarka: ƙara yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta zuwa rijiyoyin na iya haifar da tara mai a cikin tsire-tsire da kuma rage yawan amfanin ƙasa,
• ciyar da taki saniya fiye da sau 2-3 a kowace kakar (wannan zai iya shafar yawa da dandana ingancin tumatir girbe),
• yakan yi amfani da urea (wannan zai lalata tsire-tsire, ana iya amfani dashi don ciyar da foliar a farkon lokacin girma).

Samfuran jama’a

Yadda ake ciyar da tumatir don kada ya cutar da lafiyar ku? Masu lambu suna neman amsar a cikin aikin noman kwayoyin halitta, lokacin da kawai ana amfani da samfurori na halitta.

Waɗannan su ne mafi mashahuri girke-girke na ciyar da tumatir.

Ciyar da yisti

Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da suturar yisti a lokacin zafi

Yisti mai yin burodi ya ƙunshi amino acid, abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaban shuka. An bayyana ingantaccen tasirin yisti:

• a cikin kyakkyawan karbuwa na seedlings bayan tsoma,
• a cikin haɓaka juriya tare da abubuwan da ba su da kyau (misali, ƙarancin haske),
• a kore taro girma, raya tushen tsarin.

Tun da aikin naman gwari na yisti ya dogara da zafin jiki, tasiri na suturar saman yisti zai yi ƙasa sosai lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa ƙasa mai sanyi a cikin yanayin sanyi.

Girke-girke na Tufafin Yisti:

• Don kofi 1 na ruwan dumi akwai kunshin gram 10 na busassun ruwa yisti da cokali 2. l sukari.Dukan abubuwan da ake buƙata suna buƙatar haɗuwa da kyau, bar su tsawon sa’o’i 2, sannan a diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
• 100 grams na yisti mai rai yana wakiltar lita 10 na ruwan dumi. An bar cakuda don kwana ɗaya, kuma kafin shayarwa an diluted a cikin lita 50 na ruwa.
• Don ruwa ba tare da jiko ba, 200 g na yisti mai rai ana diluted a cikin lita 5 na ruwa. Kafin watering, ana kawo ƙarar ruwa zuwa lita 50.

A matsayin zaɓi don amfani da yisti a matsayin miya don tumatir, puree. An shirya shi daga lissafin: 100 g na yisti, 2-3 tablespoons na sukari a cikin lita 3 na ruwa. Bayan mako guda, ana iya amfani da puree. Samfurin yana da tsada sosai: 1 kofin an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.

Babban illar yin amfani da suturar yisti shine shayar da potassium da calcium a tsawon rayuwar yisti, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar ƙara toka na itace a cikin farawa ko kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushen.

Ana amfani da sukari don ciyar da tumatir don haɓaka fermentation yisti kuma azaman taki mai zaman kansa. Masu noman kayan lambu suna la’akari da shi kyakkyawan abin motsa jiki ga shuke-shuke. Lokaci-lokaci ana bada shawara don aiwatar da ruwan tumatir mai dadi. An shirya maganin a cikin adadin 100 g na sukari da lita 1 na ruwa. Amfanin abun da ke ciki don shuka ɗaya shine 0.5-1 l, dangane da shekarun daji.

Ciyar da burodi

Daga cikin masu noman kayan lambu da ke yin aikin noma, ciyar da tumatir ya shahara. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, manoma sun yi amfani da burodin baƙar fata (crusts, cookies) a matsayin taki. Ya ƙunshi a cikin abun da ke ciki muhimman abubuwa don girma da ci gaban tumatir kamar su phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, iron, sodium. Domin 40% ko fiye, burodi ya ƙunshi carbohydrates, wanda shine yanayi mai kyau ga fungi da kwayoyin cuta. Suna canza nitrogen daga iska zuwa mahaɗan da tsire-tsire ke sha cikin sauƙi.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don shirya takin gargajiya don tumatir daga burodi:

• Duk gurasar alkama ta cika guga da rabi, a cika shi da ruwa sannan a daka shi. load kuma bar zuwa ferment na mako guda. Sai a matse biredi a zuba bokitin a kai.
• Jiƙa 3-4 burodin burodi a cikin babban guga (15 l). Bayan kwanaki 2, ana fitar da gurasar, kuma an zubar da sakamakon da aka samu da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 8 ko 1:10, bayan haka an yi amfani da shi azaman taki.
• Ana zuba biredin a cikin gwangwani na ruwan dumi kuma, tare da madaidaicin iska, a bar su cikin ruwan dumi. wuri na makonni 2. Bayan an shayar da al’adun farawa 1: 1 tare da ruwa kuma an zuba a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyin tumatir.

Ana iya yin irin wannan suturar burodi kowane kwanaki 10-12, musamman idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau sosai. Ka’idojin amfani: 1 kofin kirim mai tsami a karkashin shuka. Kamar takin yisti, dole ne a ƙara toka don sake cika ma’ajiyar calcium a cikin ƙasa.

Amfani da peels albasa

Bawon Albasa yana motsa tsiro

Bawon albasa shine tushen halitta na bitamin da phytoncides. Carotene da ke cikinsa yana da kaddarorin antioxidant, yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi. Vitamins na rukunin B da PP suna haɓaka haɓakar halayen sinadarai, sakamakon abin da abubuwa ke canza su zuwa nau’ikan da tsire-tsire ke ɗauka cikin sauƙi.

Don haka, yin amfani da bawon albasa yana ba ku damar:

• kara rigakafi ga cututtuka daban-daban,
• samar da tsarin tushen ci gaba,
• ta da ci gaban shuka a kowane mataki.

Shirye-shiryen da aka yi daga harsashi zai taimaka wajen kawar da kwari da yawa: aphids, ticks, caterpillars.

Don ciyar da tumatir tare da irin wannan taki, kana buƙatar ɗaukar gilashin 2 bushe ganyen albasa da kuma zuba 2 lita na ruwan zãfi, bar don yin amfani da shi na tsawon kwanaki 2, sa’an nan kuma zubar da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 3. Ana bada shawara. don amfani da maganin da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin tushen.

Don sarrafa kwari, an shirya shirye-shiryen ƙananan maida hankali: 1 gilashin kwasfa an zuba a cikin lita 10 na ruwa da kuma tafasa, ko zuba tare da ruwan zãfi kuma nace na tsawon sa’o’i 12. Ana amfani dashi bayan sanyaya da damuwa.

Jiko na ganye

Taki mai arha da muhalli na gida don tumatir shine jiko na ganye. Darajarsa ta ta’allaka ne a cikin nasarar haɗin carbon da nitrogen. Ba kamar takin zamani ba, wanda ke ɗaukar watanni da yawa don girma, wannan shiri yana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa.

Don ko da yaushe samun sabo ne jiko a hannu, an shirya shi a cikin kananan rabo daga weeds da yanke ciyawa. Kasancewar nettle, dandelion, celandine yana haɓaka kaddarorin sinadirai na wannan yisti. Ba zai zama wanda ba a so a yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu yanke a lokacin lokacin flowering.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin ganyen shayi na tumatir, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine kamar haka:

• sanya yankakken kore taro a cikin akwati (cube ko ganga) da m, bar 20-25 cm zuwa gefen akwati,
• zuba ruwa (nauyin rabo) game da 1: 1),
• ƙara superphosphate narkar da a cikin ruwan dumi (sashi – 50 g da lita 10 na ruwa),
• bar zuwa ferment na kwanaki 10-12 har sai wani takamaiman warin taki, rage kumfa (yana da kyau a rufe akwati da murfi ko kunsa shi da fim, haxa cakuda lokaci-lokaci).

Jiko da aka gama an diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 4 kuma ana shayar da Ata a tushen. A lokacin flowering da ‘ya’yan itace, za ka iya ƙara itace ash ko potassium sulfate.

Amfani da magungunan gida

Tumatir mai rauni yana ciyar da ciyawa waɗanda ke buƙatar nitrogen a cikin tsire-tsire ammonia A lokacin fure, tushen abubuwan abubuwan ganowa na iya zama potassium permanganate.

Wani madadin fungicides shine sarrafa tumatir tare da kefir, madara (mafifi tare da ƙari na aidin) da whey. Don yin tumatir ya zama ja da sauri, ana fesa su da maganin iodine a lokacin cikawa. Ana amfani da hydrogen peroxide don kashe tsaba da kuma hana tushen rubewa.

Fasahar EM da noman tumatir

A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, tsarin noma na halitta da nufin masu lambu ya kasance sananne sosai don haɓaka amfani da albarkatun ƙasa na ciki.

Wani ɓangare na wannan tsarin shine amfani da fasahar EM – yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasiri don ƙara yawan haihuwa na kowace ƙasa.

Baikal EM-1 wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke da amfani ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana amfani da maganin da aka shirya akan wannan don shirya takin EM mai gina jiki, jiƙa iri, tsire-tsire na ruwa da tsire-tsire masu girma. A cewar masu aikin lambu, yin amfani da wannan magani yana ba ku damar samun mafi kyawun amfanin gona kafin al’ada ripening ba tare da amfani da sinadarai ba.

ƙarshe

Don yanke shawarar yadda za a takin tumatir a kan shafin, kuna buƙatar kimanta duk wadata da fursunoni.Babu wani girke-girke da aka shirya. Mai shi ne kawai zai iya yanke shawarar ko za a yi amfani da hadadden takin da aka siya don tumatir ko don dacewa da samfuran gida, misali takin ko zubar da tsuntsaye.

Lokacin kallon tsire-tsire, mai lambu dole ne yayi aiki da kalandarsa don ƙara abubuwan gina jiki. Jagoran zai zama ƙa’idodi na gaba ɗaya da umarnin don magunguna da aka zaɓa.