Gwangwani kwalba –

Gishiri na kwalba, ko gourd, shine kayan da aka yi don ƙirƙirar abubuwa na ado. Ana yin sana’a da kayan aiki daga gare ta.

Gwangwadon kwalba

Bot yana da fasalin Nical

kabewa – kayan lambu tare da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa kuma suna da siffar elongated mai zagaye, sau da yawa mai siffar pear, wani lokacin m. Samfurori guda ɗaya suna da tsayi har zuwa mita 2, 10 cm ko fiye a diamita. Kullun yana da yawa, mai hana ruwa, yana da launin kore, kama da inuwar kankana.

Sunan kimiyya don kayan lambu na kayan ado, wanda aka yi kama da gilashin hourglass, shine lagenaria.

Tushen shuka shine lianiform, fuskar bangon waya, kurangar inabi da aka rufe. Kowace liana ya kai tsayin mita 15 ko fiye. A kan kowane daji, ana samar da kayan lambu 10-15 tare da nauyin kilogiram 0.5-1.5. Don daidaita girman kayan lambu ana samun su ta hanyar ɗora matakai na gefe da cire ovaries mara amfani a cikin matakin fure.

Tushen tsarin yana haɓaka sosai. Babban tushen shine zurfin 0.7-0.8 m, tushen gefen 2.5-2.8 m. Lagenaria yana da ikon kafa tushen sama da ƙasa.

Tushen masu shuka kayan lambu masu ƙarfi suna ɗaukar jari. Ana yi musu allurar rigakafin kankana da kankana, wanda hakan ke kara yawan amfanin su da kuma saurin ci gaba.

Ganyen yana cikin sifar pentagon kuma yana da filaye mai kauri. Flowering yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan fararen inflorescences waɗanda za’a iya gani akan sinuses na ganye kawai da dare.

Amfani mai amfani

Gilashin kwalba ba shi da dandano mai daɗi, yana da ɗaci kuma wani lokacin gaba ɗaya ba za a iya ci ba, kayan lambu masu ɗaci suna da tsari mara kyau, ana cinye su har sai diamita na kayan lambu ya kai 20-40 cm. Naman matashin gourdon yana da amfani kuma yana da ƙanshin kamshi na yau da kullun.

Babban amfani da kwalban kayan ado shine ƙirar ciki na genarian.Ta hanyar balaga a ƙarƙashin hardening zuwa yanayin bishiya, kullun naman kabewa ya bushe. Tsarin numbing cortex yana samuwa ta hanyar sel masu dutse, scleroid, wanda ya sa ya zama mai ƙarfi. Irin waɗannan kaddarorin na haushi suna ba da damar yin amfani da shi wajen kera kayan adon cikin gida da na gida: faranti, bututu, kayan wasa, kayan kida.

Bushewa da sarrafawa

Don amfani da kabewa don dalilai na ado, dole ne a tsaftace shi kuma a bushe. A baya can, an jika shi a cikin ruwa don ya zama gaba ɗaya kuma an rufe shi da zane mai laushi. Tsawon lokacin aikin jiƙa ya dogara da kauri na ɓawon burodi kuma yana daidai da 0.5-1 hours.

A lokacin aikin jiƙa, ana juya kayan lambu akai-akai don tabbatar da ko da m.

Ana tabbatar da shirye-shiryen kayan lambu don sarrafawa ta hanyar cire babban farantin. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tarkacen ƙarfe na gida mai sauƙi don wanke jita-jita. Lokacin tsaftace Layer na kakin zuma, yi ƙoƙari kada ku yi ƙoƙari na musamman don kada ku lalata saman kayan lambu.

Kyawawan kwalabe an yi su da ‘ya’yan itatuwa

Daga kwalbar DIY suna yin kyawawan kwalabe don samar da ruwa, da kuma kwantena don adana hatsi. A wannan yanayin, kada a adana ruwan a cikin kwalban kwalba fiye da kwanaki 2. Kada a zuba abin sha masu zafi a cikin nau’in kabewa.

Don tsaftace kayan lambu daga ciki, kuna buƙatar yin haka:

• a wuyansa alamar wuri don rami mai diamita na togi,
• huda ramuka a kusa da ƙaramin wutsiya mai diamita, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar da ake yanke wutsiyar kabewa da wuka ko ginin gini.
• Ana tsabtace ramin da aka samu da takarda mai kyau, a baya an naɗe shi da mazurari,
• tare da taimakon sandar ƙarfe, ana tsabtace cikin kayan lambu,
• Ana fitar da ragowar zaruruwa da tsaba tare da ƙugiya ta waya.

An zubar da nau’i mai tsabta tare da ruwa, an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi kuma yana jiran farkon fermentation na ruwa. Wannan tsari yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 3-5. A lokaci guda, tabbatar da cewa ruwan ya cika kabewa zuwa ga baki. Alamomin fermentation:

• m yana bayyana akan kayan lambu,
• ruwan da ke ciki ya fara kumfa.

Ana zubar da ragowar ruwan tare da kumbura mai kumbura, sai a yi barci da duwatsu a zuba ruwa kadan, girgiza na tsawon minti 5-10, sannan a kwashe komai. Ana maimaita wannan hanya har sai ruwa mai tsabta da aka haɗe da duwatsu ya fara fitowa daga cikin akwati, ba tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara da sauran iri ba.

Don bushe kayan lambu da aka kwasfa, an juye shi kuma an bushe shi a wuri mai dumi, tare da wuyansa. kada ya kasance cikin kusanci da saman, iska ya kamata ya shiga cikin akwati.

Halayen amfanin gona

Lagenaria yana girma musamman a yankuna masu zafi, amma ana noma shi a cikin yanayin Rasha. The namo na pumpkins ne yafi yi ta hanyar seedling.

Shiri na girma tsaba da kuma seedlings

Kayan kabewa da aka shirya don dasa an riga an jiƙa su kuma an shuka su a cikin kwantena. Idan aka ba da mafi girma na harsashi iri, tsawon lokacin shayar da tsaba a cikin gourd akan crockery yana ƙaruwa zuwa kwanaki 2. Ruwan zafin jiki ya kai 30-35 ° C. Zai yiwu a guje wa hanyar soaking ta hanyar yanke saman tsaba kafin dasa shuki.

Ana sanya tsaba da aka shirya a cikin wani yanki na 3-4 cm kuma an rufe shi da fim a saman don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse da haɓaka germination. A cakuda ciyawa (2 sassa), humus (1 part) da yashi (1 part), wanda itace ash, gawayi ko superphosphate aka hade, ya dace a matsayin substrate. Bayan kwanaki 25-30, harbe-harbe da suka tsiro suna shirye don dasa su cikin ƙasa.

Zabi wuri da shuka

Wurin da ya fi dacewa don dasa kabewa shine ƙasa, tana haskakawa da hasken rana, an kiyaye shi daga igiyoyin iska kai tsaye. Sau da yawa ana shuka shi a kusa da ganuwar gine-gine, a gefen kudu na shinge. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka pumpkins shine farkon lokacin rani.

Shuka yana buƙatar tallafi

Abubuwan buƙatun ƙasa:

• friabidad,
• tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan alkaline dauki,
• rashin stagnation na danshi,
• rashin ruwan karkashin kasa.

Ana shuka gourd kwalban a nesa na 1 m. Yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma, suna haifar da goyon bayan trellis. A cikin yankunan da ke da ƙananan yanayin zafi, ƙuƙwalwar wuyansa yana girma a cikin rufaffiyar da kuma zafi mai zafi.

Karin kulawa

Gwargwadon kwalba yana girma da sauri tare da kulawa mai kyau, gami da shayarwa akai-akai, ciyarwa, da pollination. Ana yin ban ruwa yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. kwalaben lagenarian, wanda ke buƙatar ƙasa mai albarka, yana buƙatar hadi da ma’adinai, wanda ake ba da shi kowane kwanaki 10.

Kuna iya samun ‘ya’yan itatuwa daga nau’in kwalban kawai ta hanyar pollination na wucin gadi, wanda aka yi da dare, lokacin da inflorescences suka buɗe. Pollination faruwa a farkon mataki na flowering. Wannan yana buƙatar tattara pollen daga tsire-tsire na maza uku.

Lokacin girbi

Lokacin girbi ya dogara da abin da aka shuka kayan lambu don:

• cin amfanin gona na lagenaria da aka girbe bayan watanni 3 daga lokacin dasa shuki,
• Don amfani da kayan ado, ana barin kayan lambu a daji na tsawon watanni 4. Ranar ƙarshe na girbi shine kafin yanayin sanyi.

Ana amfani da tsaba da aka samu daga kayan lambu don dasa shuki na gaba.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na iri-iri

Gourd na kayan aiki yana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

• juriya ga yawan cututtuka (mosaic, powdery mildew, anthracnose, da dai sauransu).
• ikon yin amfani da abinci da kayan ado,
• kyawawan bayyanar kayan ado na liana na yin ado da mãkirci.

Masu lambu suna lura da gazawar pumpkins:

• abin da ake bukata don amfanin ƙasa,
• low juriya a low yanayin zafi,
• bukatar wucin gadi pollination.

ƙarshe

Lagenaria squash – squash na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka sani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa na sabon nau’in pear ko siffar m, wanda aka fi amfani dashi don dalilai na ado, saboda ɓangaren litattafan almara na kayan lambu ba ya dandana mai dadi, amma mai ɗaci. Kayan lambu ya dace da noma a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, amma dangane da wasu yanayi, amfanin gona na kayan lambu ya dace da noma a yankunan Rasha.