Lokacin da ake girma tumatir, masu lambu sukan haɗu da cututtuka na noman kayan lambu, wanda a farkon matakin ci gaba ya haifar da asarar saukowa. Daidaitaccen magani na tumatir tumatir yana taimakawa ceton seedlings da girbi na kayan lambu na gaba.
Jiyya na tumatir tumatir don cututtuka
Cututtukan naman gwari
Ciwon fungal yana buƙatar magani nan da nan. Naman gwari mai iya yaduwa cikin sauri zuwa sassa daban-daban na shuka yana shafar duk daji na tumatir, yana lalata ciki da waje, yana da wuya a ceci kayan lambu ba tare da ɗaukar matakan da suka dace ba.
Bakar kafa
Ƙafar baƙar fata yana rinjayar amfanin gona na kayan lambu a cikin mataki na farko na seedlings, yana tasowa tare da tushe kusa da ƙasa na ƙasa, a hankali yana raguwa, wanda ke lalata matasan seedlings. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi hatsari fungal cututtuka na seedlings.
Binciken
Don hana baƙar fata a cikin tumatir, ƙasa na tsaba an lalatar da su kafin dasa shuki, saboda wannan ana yin tururi a cikin tanda sannan kuma a shayar da shi a cikin ƙaramin bayani na potassium permanganate.
Septoria
Wani cututtukan fungal, septoria ko fararen fata a kan foliage tumatir, ana iya ganewa da sauƙi ta bayanin: ƙazantattun wurare suna bayyana a ƙananan matakin tumatir kore ko launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da ƙananan dige – fungi.
Binciken
Don hana gurbatar ƙasa kafin dasa shuki, ana aiwatar da rigakafin.
Don magance cututtukan septoria na tumatir tumatir, ana amfani da fungicides, Ridomil, ruwa Bordeaux ko Alpha-Copper.
Fusarium ya bushe
Lokacin da shukar tumatir ke shafar fungi na ƙasa, shuke-shuken sun rasa elasticity, tukwici na harbe sun bushe, furen ya juya kuma ya mutu.
Tratamiento
Ina amfani da wannan cuta ta fungal a gida shan kwayoyi Fitosporin, Trichodermin da Fitocide.
Lightarshen bala’i
Rashin cin nasara na marigayi blight yana haifar da cututtuka na ɓangaren iska na daji na tumatir, wanda ke haifar da necrosis da kuma lalata kayan lambu na gaba.
Tratamiento
A mataki na girma seedlings a gida, an fesa manganese (1 teaspoon na foda da 10 l na ruwa). Matsakaicin yawan ruwa mai aiki shine kusan kofuna 5 don tsiron tumatir 2. Kafin dasa tsire-tsire na tumatir a cikin greenhouse, ana ƙara yawan adadin magani da rigakafin zuwa 1 kopin ruwa mai aiki da 1 tsiro tumatir.
Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
Tsire-tsire na iya kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka
A cikin matakan farko, ƙwayoyin cuta ba su bayyana kansu ba. Madogararsa su ne:
- gurbatacciyar kasa,
- kwari a cikin greenhouse,
- ƙananan kayan iri iri.
Tumatir mosaic
Tumatir mosaic ne na kowa hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cuta da cewa shi ne mai hatsari ga matasa seedlings. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau’i na wani sabon abu a kan haske ko duhu koren ganyen ganye. Tare da yaduwa mai aiki na mosaic, ganye sun lalace.
Tratamiento
Ana gudanar da jiyya na girma tumatir tare da boric acid, wani bayani na potassium permanganate da magani tare da urea. Mitar ban ruwa: sau 3 a rana.
Igiya
Roughness ko dunƙule ana gane ta matattu tube na nama a kan mai tushe da foliage na tumatir seedlings. Tare da ci gaba da lalacewa ga amfanin gona na kayan lambu, waɗannan sassan suna ƙara girma, yadawa da haɗuwa a wuri guda. A sakamakon haka, ganyen tsire-tsire suna mutuwa kuma tsiron ya mutu.
Tratamiento
Jiyya na tumatir tumatir a kan Streak ba zai yiwu ba – an cire duk tsire-tsire da aka shafa. Ana fesa harbe masu lafiya tare da bayani mai mahimmanci na potassium permanganate.
Ba tare da tsaba ba
Tare da aspermia, da seedlings suna da bakin ciki, girgiza kara, bushes, underdevelopment na mutum sassa. Inflorescences suna girma tare, sun zama ƙarami kuma suna canza launi. Vectors na cutar sune kwari da harbe harbe.
Binciken
Don hana yaduwar cutar a lokacin girbin kayan lambu da kuma lokacin dasawa zuwa ƙasa, ana kula da ita da manganese da magnesium.
Kwayoyin cuta
Kwayoyin da ke da illa ga shuka tumatir suna ci gaba da aiki a cikin tsaba da ƙasa. Babu magunguna don maganin irin wannan cututtuka na tumatir tumatir, kawai ma’auni shine rigakafi da haɓaka juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa kwayoyin cuta.
Black spots
Yawan zafi yana lalata tsire-tsire
Baƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana saboda matsanancin zafi a yanayin zafin iska. A lokacin cutar, baƙar fata ɗigo da ratsi suna bayyana akan mai tushe, da kuma baƙar fata a cikin ganyayyaki.
Brown spots
Tabo mai launin ruwan kasa a kan foliage a saman saman sama kuma tare da fure mai kore a ƙananan ɓangaren suna bayyana tare da haɓakar zafi iri ɗaya.
Binciken
Don hana wannan cuta, ana fesa tsire-tsire tumatir tare da fungicides, wanda ya haɗa da jan karfe – sulfate jan karfe ko cuprosyl.
Cututtuka marasa yaduwa
Tumatir kuma yana rashin lafiya saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki na ma’adinai ko rashin fasahar noma.
Fasahar noma
Yin biyayya da ƙa’idodin aikin gona lokacin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse yana taimakawa hana bullar cutar. Don kiyaye seedlings lafiya:
- bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona,
- kafin dasa shuki iri, disinfect da tsaftace ƙasa daga tsohuwar tarkacen shuka,
- amfani iri iri tumatir resistant cuta.
Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki
Idan bayyanar tumatir tumatir ya canza, kuna buƙatar neman dalilin da yawa ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki:
- Nitrogen Tare da ƙarancinsa, ganyen ya zama kodadde, tare da ɗan ƙaramin rawaya mai launin rawaya, kara mai gatsewa. Tare da wuce haddi na seedlings suka fara ‘fatten’ da girma kore taro, jinkirta flowering da fruiting.
- Daidaita Rashinsa yana haifar da duhu na ganye, bayyanar launin shuɗi, ci gaba yana jinkirta. Yawan sinadarin phosphorus yana haifar da rashin wadataccen sinadarin zinc da tsirowar ƙarfe.
- Potassium. Ganyen tumatur, idan ya ɓace, ya zama rawaya, sannan ya zama launin ruwan kasa, yana murɗawa da murƙushewa. An wuce gona da iri na potassium hana ci gaban da seedlings.
- Magnesium da baƙin ƙarfe. Tare da rashinsa, ganyen ya zama rawaya, ya zama kodadde, wani lokacin ana ganin launin ja, rawaya yana bayyana tsakanin veins.
- Calcium Tare da rashin ganyen sa yana bushewa a tukwici, ganyen ya mirgine sannan ya mutu.
- Boron da sulfur. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwan suka ɓace, ganyen ya zama mai karye, matakin saman su yana karkata, tushe ya yi bakin ciki.
- Copper. Lokacin da wannan bangaren ya ɓace, ganyen ya zama ƙarami kuma ya bushe, suna ninkawa cikin bututu kuma suna bleaching a ƙarshen, ana iya fentin su launin kore-shuɗi.
- Manganese. Rashin manganese yana haifar da rashin ci gaban ganyen, yana juya launin rawaya a gindi, kuma tabo masu kama da mosaic suna samuwa.
Rigakafin da magani
Don kauce wa matsaloli tare da kasa mai gina jiki, taimaka siyan ƙasa don girma seedlings daga wani kantin sayar da na musamman.
Idan ɓangaren nitrogen bai isa ba, ana shayar da tumatir tumatir tare da urea (25-30 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Potassium yana cike da potassium nitrate (1 tablespoon a kowace guga na ruwa), yawan amfani shine 0,5 l a ƙarƙashin daji. Rashin zinc da magnesium an kawar da su ta hanyar suturar foliar da fesa tare da zinc sulfate (1 teaspoon da 10 l na ruwa) da magnesium nitrate (5 g da 10 l).
Idan tsire-tsire tumatir ba su da boron, an kawar da rashi ta hanyar fesa boric acid (0.5 tsp zuwa 5 l na ruwa).
