Don samun girbi mai kyau na dankalin turawa, ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa. Yi la’akari da yadda ake ciyar da dankalin turawa da kuma yadda ya fi dacewa don takin wannan kayan lambu.
Ciyar da dankali a bazara da bazara
Nau’in takin zamani
Don takin dankali ta amfani da takin zamani iri-iri. Wasu daga cikinsu ana kawo su ƙasa, wasu kuma ana fesa su a sashin iska na shukar. Dangane da hanyar aikace-aikacen, an raba suturar saman zuwa tushen da ƙarin tushe. Na karshen kuma ana kiranta ‘dankali leaf dressing’. Lokacin girma wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen a ƙasa.
Bayan takin ƙasa, shukar tana fitar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata daga ƙasa ta amfani da tsarin tushen.
A lokaci guda, bai kamata ku ƙin bi da daji tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da abubuwa masu amfani da dankali ba. Masana aikin gona sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da suturar foliar dankalin turawa masu zuwa:
- boron-manganese,
- nitric,
- phosphoric.
Har yanzu kuna iya ciyar da amfanin gonar kayan lambu tare da abubuwan ganowa waɗanda basu isa ba a cikin ƙasa. Kafin takin dankali, ana nazarin abun da ke cikin ƙasa. Bai kamata a yi amfani da takin ma’adinai ba: wuce haddi na kowane nau’in alama yana cutar da aikin amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
Hadi na foliar
Yi la’akari da kowane shawarar hadi foliar dankalin turawa daban.
Nitrogen
Ciyar da dankali tare da urea (urea) ya cancanta idan kayan lambu sun girma a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko kowace irin ƙasa mai haske. Tabbatar amfani da bayani mai mahimmanci. Lokacin shirya maganin, tabbatar da cewa foda ya narke gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa, in ba haka ba zai iya ƙone tsire-tsire.
Ana fesa shuka da dare, yayin da rana ta faɗi. Tare da shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da nitrogen, ana warkar da shuka a cikin watan farko na bazara. Idan kun aiwatar da shuka a watan Yuli, saman za su fara haɓakawa sosai. Shuka ba zai sami ƙarfin haɓaka tubers ba.
Ciyar da dankalin rani tare da shirye-shirye masu ɗauke da nitrogen yana hana bayyanar nematode.
Boron-Manganese
Ana aiwatar da cakuda Boron-Manganese da zaran shuka ya yi fure. Duk abubuwan biyu suna da mahimmanci ga wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu. Boric acid ba kawai yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, har ma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan kiyaye ingancin tubers.
Manganese yana da tasiri mai kyau akan jin daɗin samfurin kuma yana ƙara yawan sukari.
Bayan shuka ya yi fure kuma tubers sun yi girma, ba kwa buƙatar yin amfani da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da boric acid da manganese – kusan ba zai yi tasiri ga shuka kayan lambu ba.
Phosphoric
Phosphorus yana inganta dandano na tubers
Ana yin suturar dankalin turawa phosphate a lokacin rani. Ya kamata a ƙara superphosphates kwanaki 30-35 kafin farkon kayan lambu, sabili da haka yana da wahala a ƙayyade ainihin lokacin: duk ya dogara da iri-iri da aka girma.
Tufafin saman phosphate yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ɗanɗanon tubers kuma yana haɓaka rayuwarsu. Bugu da kari, da phosphorous magani qara sitaci na tubers. Don tsarma 10 g na superphosphates, ɗauki lita 10 na ruwa.
Mahimman maki
Kuna buƙatar sanin ba kawai yadda ake ciyar da dankali ba, har ma yadda ake yin shi daidai. Gudanar da kayan aikin shuka tare da shirye-shirye na musamman a ƙarshen bazara ko lokacin rani ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamakon da ake so ba, idan amfanin gona na kayan lambu ba shi da abubuwan asali, maganin foliar ba zai inganta yanayin ba.
Ba koyaushe amfani da takin mai magani iri-iri yana da tasiri mai amfani ga tsirrai ba. Alal misali, idan an yi amfani da tsire-tsire tare da carbamide da herbicides a lokaci guda, za su sha wahala kawai. Kowane samfurin yana da umarnin da ke bayyana abubuwan da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba su haɗa su da kyau ba. Dole ne a bi su.
Lokacin da aka ƙayyade wane takin mai magani don ciyar da dankali, la’akari da halaye na ƙasa. Urea ya dace da kowane nau’in ƙasa.
Ta hanyar harbe-harbe na matasa, abubuwan suna shayarwa da sauri, amma waɗannan ƙananan harbe sun fi dacewa, saboda haka, mahimmin mafita zai haifar da konewa.
Hadi a kasa da tushe
Ana yin suturar dankalin turawa a cikin bazara da bazara. Akwai nau’ikan suturar tushen guda biyu: na sama da ƙasa. Tufafin cikin ƙasa yana aiki da inganci, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da mafita na gina jiki a cikin ƙasan ƙasa, inda tushen tsarin dankali yake. Hanyar saman ta ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa takin yana tarwatse a saman ƙasa.
Ya fi dacewa a shigar da takin mai magani cikin ƙasa ta amfani da hanyar ‘ƙarƙashin ƙidaya’. A cikin ƙasa, yi hutu tare da tsayin 20-25 cm (hutu 1 a cikin bushes 3). Ana sanya shi a nesa ɗaya daga kowane daji. Ana zuba cakuda abubuwan gina jiki a cikin wannan hutun, yin hutun kusa da tushen zai iya ƙone shuka.
Organic taki
Mafi kyawun takin gargajiya don dankali shine zubar kaji. Yana da wadata a cikin potassium, nitrogen da phosphorus, kuma waɗannan sune mafi mahimmancin abubuwan ganowa ga wannan kayan lambu. An shirya taki kaza kafin lokaci. Zuba kashi 1 na busassun granules a cikin akwati, ƙara sassa 2 na ruwa. Bar cakuda don 48-72 hours. Sakamakon takin gargajiya ana diluted da ruwa kafin amfani. Don kashi 1 na maganin, ana gudanar da sassa 10 na ruwa.
Ana ciyar da dankali tare da zubar da kaji kafin a kwashe dankalin. Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya ciyar da tsire-tsire a lokacin samuwar sprout. Mullein yana aiki a matsayin madadin ɗigon kaji, amma kayan lambu sun fi muni da shi.
Lokacin da suke girma kayan lambu, suna amfani da potassium humate. Wannan magani ne da aka samu daga gishirin humic acid. Wani lokaci ana rarraba su azaman masu haɓaka haɓaka. Don dasa shuka tare da humate ya kamata kawai bayan ganye na huɗu ya bayyana akan kara. Ana nuna umarnin don amfani akan kunshin tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi. A matsayinka na mulkin, ɗauki 10 g na ruwa don 2 g na foda. Ana ƙara miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa ƙasa a cikin adadin lita 3 a kowace sassa dari. Hakanan ana amfani da ita azaman suturar sama.
Tufafin saman yana cike da tsire-tsire da ma’adanai
A cikin bazara, ana kawo taki a ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi duka a cikin tsari mai tsabta kuma a matsayin ɓangare na shirye-shirye. Kada ku yi amfani da taki a kan ƙasa cike da cututtuka daban-daban – zai haifar da ci gabanta kawai.
Ma’adinai da takin mai magani
Yadda ya kamata tasiri yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma takin da dankali da ma’adinai da takin mai magani. Tun da shuka yana buƙatar nitrogen, ana shigar da carbamide a cikin ƙasa 1.5-2 makonni kafin a dasa tubers. Ana iya warwatse granules a saman ƙasa, shayar da wurin. Idan ba a shayar da filin ba, ana yayyafa granules tare da ƙasa.
A karo na biyu ana shigar da urea yayin shuka. Baya ga urea, ana ƙara shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da potassium a cikin ƙasa. Ana yayyafa takin ma’adinai da ƙasa, sa’an nan kuma an shimfiɗa kayan dasa.
Baya ga urea, ana shigar da superphosphate biyu, ammonium nitrate da ash a cikin ƙasa lokacin da aka dasa. Ana ƙara magungunan 2 na farko a cikin ƙimar 1 kg a kowace murabba’in mita ɗari. Toka tana ba da gudummawar sau 5.
Wasu takin ma’adinai suna ciyar da shuka sau da yawa a kowace kakar. Wannan galibi yana nufin shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da nitrogen.
A cikin bazara da kuma kafin bugun, ana ciyar da dankalin ammonium nitrate. Wannan taki ya ƙunshi nitrogen. A cikin ƙasan podzolic, ammonium nitrate acid yana haɓaka ƙasa, amma a cikin chernozems kuma a cikin ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, ana iya amfani da ammonium nitrate ba tare da tsoron lalata kayan lambu ba. Yana haɓaka yawan amfanin gonakin kayan lambu.Takin shuka tare da nitroammophos, dole ne ku bi umarnin a sarari. Wani shuka ana ciyar da potassium monophosphate.
Abubuwan kara kuzari
Ana sayar da magungunan da ke motsa haɓakar kayan lambu. Baikal EM-1 sananne ne.
Maganin jama’a
Ana ciyar da al’adun shuka da magungunan jama’a waɗanda za a iya shirya da kansu. Daban-daban na ganye teas taimaka wajen kara yawan aiki, domin shiri wanda ko da ganye za a iya amfani da.
Ana sanya nauyin kore a cikin kowane akwati kuma an cika shi da ruwa. Ana barin jiko don yin taki. Kafin amfani, shirye-shiryen da aka tattara yana diluted da ruwa. Lokacin da suka haihu, ana jagorantar su da launi na miyagun ƙwayoyi: dole ne yayi kama da shayi mara kyau. Ana amfani da shirye-shiryen da aka samu a ƙarƙashin tushen. Idan ba a yi amfani da hanyar ‘under count’ ba, tabbatar da cakuda bai shiga cikin ganyayyaki da saman shuka ba.
Ana yin wani jiko mai tasiri tare da nettles. An shirya shi a cikin hanyar da ciyawa: nettle mai tushe da ganye suna jiƙa, diluted da ruwa kafin amfani.
Yisti koto yana shahara da mazauna rani. Mafi yawan al’amarin amfani ya haɗa da haɓaka yisti a cikin ruwa. Amfani dole ne ya zama yisti ‘rayuwa’. Ana ɗaukar 2,5 g na ruwa don 500 g na yisti. An bar maganin don 5-6 hours. Kafin amfani, tsoma ruwan da aka samu da ruwa (sashe 1 na cakuda da ruwa 10) an yarda da yin amfani da yisti mai bushe, amma a cikin wannan yanayin ana ɗaukar 5 g na yisti a kowace lita 5 na ruwa. Kafin amfani, ana diluted miyagun ƙwayoyi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 5. An gabatar da maganin a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara.
Lokacin amfani da shirye-shiryen tushen yisti, ana ƙara shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da potassium a cikin ƙasa. Yisti yana fitar da adadi mai yawa na wannan ma’adinai daga ƙasa, kuma kayan lambu suna buƙatar potassium don haɓakar al’ada.
ƙarshe
Don haɓaka aikin, yi jadawali don aikace-aikacen magunguna. A nan, ba wai sunayen kuɗin ba kawai suna da mahimmanci, amma har ma lokacin ajiyar su. Gabaɗaya, wanda taki don ciyar da dankali, kowane mazaunin bazara ya yanke shawarar kansa. A cikin kaka, ƙasa tana wadatar da abubuwa masu ma’adinai. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da taki a wannan lokacin.
A cikin kaka, humus kuma yana da karɓa, amma a lokacin hunturu zai juya zuwa taki.
Yana da kyau a zaɓi samfurin da ya fi arha. A cikin fall, superphosphate yana shiga cikin ƙasa. Bayan girbi, yana da kyau a dasa filin siderata. Ana amfani da Siderata yadda ya kamata ba kawai a cikin kaka ba har ma a cikin bazara.
