Tafarnuwa sinadari ce da ba ta canzawa a cikin adadi mai yawa na jita-jita na yau da kullun da abinci na biki. Mutane da yawa sun ƙi yin amfani da shi saboda kaifi na dandano. Yana da babban madadin: kayan lambu mai ban mamaki, wanda a cikin Rasha da wasu ƙasashen Turai ake kira ‘rockambol’. Sunanta na gaskiya shine tafarnuwa giwa.
Tafarnuwa giwa
Girmansa yana da ban mamaki sosai: nauyin kai yana da kimanin 200 g p., Girma a kan ƙasa mai laushi – har zuwa 400 gr. Haƙori yana auna 50-80 g., Suna da 4-6 a kai.
Halayen iri-iri
Tafarnuwa giwa ana kiranta tafarnuwa albasa, amma a zahiri tana da shekaru a cikin dangin albasa, dangi na kusa da leek. Haihuwar wannan al’ada mai ban mamaki ita ce Balkans. A cikin 40s, an kawo shi Amurka, yanzu mafi girma a duniya shine Peru. Ana samuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi na kudancin Turai, a cikin Crimea da arewacin Caucasus, a tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Bayanin shuka
A waje, shuka yayi kama da leeks. Tsawon 1.5-2 m (dangane da yanayin girma). Itacen furen yana da kambi tare da inflorescence mai siffar lilac. Yawancin tsaba ba su girma ba, amma yara suna tasowa a kasan kwan fitila, wanda za’a iya amfani dashi don haifuwa amfanin gona.
Duk da manyan kamanceceniya tsakanin tsire-tsire masu alaƙa, leek da tafarnuwa giwa suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa:
- Tafarnuwa giwa tana da ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano kaɗan da ɗanɗanon tafarnuwa,
- yana girma ya zama kai, ba farar tushe ba.
- girman kai: da kyar ya dace da hannun babba.
Kuskure na yau da kullun da masu lambu ke yi shine girma akan fasahar noma akan tafarnuwa, amma ya zama dole akan leek.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Tafarnuwa giwa tana da yawan amfanin gona sau 6 fiye da na amfanin gona na yau da kullun. Yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa:
- Ya ƙunshi bitamin B, C, E, K, PP,
- yana da kaddarorin antioxidant,
- da muhimmanci man yana da antibacterial, fungicidal, hypotensive da tonic effects.
Aikace-aikacen
Likitoci sun ba da shawarar tafarnuwa giwa don cututtuka masu yaduwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Amfani da shi yana taimakawa wajen magance anemia, matsalolin gastrointestinal tract, jini kuma ana amfani dashi don warkar da raunuka masu kamuwa da cuta, da kuma maganin anthelmintic. , abun ciye-ciye.
Halayen fasahar noma
Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar la’akari da waɗannan halaye:
- kasar gona dole ne ya zama m mai kyau, musamman a zurfin 3-5 cm (ciyawa yana taimakawa wajen adana danshi).
- muhimmanci.An tabbatar da ci gaban amfanin gona ta hanyar gabatar da kwayoyin halitta, takin mai dauke da nitrogen.
Cire peduncle baya haifar da haɓakar yawan amfanin ƙasa. A lokaci guda kuma, yawan ‘ya’ya’ yana karuwa, saboda haka ana bada shawara don aiwatar da irin wannan hanya don samun babban adadin kayan shuka. Wasu daga cikinsu suna zama a cikin ƙasa kuma suna hana shuka shuka. Lokacin girma na tafarnuwa giwa shine kwanaki 110-120.
Shuka
Ana iya dasa tafarnuwa giwa a cikin kaka da bazara. Winter yana samar da babban kai. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna masu sanyin sanyi, dasa shuki na fall na iya daskare.
Ƙasar da ta dace tana kwance, ana kula da ita sosai. Dole ne shafin ya kasance a buɗe, haskakawa.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, girbi mai kyau
Fall dasa
Kasar gona don dasa tafarnuwa giwa na hunturu ana fara shiryawa a watan Agusta ko Satumba. Suna kawo ruɓaɓɓen taki (20-50 kg a kowace 1 m2) kuma, in rashi, takin da ya fi girma. Idan ƙasa yumbu ne, ana yin ta da haske ta ƙara yashi da peat. Koyaya, ana sarrafa acidity: kada ya zama sama da 6.5-7.5. Don rage acidity, gari na dolomite ko lemun tsami yana warwatse a yankin.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana kula da hakora tare da shirye-shirye na musamman don amfanin gona na wannan iyali ko a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (12 hours).
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin saukowa shine a cikin rami. Girman su: zurfin – 30 cm, nisa – 20-25 cm. Ana sanya takin a cikin rami. Ana shuka hakora ana yayyafawa ƙasa. Ana iya ƙara wannan taki na halitta da superphosphate ko ash na itace. Ciki da ganyen bishiyar lambu zai kare dashen tafarnuwar giwa daga sanyi da samun tushe a kan kari. Kuma tare da dumi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsire-tsire ba za su yi girma ba. Lokacin da aka ba da shawarar don shuka shine makonni 3-4 kafin sanyi.
Shuka a cikin bazara
Kayan dasa shuki don shuka a cikin bazara ya fara shirye-shirye a gaba: a cikin makonni uku ‘harshen’ a zazzabi na 3-5 ° C, sannan ‘kore’, ajiyewa cikin haske na kusan mako guda.
An shirya ƙasa tun lokacin hunturu. Kafin dasa, ana sake tono shi ko kuma a sassauta shi da kyau. Ana aiwatar da saukowa da wuri da wuri, da zarar ƙasa ta tsaya tsayin daka kuma ta yi zafi har zuwa 6 ° C. Hakora suna zurfafa ta 10-15 cm (dangane da girman). Gadon ciyawa.
Cuidado
Bayan fitowar, ana shayar da gadajen tafarnuwa na giwaye da ruwan sanyi don kada su haifar da cututtukan fungal. Bai kamata a yarda bushewar ƙasa da takushewa ba, don haka ban ruwa da noma yakamata su kasance na yau da kullun.
Shuka yana amsa scabs. Ana bada shawara don takin amfanin gona sau uku a kowace kakar: bayan fitowar (ammonium nitrate iri), a lokacin tarawa mai yawa na kore taro (kwayoyin kwayoyin da urea), a lokacin samuwar kai (phosphorus takin mai magani -potassium ko itace ash).
Mafi yawan kwarorin shuka su ne kudajen albasa da miyan gizo-gizo. Don magance su, yi amfani da cakuda barkono na ƙasa, ash, da guntun taba (tsari akalla sau 2 a wata).
Ajiyayyen Kai
Girbi yana faruwa, dangane da yankin, – daga rabi na biyu na Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Alamar girma ita ce ganyaye masu launin rawaya da lodi.Tafarnuwa giwa tana adana daidai har zuwa Fabrairu a ƙarƙashin yanayi da yawa:
- kana buƙatar zaɓar yanayin bushe don girbi,
- Bayan yin haka, bushe a wuri mai dumi da iska, guje wa hasken rana kai tsaye. cikin wata daya,
- mataki na gaba shine yanke busassun ganye (bar kututture na kimanin 5 cm), yayin da kasa ba a yanke ba.
Ajiye a cikin kwalaye akan gado mai laushi mai laushi ko busassun sawdust. Rayuwar rayuwa: a zazzabi na 8 ° C – kimanin watanni 5, a dakin da zafin jiki – uku.
ƙarshe
Tafarnuwa giwa har yanzu ba a noma shi sosai a sararin samaniyar Tarayyar Soviet da aka karɓa, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga kulawa mai wahala da buƙatun shuka. Yana da wuya a sami ingancin dasa kayan.
Abubuwan da aka kwatanta da kulawa mai sauƙi na iya sa tafarnuwa giwa ta fi so tsakanin masu lambu da masu lambu. Bugu da ƙari, shuka yana da ado sosai a lokacin lokacin furanni.
