Dangane da yanayin yanayin yanayi mai saurin canzawa a cikin ƙasashen tsakiyar Turai da tsohuwar USSR, masu shayarwa sun fuskanci babbar tambaya game da girma dankali iri-iri, wanda ke da yawan amfanin ƙasa da jure yanayin yanayi mai tsanani. Masu kiwo daga Jamus sun sami gagarumar nasara a wannan al’amari. Musamman, bisa sakamakon binciken kiwo, ma’aikatan sun haɓaka nau’ikan da ake kira papa laura. Dangane da halayen sa da halayen sa, Laura ta cika cika ka’idojin da suka dace.
Dankali iri-iri Laura
A kan Saniye grado Laura
Wannan nau’in ya samo asali ne a tsakanin manoma a Turai – Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland da Jamus, duk da haka, bayan lokaci, Laura dankali ya zama mai sha’awar masu lambu na yau da kullum a Rasha, inda wannan iri-iri da sauri ya samu tushe. , har ma da matsi iri-iri. na jajayen dankali. Duk da haka, nau’in Laura yana da halaye guda ɗaya: dankali ba ya girma sosai a cikin ƙasa inda adadin baƙar fata ya yi ƙasa, da kuma a yankunan da ke da fari.
Bayyanar dankalin turawa
Dajin yana da matsakaicin girma, mai yawa. Shirye-shiryen ganye a kan daji shine matsakaici, irin wannan amfanin gona. Tsarin da farfajiyar takardar suna wrinkled. Ganyen suna da matsakaicin girma, koren launi. Gudun hijira yana da inflorescences da yawa. Furen tsiron fari ne da shuɗi mai haske. Nau’in dankalin turawa na Laura yana da ‘ya’yan itacen oval da ɗan elongated. An rufe tuber tare da kwasfa mai launin ja mai duhu, wanda shine halayensa na waje.
Irin wannan nau’in yana daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’in launin fata (kamar yadda kuka sani, tubers kuma ana rarraba su da launin fata).
Bambancin nau’in Laura yana da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya, yana nuna babban matakin sitaci a cikin ‘ya’yan itacen, matsakaicin kusan 16.4-16.5%. Wannan mai nuna alama yana nuna cewa Laura na cikin amfanin gona na sitaci, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga dandano. Idanuwan Laura matsakaita ne. Matsakaicin nauyin tayin shine gram 80-150. A tsawon, dankalin turawa yana da ‘ya’yan itace na 70 mm ko fiye.
Amfani da dankali Laura
Don amfani a cikin soyayyen ko dafaffen nau’in, ana iya amfani da nau’in Laura kafin ingantaccen balaga na fasaha, bayan kusan kwanaki 65-70, lokacin da girman tushen amfanin gona ya kai girma (kimanin 60-70 mm). Ana iya amfani da ‘ya’yan itace a matsayin abinci kawai idan fatar tuber ya rabu da sauƙi a lokacin tsaftacewa. Tsawon shekaru, tsarin aikin noma na shuka kayan lambu ya nuna cewa ana shuka iri na farko da na farko don manufar cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu tasowa a cikin abinci a gida da lambun gida. A wannan yanayin, lokacin girma nau’in Laura, dole ne ku bi wasu dokoki.
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shine kada a yi amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ake kira koren spots a saman ko lokacin da aka bazu. Waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba su dace da cin abinci da amfani da fasaha ba. Babban dalilin shan kashi na tubers da koren spots shi ne rashin ajiya na tushen amfanin gona a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma daidai high iska zafin jiki. abubuwa ga dabbobi da mutane. Kuma ko da yake wannan abu yana ƙunshe a cikin tuber a cikin ƙananan kuɗi, amma lokacin da waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da kayan lambu ba.Bayyanawa ga naman sa mai hatsi na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar mutum. Yankunan da suka fi dacewa don shuka irin waɗannan kayan lambu sune yankuna na tsakiya da arewa maso yammacin Tarayyar Rasha. Yawan amfanin wannan nau’in yana da girma sosai – daga daji ɗaya zaka iya samun manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa 15-20. Daga hekta daya, zaku iya tattara har zuwa 330 na ‘ya’yan itace cikakke. adanawa kuma yana riƙe da halaye masu amfani na isasshe na dogon lokaci. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kusan kashi 95% na tubers ana adana su daidai a duk shekara, dangane da yanayin zafin jiki daga digiri 1 zuwa 3 a cikin duhu da iska mai iska.
Halayen dandano
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da tasirin warkewa
Dankalin Laura nau’in tebur ne kuma ana rarraba shi a matsayin nau’in abinci na ‘B’, wanda ke nufin cewa ‘ya’yan itacen sun dace da mutum ko dabba. Saboda yawan adadin sitaci a cikin tushen tsarin, Laura ya dace da yin dankali mai dankali da musamman fries na Faransa, don haka yawancin Turawa da mazauna ƙasashen tsohuwar USSR suke ƙauna. Fries da aka yi daga Laura suna da ruwan hoda na musamman da kullun, suna da dandano mai kyau da ƙanshi.
Yana da dandano cewa Laura yana godiya da masana’antun, iri-iri na iya girma ba kawai don amfanin mutum ba, har ma don sayarwa a cikin masana’antu. juzu’i.
Bayanin ya nuna cewa irin wannan nau’in yana da nau’in halayen warkarwa ga jikin mutum. Idan aka ba da yawan adadin sitaci, ta hanyar cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa, wannan nau’in yana ba da tasirin antiviral ga dukan jiki. Ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai launin rawaya, tare da bawon ja, yana taimakawa wajen rage hawan jini kuma yana rage sukarin jini, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga masu ciwon sukari. Laura ya ƙunshi dukan hadaddun bitamin da ma’adanai, ciki har da phosphorus, calcium, bitamin B da C.
Shiri na tubers don dasa shuki
A matsayinka na mai mulki, dasa shuki wannan iri-iri yana farawa a watan Afrilu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai. Don shuka tubers, wajibi ne a shirya kayan iri a hankali. Don yin wannan, wajibi ne a ware tsaba da ake samu, cire tubers marasa dacewa don dasa shuki. Dukansu gurɓatattun samfurori da ƙananan ruɓaɓɓen samfuran ko cututtuka na iya zama marasa dacewa.
Mataki na gaba shine vernalization na tubers, wato, germination na harbe a cikin kwanaki 10-12 a rana ko a cikin haske. Sa’an nan kuma wajibi ne a bi da kayan dasa shuki tare da kayan aiki na musamman da aka halicce su bisa tushen jan karfe, zinc, boron ko manganese, da kuma aiwatar da pickling tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal na musamman. Ba abin mamaki ba ne don kula da tsaba tare da maganin gibberellin.
Noman dankalin turawa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dasa dankali, amma gabaɗaya ana amfani da manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: wannan shine ko dai tsefe ko hanya mai laushi. Tare da hanyar tsefe, don farawa, wajibi ne a shirya ƙasa: a hankali tono yankin da aka zaɓa, sannan a share ƙasa daga weeds kuma a daidaita shi da rake (yanke manyan ƙasa). Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau sosai, kuma don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana da kyau a yi takin ƙasa tare da humus ko taki.
Sannan kuna buƙatar datsa ƙasa da rake. Sa’an nan kuma kuna buƙatar amfani da shebur ko mai noma don yin ramuka don dasa tubers, bisa ga fasaha, yana da kyau a shuka tubers 5-7 a kowace mita madaidaiciya. Tare da wannan shuka, na Laura iri-iri, zaku iya samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bayan sanya tubers a cikin ƙasa, zaka iya ƙara ruwa kaɗan (kawai idan ƙasa ta bushe). Bayan an shayar da ƙasa, ya kamata kuma a datse ƙasa.
Kulawar dankalin turawa daidai
Lokacin da harbe-harbe na farko suka tsiro, bayan fitowar jiyya na bushes ya fara. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da hanyar da za ta ba da zuciya. A wannan mataki, yana da mahimmanci cewa shuka ba a rufe shi da weeds, daga abin da dankali dole ne a yi shi lokaci-lokaci. A wannan mataki, yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da bushes tare da abubuwan nitrogen. Muhimmin ma’auni na gaba na kulawa shi ne ciyar da takin mai ɗauke da potassium, saboda sau da yawa ba ya isa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke nufin haɓakar amfanin gona na iya raguwa sosai, kuma hakan zai shafi amfanin gona.
A matsayin mafi mashahuri takin potash, don wannan dalili, zaka iya amfani da kalimagnesia, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa a cikin lokacin girma, ƙara yawan sitaci a cikinsu, sabili da haka dandano. Hakanan zaka iya kula da shuka sau da yawa a kakar tare da magunguna daban-daban na rigakafin cutar, kamar cuproxate. Don magance ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, zaka iya amfani da fesa tare da kinmix miyagun ƙwayoyi.
