Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau’ikan amfanin gona na dare shine dankalin Limonka. Yana da dandano mai kyau, yana tafasa da kyau. An rarraba iri-iri a matsayin matsakaici-marigayi. Ana iya cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa na farko kwanaki 70 bayan bayyanar farkon harbe, amfanin gona yana shirye don ajiya a cikin kwanaki 100-120.
Bayanin dankalin turawa na lemun tsami
Halayen shuka
Dankali iri-iri Limonka ya zo mana daga Holland, inda masu shayarwa suka kira shi Picasso. An ba da sunan saboda dalili. Bayanin dankalin turawa yawanci yana farawa da launinsa wanda ba a saba gani ba. Ana fentin tubers launin rawaya tare da aibobi masu ruwan hoda, wanda yayi kama da bakon aikin mai zane.
Bayanin dankalin turawa:
- tsayi, m shrub tare da kara karfi,
- ganyen duhu kore ne, matsakaicin girmansa,
- inflorescences fari ne,
- daga daji guda zaka iya tattara tubers masu girma dabam,
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu siffar pear. Ana fentin harsashi a cikin haske mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin rawaya tare da tabo mai ruwan hoda. Lokacin da aka yanke, ɓangaren litattafan almara shine lemun tsami rawaya.
A cikin yanayi mara kyau, ‘ya’yan itacen suna samun ɗanɗano mai tsami. Dangane da duk ka’idodin agrotechnical, tushen amfanin gona yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi mai daɗi, suna tafasa da kyau yayin jiyya na zafi. Ana amfani da Lemon dankalin turawa don shirya kowane nau’in jita-jita, a kan sikelin masana’antu, ana shirya kwakwalwan kwamfuta daga gare ta.
Tushen amfanin gona ba sa girma a lokaci guda. Matsakaicin nauyin tuber shine 100-120 g. Daga sassa 100, zaku iya tattara har zuwa kilogiram 300 na tubers. An rage abun ciki na sitaci, don haka tushen amfanin gona yana adana daidai.
Amfanin
Dankalin Limonka yana dacewa da kowace irin ƙasa, amma yana buƙatar taki mai yawa. Saboda ƙarancin abun ciki na sitaci, an adana dankali daidai, yana jure lalacewar injin, don haka ana iya jigilar su zuwa nesa mai nisa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni shine kyawawan halayen dandano.
An rarraba iri-iri a matsayin matsakaici-marigayi, don haka yana jure matsanancin yanayin zafi.Lemon dankalin turawa yana da matsakaicin juriya ga cututtuka, sau da yawa yana fallasa kamuwa da cuta. Bugu da kari, yana da saukin kamuwa da cutar foliage.
Al’adu
Noman dankalin turawa Ana ba da shawarar shuka lemun tsami a wuraren da aka buɗe, ba ƙone ba. Duk nau’ikan nightshade sune tsire-tsire na photophilic, saboda haka suna ba da girbi mai kyau kawai lokacin da bushes ke haskakawa a ko’ina daga kowane bangare. Sashin ƙasa na shuka yana da girma, yana yadawa, bi da bi, ya kamata a yi tafiya tare da ramukan zuma fiye da sauran nau’in, kimanin 45-50 cm.
Ana iya shuka nau’in dankalin turawa na Limonka a kowace irin ƙasa. Tsiron yana amsa da kyau ga hadi na yau da kullun da sassauta ƙasa. Don kauce wa lalacewa na marigayi, ana bada shawara don bin ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona, wato, kada a dasa dankali a wuri guda har tsawon shekaru a jere, da kuma bayan tumatir, aubergines, barkono da beets.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Yana da kyawawa don wadatar da ƙasa kafin dasa shuki
A yankin da aka shirya dashen dankalin turawa, yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire na siderata ko kuma a ƙara maganin ciyawa. A cikin kaka, ana haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm kuma ana amfani da takin gargajiya. A matsayin taki a cikin fall, ana amfani da takin, superphosphates da mahaɗan ma’adinai. Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, ana ƙara gari na dolomite a wannan lokacin don tabbatar da amsawar tsaka tsaki.
A cikin bazara, kafin saukowa, dole ne a sake tono yankin kuma a kara abubuwan da suka dace. Yin amfani da sabon taki ba a ba da shawarar ba, in ba haka ba za a shafi dandano dankali. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ya kamata a yi aikin noman ƙasa nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, in ba haka ba yana yiwuwa a bushe saman Layer na sama, sa’an nan kuma harbe za su ci gaba da talauci. Ana amfani da abubuwan da suka ƙunshi fluoride da potassium a matsayin taki.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Ana ɗaukar tubers masu santsi kawai don shuka, ba tare da lalacewa ko lalacewa ba. Bayan girbi, dole ne iri ya zama kwayoyin halitta don kare shi daga rodents. Kimanin mako guda, ya kamata a bar tubers a cikin dakin dumi, mai haske, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don gyaran gyare-gyare. Ana girbe tsaba dankalin turawa don hunturu a kantin kayan lambu.
A cikin bazara, kamar wata daya kafin shuka, yakamata a cire iri, a bi da shi tare da maganin manganese ko wani maganin kashe kwari, sannan a fitar da shi. Germination zai ɗauki kimanin makonni 4. Don yin wannan, ana barin dankali a cikin dakin duhu a zazzabi na 18-20 ℃. Bayan lokacin da aka ware, yakamata a jera dankalin a jefar da shi ba tare da tsiro ba.
Shuka
Ya kamata a dasa dankali a lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 4-8 ° C, a farkon Mayu. Ana aiwatar da saukowa a daidaitaccen hanya a ƙarƙashin shebur. Nisa tsakanin ramuka shine 50 cm, tsakanin layuka 70. Wannan zai samar da yanayi mai kyau don cikakken ci gaban tsayi da tsayin daji.
Ana sanya fatun albasa a cikin kowane rami don kare tasoshin daga harin waya. Har ila yau, ana yayyafa dankali da toka kafin shuka. Yana da wadata a cikin potassium, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan ci gaban shuka.
Zurfin dasa zai dogara ne akan yawan ƙasa. A kan ƙasa mai haske, al’ada ce don shuka dankali zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm, a kan ƙasa mai nauyi – 5 cm.
Cuidado
Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hadi akai-akai
Ana ɗaukar nau’in dankalin turawa na Limonka mai jurewa fari, amma a yanayin zafi sosai yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ragu sosai. Idan ruwan sama bai yi yawa ba, ana shayar da shi kowane kwana 10. Zaɓin da ya dace shine tsarin drip, zai adana albarkatun ruwa kuma zai samar da tsarin tushen tare da isasshen danshi. Idan ana aiwatar da ban ruwa a cikin daidaitaccen hanya, ana zubar da ruwa tsakanin layuka a cikin furrows da aka kafa bayan tudu.
Dakatar da shayar da bushes kwanaki 20-30 kafin girbi. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sharuddan samun girbi mai kyau shine aikace-aikacen hadi akan lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, iri-iri suna amsa da kyau ga weeding da tudu. Shuka ya fara yin fure kawai a lokacin ci gaban Phytophthora, saboda haka yana da kyau a aiwatar da rigakafin rigakafi ko da a lokacin bayyanar harbe 20-30 cm kafin fure. Har ila yau, don rigakafin cututtuka na marigayi, suna yin aikin cire ƙananan ganye da harbe lokacin da yanayi ya yi zafi sosai.
Yin tudu da ciyawa
A karo na farko sowings ya kamata a sako bayan 2 makonni. Ana aiwatar da noman tsakanin layuka a zurfin 10 cm, tare da kawar da ciyawa. Lokacin da harbe suka yi ƙarfi kuma suka kai 15 cm, ana yin tudun farko.
Kwanaki 21 bayan hawan farko, ana aiwatar da na biyu. Ana bada shawara don sassauta bayan kowane ruwan sama da shayarwa, don kauce wa samuwar ɓawon burodi mai wuya a kan ƙasa, wanda zai tsoma baki tare da yaduwar iska ta al’ada. Don adana danshi na ƙasa a yankunan kudancin, ana aiwatar da mulching lawn.
Abincin
Halayen alamun ingancin dankalin turawa za su inganta sosai idan duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don hadi sun cika. Baya ga takin zamani a lokacin noman rani da shuka, shuka zai buƙaci ciyar da shi sau 3 a duk lokacin kakar.
Aikace-aikacen taki:
- Lokacin da harbe suka kai 15 cm, kafin tudun farko, yi urea,
- a lokacin budding, yi bayani na ash ko mahadi na potassium,
- na ƙarshe lokacin lokacin fure, nitrophosphates tare da zubar da kaji ko takin saniya.
Ana amfani da suturar saman a cikin nau’in ruwa, kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin bushes. Wata daya kafin girbi, ana dakatar da takin. Bai kamata a yi amfani da taki ba, musamman taki, in ba haka ba dandano dankalin turawa zai fi muni.
Cututtuka
Kayan amfanin gona yana da juriya ga hare-haren nematode kuma yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi ga:
- ɓawon burodi,
- ciwon daji,
- fusarium da wasu cututtuka.
Abin baƙin ciki shine, nau’in dankalin turawa da ba a kai hari da ƙwaro na dankalin turawa na Colorado ba, da kuma cututtukan fungal, har yanzu ba a haifar da su ba. A amfanin gona ne resistant zuwa marigayi blight na tubers, amma terrestrial na wannan cuta sha wahala akai-akai. A cikin wuraren da ke fama da cutar ta ƙarshe, ana rage yawan aiki da kashi 70%. A farkon alamun cutar, nan da nan cire sassan da aka shafa na shuka kuma ƙone su. A matsayin maganin rigakafi, zaka iya amfani da Phytosporin, Bordeaux 1% ruwa ko maganin Ziram.
Wani shuka yakan sha wahala daga ƙwayar cuta na leaf roll. Mafi sau da yawa, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a lokacin shuka ta hanyar iri, don haka duk tubers dole ne a sha kafin magani. Bugu da ƙari, cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta sukan kawo kwari. Abin takaici, babu magani ga ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa, don haka ana buƙatar prophylaxis a cikin lokaci. Kyakkyawan dandano da yawan aiki ba sa barin kowane mai shuka dankalin turawa ba ya sha’ani.A cikin fa’idodin, lambun lambu suna lura da juriya ga cututtuka da yawa, ingancin kulawa mai kyau da ikon jigilar amfanin gona mai nisa.
Irin nau’in yana da tsayayya da matsanancin yanayin zafi kuma maras kyau ga abun da ke cikin ƙasa, don haka ana iya dasa shi a kowane yanki. Dankali na wannan nau’in yana buƙatar hadi da shayarwa. A cikin yanayi mara kyau, inganci da yawan amfanin gona yana raguwa.
