Mafi kyawun kayan lambu da babu uwar gida da za ta iya yi ba tare da ita ba shine dankalin turawa. Akwai iri-iri iri-iri da suka bambanta da juna ta fuskar ripening, dandano, siffar da launi na tubers. Amma nau’ikan da suka dace da girma a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban kuma a lokaci guda ba sa rasa halayen ɗanɗanonsu sun shahara musamman ga masu lambu. Daya daga cikin wadannan nau’ikan shine Dankali Luck. Bayanin daji da halaye na dankalin turawa Lucky zai taimake ku zaɓi wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
Halayen nau’in dankalin turawa Suerte
Siffofin da halaye
Dankali iri-iri Luck na cikin nau’in tebur kuma yana da wasu halaye.
- Yana da lokacin girma da wuri.
- Yana jure fari da zafi.
- Iri-iri yana da amfani sosai, yawan amfanin samfurin cikin sauƙi ya kai 50t / ha.
- Wani daji yana ɗaukar har zuwa tubers 20, kuma nauyin gwangwani na tubers ya kai 150 g.
Ba fiye da kwanaki 90 ba daga dasa shuki na tubers a cikin ƙasa kuma kafin girbi. Ko da kun fara girbi tubers watanni 1.5 bayan dasa shuki, zaku iya samun dankali da wuri – 20t / ha.
Bayanin shuka
Dajin yana girma har zuwa 50 cm, nau’insa ya tsawaita, yayin da ya ƙunshi mai tushe 6 zuwa 8. Duk mai tushe suna da kauri ganyaye. Siffar ganye yana da sauƙin rarraba, kamar dankalin turawa. Launin ganyen ganye ya cika, koren duhu.
Dajin yana fure sosai. Furen sa fari ne, a cikin hanya mai sauƙi gama gari ga al’adun Solanaceae. Ana tattara su a cikin goge-goge maras kyau. Bayan pollination, ‘yan berries suna ɗaure da tsaba. Masu kiwo suna amfani da tsaba azaman kayan shuka lokacin ƙirƙirar sabbin iri.
Fa’idodin Daraja
Sa’ar dankalin turawa yana da fa’idodi da yawa.
- Tubers fara tsiro a 10 ° C.
- A cikin dogon lokaci na ajiya, gabatarwa da dandano sun kasance.
- Dankali yana da tsayayya ga lalacewa kuma ya dace da hanyar girbi na inji.
- Tsiron yana da kariya ga yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta daga amfanin gonakin dare. .
- Wannan dankalin turawa baya rasa siffarsa da dandano yayin kowane magani na zafi.
Ikon jure wa matsanancin yanayi yana sa ya yiwu a shuka tubers a cikin Afrilu a cikin yankuna na tsakiya. Kuma a arewacin kasar, ana canza kwanakin shuka zuwa tsakiyar watan Mayu.
A cikin yanayin hunturu mafi kyau duka, ana adana tubers har sai sabon girbi. Yanayin zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama irin su ba.
Sa’a na dankalin turawa yana da rigakafi ga irin waɗannan cututtuka:
- ɓawon burodi,
- rizoctonia,
- crumpled mosaic,
- dare inuwa amfanin gona ciwon daji.
Kwayoyin cuta ba safai suke shafar shuka ba. Bisa ga ra’ayoyin masu amfani, za mu iya cewa wannan nau’in dankalin turawa yana cikin mafi dadi iri. Yana da kyau don soya, yin burodi, da mashing dankali.
Nasara iri-iri
Iri-iri yana da ƴan aibu
Idan aka kwatanta da yawan abũbuwan amfãni, wannan dankalin turawa yana da ‘yan kasawa kawai.
- Lokacin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar ci gaba don kada a sami tsiron tsiro.
- Ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki a yanayin zafin ƙasa aƙalla 15 ° C.
- Za a iya shafar shrub ta ƙarshen kara da busassun ganye, alternariosis, da nematodes na zinariya.
Idan mai tushe na daji ba zai sami ‘yancin ci gaba ba, za su kasance na bakin ciki, wanda zai shafi noma sosai.
A ƙananan yanayin zafi, tushen tsarin ba shi da kyau. Wannan ya zama dalilin da yasa ‘yan tubers suna daure. Saboda haka, ko dai girbi zai yi guntu ko kuma balagaggen dankalin zai kara tsawon lokaci.
Yadda ake shirya shuka dankali
Kafin dasa dankalin turawa, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa akwai ƙasan da aka shirya daidai, wani lokaci zaku iya gudanar da nazarin sinadarai game da ƙasa kuma tantance kasancewar abubuwan gano abubuwa masu amfani a cikinta. Amma, lokacin da ake shuka kayan lambu a kan wani yanki na sirri, mai shi dole ne ya san lokacin da aka yi amfani da takin gargajiya da sauran abubuwa a baya. Tare da ƙididdiga daidai, za ku iya ƙarawa da ƙarawa zuwa shirye-shiryen ƙasa wanda bai isa ba don cikakken girma na tsire-tsire.
Wajibi ne a duba ingancin dankalin turawa tsaba da gaban sprouts a kan tubers. Hakanan zai zama mahimmanci don rarraba kayan shuka bisa ga girman tubers. Wannan wajibi ne don kada a dasa ƙananan dankali mai zurfi kamar manyan.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Babban ka’idar shuka dankali shine juyawa amfanin gona.A wuraren da aka shuka sauran amfanin gona na inuwar dare, bai kamata a dasa dankali har tsawon shekaru 4 ba. Mafi kyawun magabata don wannan zai zama legumes, wanda ke tara nitrogen a cikin yankin rhizome. Wajibi ne ga duk tsire-tsire, ba tare da togiya ba, don girma.
Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka ta hanyar tono zurfi, amma kafin haka kuna buƙatar ƙara har zuwa buckets 40 na humus da ɗari. Sa’an nan kuma zai yi laushi kuma dankali zai iya samar da tubers kyauta. Kafin dasa shuki dankali, dole ne a bi da ƙasa tare da urea: 1 kg ga kowane 10 m² na yanki.
Shirye-shiryen kayan iri
Shirye-shiryen dankalin turawa ya ƙunshi maki da yawa.
- Zabi kananan tubers, ba lalacewa ta hanyar rot.
- Saka su zuwa germinate wata daya kafin dasa.
- Zazzabi dole ne ya zama aƙalla 18 ° C.
Don dasa shuki akan wuraren da aka zaɓa, tubers suna yin la’akari fiye da 80 g, lafiya, a cikin bayyanar. Amma dankalin da aka yi sa’a yana girma sosai, don haka ana yanke su guda kafin shuka. Ana yanke yankan tare da tuber tare da wuka mara kyau, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata harbe mai taurin kai.
Idan akwai aƙalla idanu 4 a cikin kowane rabo, wannan zai isa ya samar da daji. Yanke ya kamata a ƙura da toka na itace ko a bar lokaci ya bushe.
Bayan haka, ana sanya delenki a cikin kwalaye tare da bakin ciki mai laushi kuma an sanya shi don girma. Lokacin da akwatunan suka haskaka, tubers za su tara solanine, wanda zai taimaka musu wajen yaki da kwari, wani lokaci, don yin tushe da sauri, tubers suna sanya su a cikin kwalaye a cikin ƙasa.
Noman dankalin turawa
Tubers idanunsu a bude
Halayen nau’ikan iri-iri da maganganun ƙwararrun masu aikin lambu suna ba da shawarar cewa a dasa tsire-tsire a gefuna na ƙasa yumbu. Don samar da raƙuman ruwa don tsayinsu ya zama akalla 20 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin su shine kusan 80 cm. Sabili da haka, zai zama mafi kyau don dumi tushen kuma inganta damar samun danshi, idan akwai shayarwa.
A cikin yankunan da baƙar fata ke da yawa, girma a kan ridges bai dace ba. Za a iya riga an shirya shafin a cikin layuka, wanda nisa bai kamata ya zama fiye da 70 cm ba. Mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin bushes shine 25 cm.
Dangane da alamar, suna tono ramuka, tare da zurfin kusan 8 cm. A cikin kowane ɗayansu, zaku iya ƙara ɗan ɗanɗano na ruɓaɓɓen mullein gauraye da toka. Ana sanya tubers a kansu, an ɗaga idanu kuma an rufe su a hankali tare da ƙasa, ƙoƙarin kada su karya harbe masu rauni.
Kula da shuka
Idan mai lambu ya yanke shawarar shuka dankali Luck, to, bayanin kula da saukowa zai taimaka wajen tsara aikin daidai. Kula da shuka ba shi da wahala.
- Wajibi ne a cire ciyawa da sassauta ƙasa.
- Kuna buƙatar shuka bushes yayin da yake girma.
- Ana iya takin shuka har sau 3 a lokacin girma.
- Kula da kwaro ya zama dole a kowane lokaci, da kuma rigakafin cututtuka.
Bayan fitowar, sako yana faruwa, yana lalata ciyawa. Yi shi a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata ɓangaren ƙasa na shuka kuma ba tare da fallasa tsarin tushen ba.
Shuka shukar hadi
Lokacin da daji ya kai tsayin 20 cm, ana iya yanke shi. Kafin wannan, a cikin yanki na mai tushe, ammonium nitrate an tarwatsa ta 0.5 kg ta 10 m² na yanki. Lokacin gaggawa, takin mai magani zai fadi a ƙasa, inda za su narke ƙarƙashin aikin danshi. Lokacin da lokacin bushewa, ana shayar da shuka kuma yana tabbatar da cewa ƙasan da ke kusa da bushes ba ta zazzagewa.
Sauran magungunan da ake amfani da su don takin dankali sune potassium sulfate, superphosphate, da garin dolomite. A cikin cakuda: 20 g na potassium sulfate, da 30 g na superphosphate, da 500 g na garin dolomite, 20 g na ammonium nitrate za a iya ƙara. Waɗannan abubuwan an haɗa su zuwa kilogiram 10 na humus, gauraye gaba ɗaya kuma sun warwatse kusa da bushes yayin tudu na biyu. Tsakanin tufafin saman yana ɗaukar kusan kwanaki 10.
Kula da kwaro
Idan wurin da aka girma iri-iri na Luck bai girma sosai ba, zaku iya tattara ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado da hannu kuma ku lalata shi. ƙwainsu A cikin manyan wurare, ana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya don yaƙar wannan kwaro ko fesa ciyayi da sinadarai.
Hanya mai ban sha’awa ita ce yayyafa bushes tare da masara ko gypsum.Da zarar a cikin ciki na beetles da tsutsa, gari ya kumbura da simintin gypsum. Wannan ya kai ga mutuwarsa.
Don fitar da beetles kuma a lokaci guda takin tsire-tsire, zaku iya amfani da urea. A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, an gabatar da 100 g na urea kuma an fesa bushes.
Daga cikin sinadarai da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa kwari da dankalin turawa, muna iya ba da shawarar Prestige, wanda ake amfani da shi don magance tubers kafin shuka. Ana fesa tsire-tsire da ganye tare da Kwamanda, Confidor, da Tanrek maganin kwari. Ruwan sama ba ya wanke su kuma suna dadewa dangane da tasirin su akan kwari da tsutsa.
Yaki da cututtuka
Ana sarrafa sa’a na dankalin turawa daga ƙarshen blight na yawan kayan lambu, Fitosporin. Don hana yaduwar fale-falen buraka, ana amfani da man ma’adinai na Sansprey 11 E.
Masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta ƙananan kwari ne, musamman aphids. Ta hanyar fesa shukar da magungunan kashe kwari da lalata aphids, masu lambu za su ware ‘yar yuwuwar ƙwayoyin cuta su shiga yankinsu daga lambunan makwabta waɗanda za su iya kamuwa da cutar.
ƙarshe
Lambu kafin kafa kitchen tebur fi so dankalin turawa yi jita-jita, bukatar girma. Bi ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona da kula da shuka, za ku sami girbi da wuri.
Daban-daban Fortune za su ji daɗin ku da manyan tubers, waɗanda za a iya dafa su da ganye da kirim mai tsami a lokacin da wasu nau’ikan dankali ke haɓaka koren taro. Kyakkyawan adana tubers da dandano wanda ba ya ɓacewa a kan lokaci zai ba ku damar jin daɗin jita-jita da kuka fi so a kowane wata na shekara.
