Yawancin nau’in dankalin turawa na farko an adana su sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin lambu sun fi son shuka nau’in matsakaicin marigayi. Daya daga cikinsu shine Papa Sonny. Irin nau’in ya bayyana ne sakamakon zaɓin da aka fi so kuma har yanzu ba a haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Tarayyar Rasha ba. A cikin labarin, za mu yi la’akari da bayanin irin dankalin turawa Sonok.
Bayanin Papa Sonny
Halayen dankalin turawa
Dankalin Sonny yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Babban fasalin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) juriya ga lalacewar injiniya,wanda zai ba ku damar jin dadin dankalin gida duk tsawon lokacin hunturu kuma kuyi amfani da su don ayyukan kasuwanci.
Halayen dandano suna da girma. A cikin noma, iri-iri ba su da kyan gani, yana da tushe daidai a kowane yanayi, wanda ya sa ya zama mai ban sha’awa ga masu lambu a kasarmu, kodayake ba a haɗa shi a cikin rikodin zaɓin ba. Halin nau’in iri-iri yana rarraba shi a matsayin matsakaici mai jure rashin lafiya. Dan dankalin turawa ba ya iya kamuwa da scab dankalin turawa, nematodes, ciwon daji.
Bayanin shuka
A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa yana girma ta hanyar yada dogayen ciyayi. Tsayin tsire-tsire ya kai 60 cm. Flowering yana da yawa, saman ya kasance kore har sai girbi.
Ganyen shrubs suna da haske kore, matsakaici a girman. A cikin ƙasa mai albarka, ganye za su fi girma. Inflorescences ƙananan furanni ne. Akwai ‘yan berries. Tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi yana ba ku damar samun dankali 40 daga daji ɗaya.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
Ana iya siffanta ‘ya’yan itace da halaye masu zuwa:
- a matsakaici, dankalin turawa yana kimanin 90 g;
- ‘ya’yan itatuwa fari ne idan an yanke su.
- abun ciki na sitaci a cikin tubers shine matsakaici,
- harsashi ruwan hoda ne, tare da tsarin raga.
- siffar tubers ne lebur-oblong,
- lokacin maturation daga lokacin shuka shine kwanaki 140.
Shuka
Irin dankalin turawa Sonny na iya girma a kowane yanayi. Amma don haɓaka yawan aiki, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan yanayin ƙasa, samar da matsakaiciyar ruwa da takin akan lokaci. A cikin ƙasa mai albarka, shuka yana ba da ‘ya’ya mafi kyau.
Dole ne wurin sauka ya kasance da haske sosai. Tare da wurin ruwa na ƙasa kusa, ya kamata a yi tsarin magudanar ruwa. Kada ku shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da iska ke busa, in ba haka ba manyan saman za su karye. Har ila yau, ba a ba da shawarar dasa tubers dankalin turawa a wuri ɗaya na shekaru da yawa a jere.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Dole ne a shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki
Shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki don farawa a cikin fall. Dole ne a kara takin ma’adinai da takin gargajiya a cikin ƙasa. Bayan haka, ana yin rami mai zurfi.
A cikin bazara, ana sake haƙa ƙasa kuma ana yin alamomi. An bar nisa tsakanin ramuka a 50 cm, tsakanin layuka – 70 cm. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a cire duk weeds.
Ana iya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na humus da ash lokacin dasa. Ya kamata a dasa iri kawai a cikin ƙasa mai dumi da ɗanɗano. Don ingantaccen ci gaban shuka, kuna buƙatar bin duk ƙa’idodin agrotechnical da gabatar da masu kula da haɓakawa cikin lokaci.
Zaɓin tsaba
Dole ne a zaɓi iri bayan girbi. Ana ɗaukar tubers masu santsi ne kawai ba tare da lalacewar bayyane ba. A cikin Maris, ana cire dankali daga cellar kuma an lalata shi da mafita na musamman. Bayan haka, tsarin germination yana farawa.
Tushen amfanin gona suna barin cikin ɗaki mai dumi kuma bayan kusan wata ɗaya sprouts sun bayyana akan su. Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers, ana bada shawarar yin alama a cikin wani bayani na ammonium nitrate da superphosphates na sa’a daya.
Shuka a cikin ƙasa
Ana ba da shawarar shuka dankali a lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi zuwa 4-5 ℃. Yawancin lokaci saukowa yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu. Daga baya, ana yin shuka a yankunan arewa, amma a cikin waɗannan lokuta ana samun ƙananan tubers. Zai fi kyau shuka dankali da kuma rufe dasa shuki tare da kayan rufewa.
Zurfin ramin zai dogara ne akan irin ƙasa. Wannan misali ne akan 12cm. Idan ba zai yiwu a yi isasshen takin mai magani ba, ana sanya dankali a nesa mai nisa daga juna.
Ana sanya danyen takin da aka hada da cokali guda na ash a kowane rami. Yayyafa ramuka akan datti sannan a rake wurin. Da zarar an gama aikin shuka, yakamata a kula da zafi kuma a ba da kulawa mai kyau. Lokacin girma tubers don tsaba, nisa tsakanin bushes shine 20 cm. Wannan yana ba ku damar samun ƙananan dankali mai yawa.
Yadda ake kulawa
Shuka yana buƙatar noma na yau da kullun
Irin dankalin turawa na Sonny zai ba da girbi mai kyau idan an samar da shi tare da yanayin girma mafi kyau a farkon matakan noma da ciyawa na yau da kullun yana ba shi damar kula da yanayin danshi na yau da kullun da wadatar ƙasa da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da harbe har zuwa 20 cm tsayi ya bayyana akan gadaje, ya kamata a yi tudun farko. Tsawon shinge a kan ƙasa mai nauyi shine 12 cm, a cikin tazarar 15 cm.
Idan zai yiwu, ƙasa tana cike da ciyawa. Wannan motsi yana ba ku damar kula da mafi kyawun yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi mara kyau kuma rage yiwuwar haɓaka cututtukan fungal. A tsakiyar layi, bayan mulching, babu buƙatar ruwa.
Ana yin suturar saman foliar makonni 2 bayan fitowar. Sa’an nan kuma ana yin sutura kafin flowering da kuma makonni 2 bayan. Bayan ‘yan kwanaki bayan hazo da watering, ana aiwatar da sassautawa. Wannan yana hana samuwar ɓawon ƙasa kuma yana haɓaka musayar iska.
Ayyukan
An yi amfani da amfanin gona a cikin ƙasarmu saboda kyawawan halayen dandano da yawan yawan aiki. Idan kun bi duk ka’idodin kulawa da fasahar noma daga daji 1, zaku iya samun tubers 40 na girman iri ɗaya.
Matsakaicin nauyin 1 tuber shine 85-90 g. Amma, tare da kulawa mai kyau, za su iya auna har zuwa 500 g. Dangane da wannan halayyar, iri-iri sun sami suna na biyu Bogatyr.
Girbi da ajiya
Tushen tsarin tushen dankalin Sonny yana da ƙarfi, wanda ke guje wa matsaloli da yawa tare da girbi. Babban fa’idarsa shine juriya ga lalacewar injina.Ko da tubers da aka yanke ta felu ana adana su daidai a duk lokacin hunturu, ba sa kamuwa da lalacewa.
Tsaftacewa gabaɗaya yana faruwa daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. Amma, wannan lokaci ne na kimanin lokaci, saboda yanayin yanayi, halaye na tashi da lokacin saukowa zai shafi lokacin tattarawa. Babban ma’auni wanda aka ƙaddara shirye-shiryen tubers don girbi shine saman. Idan ya fara mutuwa, to lokaci yayi da za a tono dankali.
Kafin yin tono kayan lambu, ya kamata a cire saman, jira kwanaki 10. Idan yanayin ya ba da izini, zaku iya fara tsaftacewa. Kada a cire tushen tushen nan da nan a cikin ginshiƙi. Da farko, ana ajiye su a cikin rana na tsawon sa’o’i da yawa, sa’an nan kuma an jera su cikin kwalaye kuma a bar su tsawon wata guda a cikin daki mai bushe. Bayan haka, zaka iya aika tubers zuwa kantin kayan lambu.
Ta yaya zai yi zafi
Bayanin iri-iri yana ba da ra’ayi game da yiwuwar cututtuka na amfanin gona. Juriya ga marigayi blight shine matsakaici, saboda haka, a karshen watan Yuni, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da maganin rigakafi tare da magungunan da ke hana ci gaban cutar. Bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, ana bada shawarar tattara ƙananan ganye da harbe.
A shuka ne sau da yawa hari da aphids, Colorado dankalin turawa beetles, wireworms. Kashe kwari tare da maganin kwari. Don hana cututtuka da hare-haren kwari, duk iri dole ne a kashe su.
Kalaman Lambu
Bayanin halaye iri-iri na dankalin turawa Sonny yana ba ku damar shuka shi a kowane yanayin yanayi, wanda ke sa ya zama kyakkyawa ga masu lambu a cikin ƙasarmu. Mutanen da suka dade suna noma iri sun gamsu da sakamakon zaben. Babban fa’ida shine ƙarancin ƙarancin amfanin gona ga cututtukan fungal.
Iri-iri na tsakiyar kakar na Sonny yana da ƙimar dandano mai girma da kuma ingancin kiyayewa. Ko da dankalin da aka lalace ta hanyar tono ana adana shi daidai duk tsawon lokacin hunturu. A cikin yankin tsakiya, nau’in iri-iri yana da cikakkiyar keɓe daga ban ruwa, kamar yadda cikakken bayanin ya nuna. Tare da aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya na yau da kullun, zaku iya samun dankali har zuwa 500 g. Sonny ita ce mafi mashahuri iri-iri a Rasha, ko da ba tare da an saka shi a cikin Rijistar Kiwo na Jiha ba.
