Sarrafa tsire-tsire a kowane takarda wani lokaci ya fi inganci da sauri fiye da kowane aikace-aikacen tushen. Yaya ake yin feshin tumatir kuma me yasa ake bukata? Za mu yi nazari dalla-dalla kan muhimman batutuwan taron noma.
Dokokin fesa tumatir
Me yasa hakan ya zama dole?
Kayan lambu suna shan abubuwa ba kawai daga sassan ƙasa ba, har ma ta hanyar foliage. A cikin tumatir, wannan ƙarfin yana haɓaka sosai. Tsire-tsire suna amsawa da raɗaɗi ga rashin abubuwan ganowa, bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi. Tare da ƙara yawan zafi, ana kunna fungi, kuma a cikin zafi, ana iya ƙone tushen tare da takin mai magani.
Ko da ƙasa mai kyau da takin mai magani ba zai iya ciyar da ɗimbin ƴaƴan ƴaƴan tumatir ba har sai tsakiyar kakar.
Sarrafa ganye shine taimakon gaggawa ga tumatir. Taki, masu kara kuzari da fungicides suna shiga cikin sel nan da nan, suna guje wa dogon lokaci na sha ta cikin ƙasa. Magungunan sun fara aiki a cikin sa’o’i biyu na farko, kuma ba bayan kwanaki 10 ba, kamar yadda yakan faru.
Tufafin foliar yana da tasiri a kowane mataki na ci gaban amfanin gona. Tsire-tsire masu rauni sun fi ɗaukar microelements kuma suna da sauri samun bayyanar lafiya. Kada ku yi shi ba tare da fesa ganye a lokacin furanni da ‘ya’yan itace ba: tsire-tsire suna sha kawai abubuwan da ake bukata kuma kada ku tara nitrates.
Gina Jiki
Idan kayan lambu ba su da haɓaka kuma ba su da kyau a bayyanar, to muna bada shawarar canzawa tsakanin aikace-aikacen tushen da foliar. Yayin da abubuwan gina jiki suka isa sassan karkashin kasa, manyan sassan da sauri suna sha kawai abin da suke bukata. Ana aiwatar da tsari a cikin yanayin girgije ko da dare, lokacin da rana ba ta kasance kamar haka ba.
Alamomin rashi
Rashin kowane nau’i na sau da yawa yana tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan yana bayyana musamman a cikin koren taro da matakan samuwar ‘ya’yan itace. Tabbas, a kowane yanayi akwai keɓancewa, amma duk alamun ƙarancin tsari ne.
- Nitrogen Ganyen yana juya rawaya a kusa da gefuna sannan ya faɗi. Jijiyoyin da ke cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ɓangaren sama suna ɗaukar launin ja-blue.
- Magnesium. Ana nuna rashin amfani a cikin nau’i na farantin nade.
- Phosphorus Sassan iska na shuka suna yin duhu, suna samun launin kore-shuɗi. Ganyen yana da lahani, mai tushe ya zama mara ƙarfi, tushen ya bushe.
- Potassium. Kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙarancin magnesium, ganyen suna murƙushewa kuma suna juya rawaya a gefuna.
- Boron. An karkatar da sassan sama kuma furanni sun faɗi ba tare da samuwar ovaries ba.
- Zinc. Brown launin toka spots bayyana a kan shuka, wanda ya juya zuwa necrosis. Siffar faranti kuma tana canzawa kamar rashin magnesium.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa wuce haddi na kowane abu yana da haɗari kamar rashi. Shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da Nitrogen suna kunna ƙoƙon ƙoƙon don lalata ‘ya’yan itace. Tumatir kuma suna da mummunar ɗabi’a ta tara abubuwan gano abubuwa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin nau’in nitrates.
Rashin ƙarfe (chlorosis) yawanci ana kuskure don ƙarancin nitrogen. Tare da chlorosis, ganye kuma suna juya rawaya. Suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ƙarancin nitrogen, masu lambu suna fara ba da ammonium nitrate ko urea sosai. Karancin Nitrogen yana bayyana ne musamman a cikin ƙananan ganye, wato, a wannan yanayin, ganyen ƙananan matakin ya fara fara rawaya, yayin da manyan sassan tsire-tsire suka juya launin rawaya tare da ƙarancin ƙarfe.
Fara girma
Yin fesa zai taimaka ci gaban shuka
Nitrogen shine mafi mahimmancin bangaren da ke da alhakin ɗaukar sauran ma’adanai. Tare da ƙarancin abu, tsire-tsire suna juya kodadde da bakin ciki, foliage suna samun launin rawaya.
Fesa tumatir tare da maganin urea yana da tasiri mai amfani akan ci gaban shuka. Don yin wannan, ana tayar da teaspoon a cikin guga na ruwa kuma a zuba a cikin kwalban fesa. Ana aiwatar da hanyar bayan dasawa zuwa wurin ci gaba da ci gaba da kuma kafin fure. Ka tuna cewa samfurin yana contraindicated a lokacin kafa sprouts da tumatir.
Phosphorous yana taimakawa wajen samuwar tushen kuma yana inganta ingantaccen ci gaban shrub. Tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin shuka, shuka yana daina shan nitrogen, wanda ke yin illa ga rigakafi da ripening ‘ya’yan itace. Duk abubuwan da aka gano da al’adun shuka ke buƙata suna cikin shirye-shiryen nitrophosco. Ana diluted tablespoon na samfurin a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, sannan a sanya shi a kan takardar.
Ba mu ba da shawarar masu son taki don amfani da humus don fesa ba. Biohumus ya fi dacewa da sarrafa hula fiye da taki ko zubar da kaji. Tabbas, ba a mai da hankali sosai ba, amma bayan hanya yanayin yanayin shuke-shuke da ƙasa yana inganta.
Flowering da fruiting
Da zarar harbe ya bayyana a kan bushes, ya kamata ku ci gaba da sauri zuwa mataki na gaba. . A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar kuɗi don inganta ingancin pollen da ovaries. Ana amfani da boric acid sau da yawa azaman taki na micronutrient, wanda:
- yana ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga ‘ya’yan itace,
- yayyafa ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da sukari,
- yana kare kariya daga kwari da cututtuka.
Kada ku yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Borofoska, wanda aka tsara don shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi. Acid yana da arha fiye da taki kuma yana barin ƙananan burbushi akan shuka. A cikin lita 1 na ruwa mai zafi, ana diluted gram ɗaya na foda. A matsakaici, ana cinye 10 ml na maganin kowace daji. Abubuwan da suka faru suna faruwa a lokacin lokacin bayyanar da yawan furanni.
Don inganta samar da ‘ya’yan itace, ɗayan da aka tabbatar da maganin gida shine toka na itace. Don shirya hood, zuba gilashin abu tare da ruwan zãfi, nace don rana ɗaya, tace kuma ƙara ruwa zuwa guga. Sakamakon sakamakon an yayyafa shi a hankali tare da tumatir, ganye da mai tushe. Idan kun ƙara girke-girke tare da 20 ml na aidin, ripening na tumatir zai hanzarta.
Karfafawa
A cikin kowane tsire-tsire akwai wasu nau’ikan phytohormones waɗanda ke da alhakin haɓaka, fure ko samuwar ‘ya’yan itace. A kan waɗannan abubuwa na halitta, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro analogues na wucin gadi. Ƙananan allurai na samfuran halitta suna da tasiri mai amfani akan tumatir. Tabbas, ba za su maye gurbin kayan abinci mai gina jiki ba, amma za su taimaka wa amfanin gona don jimre da yanayin damuwa.
Epin
Kyakkyawan kayan aiki don daidaitawa da yanayi mara kyau: kunar rana a jiki, sanyi da zafi. Amfanin abu shine cikakken rashin guba ga mutane da dabbobi, babu wani ‘al’ada’ da aka tara a cikin kyallen takarda da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Don amfani, ya isa ya tsarma 10 saukad da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin lita na ruwa. Tun da abubuwa masu aiki sun rushe a karkashin hasken ultraviolet, duk aikin yana gudana bayan faɗuwar rana.
Zai fi kyau a yi hanya da dare
‘Epin’ ba zai iya kawar da rashin nitrogen, magnesium ko potassium ba, amma zai yiwu a rage sakamakon da shuka zai haifar. Godiya ga mai kara kuzari, ana aiwatar da dashen tsire-tsire ba tare da rikitarwa ba da kuma mutuwar tsire-tsire. Kada ku shiga cikin magani, in ba haka ba amfanin gona mai yawa zai daina samar da kwayoyin halitta da kansu.
Zircon
Kyakkyawan activator na girma, tushen samuwar da flowering, yana ƙara juriya ga cututtuka masu haɗari kamar marigayi blight da powdery mildew. Ba kamar Epin ba, wannan wakili yana taruwa a cikin kyallen takarda, don haka dole ne a auna kashi da adadin feshin daidai. Ana ƙara digo uku na miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa lita na ruwa mai dumi, bayan haka ana kula da tsire-tsire.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ana kunna abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin hasken rana, ana aiwatar da hanyoyin da safe. Ana cire zircon a hankali daga tumatir, bayan haka za’a iya sake maimaita taron. Ba mu bayar da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan hormonal da yawa a lokaci guda ba.
Tratamiento
Duk yadda manoma ke kula da kayan lambu, kuskure ɗaya ya isa ga cututtuka su bayyana.Cututtukan na barazana ga tumatur daga tsiron har zuwa lokacin girma. Bai isa kawai a sha ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen ba ko fesa samfuran da abin ya shafa da sinadari. Idan kun lura da alamun naman gwari a cikin lokaci, akwai damar kawar da cutar ba tare da jin zafi ba da sauri. Abubuwan da aka tattara sun rufe ganye kuma baya barin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin sawdust na ciyawa don shiga cikin tsire-tsire. An fi amfani dashi don rigakafi da magani:
- ciwon baya,
- Brown spots,
- macrosporiosis.
Don hana cututtuka, 40 g na HOM an diluted a cikin guga na ruwa, an haxa tsire-tsire kuma an fesa su sosai. Idan kun ga alamun farko na rashin lafiya, to adadin jiyya yana ƙaruwa. Ana gudanar da aikin noma da safe ko maraice, mafi kyau a cikin sanyi, yanayi mara iska. Magungunan ba su da kariya daga ruwan sama, sabili da haka, bayan ruwan sama, ana maimaita matakan. An haramta amfani da fungicides a lokacin fure da samar da ‘ya’yan itace.
Fitosporin
Kyakkyawan kayan aiki don magance cututtukan fungal. Abubuwan da ke aiki suna hana haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙarshen cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na powdery mildew. Bugu da ƙari, guba, ana samun acid humic a cikin abun da ke ciki, wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani akan tushen tsarin.Babban amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi shine ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da shi don kare tsire-tsire.
Ana iya amfani da wakili don kula da tsire-tsire a lokacin furanni da kuma lokacin ripening ‘ya’yan itace. Babban hasara shine ƙarancin juriya ga ruwan sama. Bayan ruwan sama, muna ba da shawarar sake fesa, ba manta da zubar da wurin ciyawa ba – a kusa da saman sawdust.
Don aiwatar da ganye a cikin guga na ruwa, 5 g na Fitosporin-M an diluted, gauraye sosai kuma a zuba a cikin kwalbar fesa. Tsakanin matakan rigakafi shine makonni biyu. A cikin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ana maimaita ayyukan kowane kwanaki 10 har sai an cire alamun da ake gani.
ƙarshe
Don shuka kayan lambu masu lafiya, kuna buƙatar sanin menene hanyoyin da suke wanzu da kuma dalilin da yasa suke zama dole. . Idan kuna fesa tumatir akai-akai tare da kayan abinci masu gina jiki, masu kara kuzari ko na magani, a ƙarshen kakar za ku sami girbi mai yawa.
