Duk da rikicewar da aka tara a cikin shekarun da suka gabata tare da sunan “Cactus Kirsimeti,” daya daga cikin cacti da aka fi sani da ido a cikin gandun daji, epiphyllus, ya kasance abin so na duniya. Matakan epiphiles ba tare da ganye ba, tare da mai tushe mai tushe kuma mai ban sha’awa fure mai ban sha’awa, tare da rataye buds da furanni masu laushi, ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu mallakar su. Hardy da kuma dogon lokaci, da kyau kafa a cikin dakuna, za su iya zama mafi haske flower succulent a kowane tarin.
Epiphyllum ‘Wendy’. Ofishin Manoma-Uinsurance.com mai sauqi
Abun ciki:
Epiphyllums – bayanin shuka
Daga cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, yana da wuya a sami tsire-tsire, sunan wanda zai haifar da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice kamar tsakanin wakilan jinsin. Epiphyllum (Epiphyllum). Wadannan cacti wani lokacin sun ɓace daga ɗakunan ajiya, wani lokacin sun gundura, amma a cikin duk tarihin ba su taɓa barin yanayin furen fure ba.
Da zaran sunan epiphils ba a gurbata da amfani: sunan wannan cactus an dangana ga Schlumberger, Ripsalidopsis da kusan duk zygocactus. An cire Phyllocactus daga sahu sannan kuma an haɗa su. Kuma a yau, a cikin kasida, epiphiles sau da yawa suna kuskure ga Schlumberger, kodayake a gaskiya wannan shuka yana da bambanci.
Hanya mafi sauƙi don bambanta epiphiles daga danginsu ita ce ta fure. Duk wani aiki na epiphiles maras ganye ga cacti ganye ba daidai ba ne, kodayake kuskure ne na kowa.
Epiphytes sun sami sunansu daga furanni masu fure kai tsaye a kan ‘ganye’ daban-daban, mai tushe mai siffar leaf, waɗanda a cikin wannan cactus galibi suna kuskure ga ganyen sauran epiphytes na daji. Shahararrun laƙabi suna kiran su kona cacti, sannan masu siffar ganye, sannan cacti orchid.
A cikin yanayi, ana rarraba epiphytes a ko’ina cikin duniya a cikin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, inda suke zama a matsayin manyan epiphytes a cikin gandun daji mai laushi akan lianas da woody.
Epiphils dwarf shrubs ne marasa ganye tare da faɗuwa maimakon harbe-harbe. Waɗannan su ne ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun epiphytes marasa ganyaye da kuma alamar dukkan rukunin gandun daji na cacti. Tushen harbe-harbe na kwarangwal a hankali yana daidaitawa, suna canza siffar daga lallausan zuwa zagaye ko triangular.
Tsawon epiphils ya bambanta daga rabin mita zuwa 100 cm, ainihin girman shuka yana ƙaddara ta tsawon harbe. Epiphils ba su taɓa “kumburi” ko ƙamshi ba. Manyan furanninta da dogayen mai tushe suna bayyana manya, kuma shuka kanta na iya yadawa kadan.
A cikin ci gaban epiphyllum, ana furta lokacin barci, yana dawwama daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, lokacin da girma ya sake dawowa. Ba tare da ƙirƙirar yanayi masu kyau ba a wannan lokacin, cactus ba zai yi fure ba.
Jindrich Shejbal
Leafy harbe na epiphiles.
Epiphyllum mai tushe ba ya rarraba a cikin rayayye, amma tsoffin kwarangwal harbe suna sakin sabbin matasa masu tushe da yawa, kama da manyan ganye masu kauri. Suna girma a tsaye da farko kuma sun kasance masu laushi sosai, amma a hankali suna murɗa cikin ganyen layi.
Epiphils ba sa samar da bushes mai yawa ko da shekaru, amma adadin mai tushe yana ci gaba da karuwa, kamar yadda girman girma ya ke. Suna da ƙanƙara sosai, da wuya sosai: madaidaicin triangular, mai wuya, amma har yanzu suna da nama, dogo, yaduwa ko faɗuwa. Matsakaicin matsakaici maras ban sha’awa bluish koren launi daidai yana jaddada kyawun furanni kuma yayi kyau sosai.
Mai tushe, saboda girman girmansu da lanƙwasa, suna kama da siffa mai ganye, duk da gefen wavy ko serrated filigree na kwatankwacin duk cacti epiphytic. Kashin baya ba ya samuwa akan tsire-tsire masu girma.
Epiphyllums ba sa sakin ganye na gaskiya, saura, kodayake daji, amma cactus maras ganye. Amma suna samar da tushen iska kai tsaye a kan mai tushe, wanda mafi yawan cacti epiphytic ba zai iya yin fahariya ba.
Flowering da fruiting na epiphytes.
Epiphyllums suna fure sosai, suna farawa a watan Mayu kuma suna ƙare faretin su zuwa ƙarshen lokacin rani. Yawancin lokaci wannan cactus yana fure daga shekara ta uku. Epiphyllums da ke fure a Kirsimeti ana cire su ta hanyar wucin gadi tare da canji a cikin lokacin barci don daidaita lokacin fure. Amma na al’ada epiphytes su ne rani flowering shuke-shuke.
Su, ba kamar yawancin cacti masu fure ba, suna cikin matakin bullowa na dogon lokaci mai ban mamaki. Daban-daban a cikin siffar, girman (daga 3 cm zuwa kusan 35 cm) da tsari, furanni masu siffar mazurari na epiphiles tare da isasshen dogon bututu na iya zama ɗaya ko sau biyu. Amma har yanzu suna kama da girma da kamawa.
Makullin yana kusan tsayi ɗaya da furen, tare da koɗaɗɗen launi, ƙananan ƙanƙara kore. Epiphils suna da siriri guda goma, nunin lobes na perianth na waje waɗanda ke samar da cikakkiyar da’irar ko ɗan lanƙwasa baya. Furen lanceolate tare da gefuna masu zagaye madaidaiciya, suna samar da fure mai siffar mazurari wanda a hankali ya buɗe.
Duk da cewa tsayin lobes na ciki da na waje daidai suke, har ma da epiphiles monochromatic suna da tasirin kundi na waje ko da’irar waje wanda furen marmari ya kwanta. A cikin pharynx, kyawawan, tsararru a cikin layuka biyu, ganuwa masu haske da dogon farin pistil ana iya gani sosai.
Manyan furannin epiphyllus suna bushewa da sauri kuma suna kan shuka na kwanaki 2-3 kawai. Amma adadi mai yawa na buds suna ba da damar cactus suyi girma ci gaba kuma irin wannan rashin ƙarfi na furen gabaɗaya kusan ba shi yiwuwa.
Kusan duk epiphiles suna da ban sha’awa da ban sha’awa ba kawai kyawun tsarin ba, har ma da tsananin ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Gamut ɗin launi na epiphyllus ya haɗa da dukkan inuwar “cactus” na al’ada, daga ja mai haske, wanda yawanci ke hade da furen epiphyllus, zuwa fari, cream, orange, ruwan hoda, purple, har ma da nau’in lilac. Efifil masu launin ja suna bayyana suna cin wuta a cikin wuta, amma ko da launi daban-daban, tasirin raƙuman ruwa, ruwan ruwa, gajimare, ko harshen wuta suna ci gaba.
Ba kamar mai tushe ba, ovary da bututun epiphils suna rufe da ƙaya da gashi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na epiphils za a iya samu kawai tare da wucin gadi pollination na shuke-shuke. Abubuwan ci, masu kyau da jajayen ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu haske suna ƙawata cactus ba ƙasa da furanninta ba.
Nau’i da nau’in epiphiles.
Ba a samun nau’ikan epiphils a cikin tarin gida a yau. Duk da kasancewar kusan nau’ikan nau’ikan Epiphyllum kusan 20, nau’ikan da ke girma a Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka ba kasafai ake amfani da su azaman tsire-tsire ba.
Epiphylae na nau’ikan da ke faruwa har yanzu sun haɗa da:
- Kaifi Epiphyllum (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) Kyakkyawan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda zai iya girma har zuwa 2 linear. Wannan epiphyllum ya shahara saboda ƙamshi.
- Ya ga epiphyllum (Epiphyllum creanatum) Cactus ne mai ban mamaki, mai yawa, mai harbe har zuwa tsayin mita 1, yana samar da bushes kusan diamita iri ɗaya. Matsakaicin launin kore na lebur buds yana haɗuwa tare da kyakkyawan gefen jagged mai haske da yalwar furanni, yana haifar da tasirin ruwa.
Amma duk da haka, yawancin shuke-shuken da za a iya saya su ne nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) da aka samo ta hanyar ƙetare nau’in nau’in cereus daban-daban. Suna gabatar da ingantattun halaye, galibi ɗimbin furanni da girma. Amma mafi mahimmanci shine ikon yin fure ba kawai da dare ba, kamar danginsa na daji, har ma don nuna furanni masu ban sha’awa a cikin rana.
Sau da yawa, nau’ikan nau’ikan epiphyllum ana lakafta su da ma’ana, kamar phyllocactus (Phyllocactus).
A halin da ake ciki, epiphiles sun kasu kashi cikin ampelous, tare da daji, harbe-harbe rataye, tare da madaidaiciya da harbe harbe kawai tare da shekaru. Na biyun sun kasu kashi na sama da kasa, kuma “dwarfs” sun kusan kori manyan takwarorinsu.
Ana zaɓar Epiphytes koyaushe ta hanyar fure – sautin launi, girman da tsarin furanni, waɗanda suka bambanta da iri daban-daban. Mafi kyawun nau’ikan epiphytes sune rawaya-flowered. Sakamako и George Faransa, rawaya mai duhu Sarki midas, kore Nicole, rawaya tare da ƙwanƙwasa furanni masu rikitarwa Sarauniya Anne, ruwan hoda Prado Rosa, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda Wendycanza launi daga ruwan hoda zuwa violet iri-iri Impello, ruwan hoda leonado Madras Ribbon, orange-lilac iri-iri Pegasus, iri-iri ja-fure roka sararin samaniya da sauransu
Yanayin girma na epiphiles na cikin gida.
Haske, amma ba epiphiles masu son rana ba zai zama ɗaya daga cikin cacti mafi sauƙi don girma, idan ba don buƙatun sanyi mai sanyi ba. Haske da yanayin zafi maras amfani suna da mahimmanci don bunƙasa wannan cactus.
Haske da sanyawa
Ba kamar mutane da yawa masu ban sha’awa ba ga fitilu masu haske a lokacin lokacin furanni na cacti, epiphyllum yana tabbatar da matsayin gandun daji, yana girma da kyau, kuma yana fure a ko’ina mai haske ko inuwa mai haske. Ba ya yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye a kan windows na kudu (kuma yana da kyau a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana), amma ba lallai ba ne a sanya epiphils kawai a kan windowsill.
A lokacin lokacin furanni, ba za a yarda da shi don rage hasken wuta ba, sake tsara tsire-tsire daga taga (amma ana iya ƙarawa a matakin budding). A cikin hunturu, ya fi dacewa don daidaita hasken wuta don kula da yanayin da aka saba.
Yanayin zafi da tsarin iska
A lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki, epiphiles sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin cacti mafi ƙauna mai zafi. Suna jin dadi a yanayin zafi, amma ba sa tsoron zafi, idan dai an shayar da su sosai.
Lokacin barci na epiphiles ya kamata a gudanar da shi a wuri mai sanyi, a cikin kewayon zazzabi na digiri 10-15. Canjin gaggawa ba abin da ake so; idan ana so, ana rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin fall a hankali. Cool wintering yana daya daga cikin manyan yanayi don fure. Amma zai yi wuya a cimma nasara ba tare da rage haɗari ba.
Epiphils babban masoyan iska ne, suna iya mutuwa a cikin rufaffiyar dakuna ba tare da samun iska na yau da kullun ba. Idan kawai yanayin ya ba da izini, wannan cactus zai fi son ci gaba da samun iska ko motsawa zuwa baranda mai buɗewa, terrace, a cikin lambun da ke ƙasa, a cikin inuwa, an kiyaye shi daga hazo.
Epiphyllus wanda ya shafe lokacin rani a cikin lambun bisa ga al’ada ya fi girma fiye da takwarorinsu da ke zama a cikin dakuna a lokacin mafi zafi, kuma suna girma da sauri.
Kulawar epiphyllum na gida
Wannan ba ƙaƙƙarfan wahala ba ne don kulawa, abin mamaki saboda yanayin son danshi. Ya fi son yin shayarwa akai-akai a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki kuma ba zai ƙi ko da ladabi ba, amma ciyarwa akai-akai. Dangane da ingantaccen zaɓi na yanayi don lokacin bacci, girma epiphyllum zai kasance mai sauƙi har ma ga masu noma.
Ban ruwa da iska zafi
Duk da kasancewa na cacti, epiphyllum yana jin tsoro sosai cewa substrate zai bushe, kuma a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki, ya zama dole don tsara shayarwa don substrate ya kasance mai ƙarfi da ɗanɗano.
Ana yin ban ruwa tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwa, amma saman 2-3 centimeters na ƙasa galibi ana ƙoƙarin bushewa a cikin kwantena. Yawan shayarwa yana ƙara haɗarin zubar ruwa da ruɓewar tushen kuma wannan shuka yana jure masa muni fiye da matsakaici, amma akai-akai.
Juyin mulki zuwa lokacin dormant tare da ban ruwa mai ban sha’awa wanda kawai ke tallafawa turgor na mai tushe, wanda ya bambanta da ban ruwa a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki, ya zama santsi ga epiphiles. Sun fara rage shayarwa bayan kammala hadi, a hankali suna rage yawan ruwa da yawan ruwa.
A kowane lokaci na shekara, dole ne a yi shayarwa a hankali, ba tare da shayar da mai tushe ba kuma nan da nan ya zubar da ruwa daga pallets.
Baya ga hanyoyin da aka saba, epiphiles suna buƙatar matakan tsabta na yau da kullun. Ya kamata a cire ƙura daga saman harbenku, buds waɗanda ba su yi fure ba ba za su ƙi yin shawa ba ko jiƙa cikin ruwa na tsawon sa’o’i 2-3.
Wannan cactus yana jurewa kuma yana son fesa, wanda ake yi lokacin da tsarin dumama ke gudana kuma cikin bushewar iska a lokacin rani. Amma ga epiphylae ya zama dole a yi amfani da finely tarwatsa “nebulous” nozzles.
Takin da takin abun ciki
Ko ta yaya epiphyllum ya yi fure, har yanzu shuka ce mai mahimmanci ga wuce gona da iri. Ana yin suturar da aka fi so ne kawai a lokacin lokacin haɓaka aiki, kammala su a watan Agusta don shirye-shiryen al’ada na cactus don hunturu. Za’a iya yin suturar saman tare da mitar mitar, amma rage yawan takin mai magani sau 2-3, ko kuma da wuya, sau ɗaya a wata. Don epiphils, ana ciyar da abinci ne kawai ta hanyar ruwa kuma kawai bayan shayarwa.
An fi son takin mai magani na musamman don cacti da succulents, waɗanda za a iya canza su tare da takin gargajiya a lokacin rani.
Gyara da siffar epiphiles
A cikin wannan cactus na gandun daji, pruning shine kawai tsafta. Damaged, elongated da wadanda ba flowering harbe, bushe, kamar yadda maras kyau, yawanci gaba daya cire a cikin bazara, stimulating da girma da sabon flowering rassan. Yanke sassan “ganye” gabaɗaya yana kaiwa ga mutuwarsu a hankali.
Dasawa, kwantena da substrate
Epiphyllums suna son kwanciyar hankali kuma ba sa jure wa dasawa da kyau. Ana yin shi ne kawai lokacin da shuka ba ta da inda za ta yi girma, a kowace shekara yana maye gurbin kawai saman saman ƙasa mai gurɓataccen ƙasa.
Abin sha’awa, yana da kyau a dasa wannan shuka ba a lokacin da aka saba ba, amma bayan fure: daidaitawa kafin lokacin bacci yana ba ku damar samun fure mai yawa. Amma dashen epiphyllus a watan Fabrairu abu ne mai karɓuwa sosai.
Epiphyllums, ba kamar yawancin cacti ba, suna son ƙasa mai arzikin humus. Za su gwammace su girma akan dan kadan acidic, high quality, drained substrates waɗanda suke da ɗan kauri fiye da na al’ada succulent substrates, ko da yake suna da kyau ga epiphiles.
Bugu da ƙari ga yashi na wajibi, dole ne substrate ya ƙunshi peat acid, sphagnum, ƙaho da ash ash. Idan ƙasa ta haɗu da kanta, don epiphylae, ƙasa mai ganye, humus da ciyawa suna haɗuwa a daidai sassa.
Epiphils suna buƙatar tsaftacewa, saboda bushes ba su da sauƙin tallafawa. Lokacin dasa shuki, ba zai yiwu a zurfafa shuka ba, barin matakin wuri ɗaya. Bayan dasawa, epiphils bai kamata ya ci abinci ba. Idan an aiwatar da su bayan fure, ana ciyar da abinci a cikin kulawa kawai a cikin bazara. Idan ba a shirya dashi ba, a baya fiye da makonni 5-6 bayan wannan hanya.
Cututtuka, kwari da matsaloli a cikin ci gaban epiphyllum.
Ba shine mafi wuya na cacti ba. Epiphytes sau da yawa suna fama da mites, aphids, da kwari masu sikelin. Bugu da ƙari, aphids suna ƙaunar epiphiles na furanni kuma, sama da duka, suna tsoratar da su lokacin fitar da su a waje. Don kare tsire-tsire, ya zama dole don haɗawa da bi da kwari tare da bio ko na yau da kullun, da daidaita yanayin tsarewa, ƙara zafi da aiwatar da hanyoyin tsabta.
Daga cikin cututtuka a cikin epiphiles, ana samun rot sau da yawa, har ma a lokacin, idan dai sun kasance a cikin sanyi, tsarin zubar da jini. Za a iya magance su kawai ta hanyar dasawa tare da cire sassan da suka lalace.
Haihuwar epiphyllum
Babban hanyar yaduwa na epiphytes shine cuttings. Daga tsaba, wannan shuka kusan ba a girma a gida.
Epiphyllus yankan an yanke daga karfi, matasa, m harbe. Yawancin lokaci an yanke mai tushe a cikin guda 4-6 cm, ana kula da yanke tare da gawayi kuma yana barin su bushe don kwanaki 2-3, har sai wani fim mai yawa ya fito a wurin yanke. Tsayawa mai haɓaka haɓaka yana haɓaka tsarin tushen tushen.
An samo asali a cikin yashi, mafi kyau duka a cikin yashi mai laushi ko kogin, precalcining shi, a ƙarƙashin murfin ko fim, kiyaye danshi na ƙasa da haske da kwanciyar hankali. Tare da adadi mai yawa na kayan shuka, ana iya aiwatar da tushen a cikin ruwa, zurfafa ƙananan sassan da 1-1,5 cm.
