Orchids sun dade da zama alamar tsire-tsire na gida tare da furanni masu kyau. Luxurious da m, suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma suna ba da sha’awar kyawawan furanni waɗanda ba za a iya samun su kawai ba. Kuma saboda kyawun su, yawancin masu shuka furanni suna shirye don jure wa matsalolin kulawa da ƙirƙirar yanayin girma na musamman, kuma sun yarda da gaskiyar cewa ganyen duk orchids ba su da ban mamaki. Amma akwai keɓancewa ga duk ƙa’idodi: a cikin babban dangin orchid kuma akwai tsire-tsire, wanda mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ba furanni bane, amma ganye. Saboda kyawunsu, suna tunawa da duwatsu masu daraja, ko nau’in ƙarfe iri-iri, cike da cikakkun bayanai na kayan ado, waɗannan orchids an yi musu laƙabi da “mai daraja.”
Maccodes petola. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com 2.5JIGEN
Ba su da sauƙi a samu, amma kowane tsire-tsire ba zai iya jurewa ba. Duk da yake ba za a iya rarraba su azaman dabbobin gida marasa rikitarwa da rashin buƙata ba, kyawawan kyawawan nau’ikan waɗannan nau’ikan sun cancanci zama daidai da mafi kyawun furanni na orchids.
Abun ciki:
Kyakkyawan nau’ikan nau’ikan foliage na orchids
Orchids ba su da fa’ida fiye da rashin amfani. Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da palette mai launi da ba a saba gani ba da tsari da sifofin furanni masu kyan gani. Amma ba a ƙara sanin su da ƙauna ga takamaiman yanayin girma, manyan buƙatun kulawa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan rashin amfani na duk orchids ana daukar lokaci mai iyaka na kayan ado. Lokacin da kyakkyawan furen ya ƙare, tsire-tsire suna ɓacewa nan take a cikin tarin kuma ba sa ficewa daga sauran amfanin gona a yanayin hunturu. Amma akwai ban mamaki ga wannan doka. Orchids masu daraja ko bambance-bambancen suna kasancewa masu ban sha’awa duk shekara kuma suna kama da sabo a kowane lokaci.
Amma har yanzu, babban fa’idar waɗannan rare, amma ba mafi capricious orchids, shi ne mafi ban mamaki foliage, wanda ba ta wata hanya ta kasa da kyau ga furanni na mafi rare jinsunan. Ba za a iya ba da sunan koren da ba na rubutu ba na orchids masu daraja. Daban-daban, mai ban mamaki, nan da nan ya kama ido tare da wasan kwaikwayo na sabon abu da tunani na veins waɗanda a zahiri ke haskaka ganye. Ana kiran waɗannan orchids masu daraja saboda gaskiyar cewa rubutun ganye yana tunawa da duwatsu masu daraja da jijiya na karafa masu daraja. Sunan na biyu na wannan rukuni na ƙaramar orchids na ado shine mafi girman suna “Orchids iri-iri”.
Menene orchids masu daraja?
Jewel Orchid su ne ƙananan nau’in ƙasa na dangin orchid. Ba tare da togiya ba, duk tsire-tsire na wannan rukunin orchids ƙanana ne kuma masu tarawa. A cikin yanayi, ana iya samun nau’ikan orchids a Madagascar, Australia, Kudu da Gabashin Asiya. Waɗannan nau’ikan nau’ikan ganye ne, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da kayan marmari, azurfa ko gwal ɗin gwal, tarunan tawul da maƙallan ƙira.
Suna da ainihin ceri, launin toka, kore mai duhu ko launin kore mai haske haɗe tare da bambancin yanayin haske. Amma abin da bambance-bambancen orchids tabbas ba zai iya yin alfahari da shi shine kyawun fure ba. Yana da ƙasa da cikakken duk wakilan dangin orchid, amma a lokaci guda har yanzu yana iya mamakin cikakkun bayanai. Kyawawan orchids suna samar da ƙananan furanni masu sauƙi, galibi fararen fata, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin gungu na inflorescences.
A gaban bangon velvety karfe kore, furanni suna bayyana annuri da ban mamaki mai sauƙi, amma bambancin yana haɓaka kyawun su kuma yana jawo hankali ga manyan fa’idodin shuka. Amfanin waɗannan nau’ikan babu shakka shima ƙamshi ne mai ƙarfi.
Nau’in orchids masu daraja
Duk da cewa kusan nau’ikan kyawawan nau’ikan 220 ana iya samun su a cikin yanayi, wasu ‘yan jinsuna ne kawai suka bazu a cikin noman ɗaki. Ƙungiyar orchids na cikin gida mai daraja ta haɗu da nau’ikan tsire-tsire guda 6, ba duka ba ne. Shugabannin uku da ba a jayayya ba tsakanin orchids masu daraja sune Ludiziya (Ludisiya), Maccodes (macodes) DA Anectohyl (anoectochilus). Kadan sau da yawa a cikin tarin za ku iya samu dosiniya (dosiniya), zeuksine (zeuxcine) DA gudu (adios), kodayake launuka masu ban sha’awa suna kama da su.
Makodes (macodes) – epiphytes sympodial ko terrestrial orchids tare da harbe-harbe masu rarrafe, sun kai tsayin 7-8 cm kuma suna girma sosai. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’ikan orchids masu daraja. makodes petola (macodes petola) – tsire-tsire masu ban sha’awa waɗanda ke samar da cikakkiyar ganyen oval har zuwa 7,5 cm tsayi tare da kyakkyawan gefen nuna da balaga. Kore mai duhu, kore mai haske, Emerald ko launin toka na faffadan ganyen ganye yana ratsa ta ta jijiyoyi masu tsayi, tsakanin abin da alamu iri-iri suka bambanta tare da kyakkyawan yanar gizo.
Saboda haɗuwa na musamman na sautunan launi, yana bayyana kamar dai an yi ado da ganyen makodes tare da yadin da aka saka na zinari ko fashewa. Wannan orchid yana iya samar da har zuwa 20 fari-launin ruwan kasa, ta hanyoyi da yawa furanni waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba waɗanda ke tashi a kan dogayen peduncles a cikin fall. Bayan flowering, tsohon rosette ya mutu, yana samar da matakai na gefe.
Idan petola makodes a tsayi bai wuce 7-8 cm ba, to ya fi girma kuma mafi kyawun gani. garkuwa (Maccodes sanderiana) yana da tsayi mafi girma (daga 15 cm), ganye fiye da 15 cm tsayi da kuma tasirin jan ƙarfe na ɗigon haske.
Dosiniya (dosiniya) yayi kama da makodes. Amma yana da manyan ganye da jijiyoyi marasa kyan gani. A cikin noman ɗaki, nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i-nau’). dossinia marmara (dossinia marmorata).
Wanda aka fi sani da hemaria (haemaria), kuma a yau ta sami sunanta na shari’a лудизииO Ludiziya (Ludisiya) An gabatar da orchid mai daraja don siyarwa don nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) nau’i_abu_abu_wa_ #orchid_ord_orchid)] ana gabatar da shi don siyarwa don nau’in nau’in nau’in iri ɗaya. ludisia mai launi daban-daban (ludisia discolorar), muna da bambance-bambancen sunan Ludisia mai launin launi da bicolor.
Gemaria ko ludisia shine shuka mafi ƙarfi fiye da makodes. Yana da harbe-harbe masu rarrafe tare da ganyen oval tare da kyawawan gefuna masu nuni, wanda kuma ke nuna alamu masu ban sha’awa. A bayan manyan ganyen ganye masu duhu, masu simmetrical da fararen jijiyoyi masu asymmetric na azurfa sun bayyana, suna tsaye. Layukan haske suna haskakawa da bangon kyawawan inuwar zaitun ko shunayya mai ban sha’awa. Juyin ganyen yana da haske mai launin shuɗi, wanda ya bambanta da kyau tare da kyawawan alamu a saman. Wannan shuka yana samar da furanni masu laushi waɗanda ke samar da kyawawan inflorescences lacy.
Ludisia kanta ko da yaushe alama a matsayin mai daraja, m da sarauta aristocrat. Ludisia yana da yawa iri da kuma siffofin: daga cikin shahararrun m ruwan kasa tare da ruwan hoda jijiyoyinmu ‘Dawsoniyana’ zuwa dusar ƙanƙara farifitowar rana’, baki da azurfa’Odina’ da yawan iri’karammiski’ – duhu kore tare da haske ratsi na ludisia ‘Green karammiski’, EsmeraldaEmerald Velvet ‘, bluish’Jade Velvet’, bluish’Sapphire Velvet’, violet fure ‘Red karammiski’, azurfa’Azurfa karammiski, fadama’Jasper Velvet’.
Anectochil, o Anektokhilus (anektokhilus, anoectochilus) ba zai wuce 15 cm tsayi ba kuma an yi masa ado da azurfa ko veins na zinariya. Hanyoyin da ke kan ganyen koren ko kore-launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana kamar tsagewa, suna nuna daidaitaccen rubutu mai sheki da siffa mara lahani na ganyen ovoid tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Wani lokaci jijiyoyi suna rufe ganye da yawa ta yadda launin tushe a zahiri ba zai iya gani ba. Ganyen ya fi girma fiye da na makodes kuma orchid da kansa ya samar da rosette mai yawa. Amma abin da ya fi mamaki game da wannan orchid shine inflorescences masu tsayi masu tsayi waɗanda ba su dace da shuka kanta ba, tare da goga mai laushi na furanni marasa rubutu.
Musamman kayan ado iri iri ne kyau anectochilus (anoectochilus formosanus), Anectochilus a Roxburgh (anoectochilus roxburghii, har yanzu ana rarraba wasu nau’o’in a kasarmu da sunan sarauta anectochilus (Anoectochilus asalin) DA anechochylus mai tsiri (anoectochilus vittata). Kasa gama gari anektokhilus Sikkim (anoectochilus sikkimensis, yau an sake horarwa a cikin gajeriyar lebe anectochilus (anoectochilus brevilabris).
Abin lura kuma anectomia (anoecomaria) – matasan da ba su da duk rashin amfani na anectochilus don kulawa, baya buƙatar lokaci na hutawa.
Goodayera ko goodieraadios) flauns karin nama da kyau sosai ganye masu daraja fentin a cikin wani iri-iri na tabarau na kore. Rosettes suna da girma kuma suna daɗe na shekaru da yawa. Jijiyoyin waɗannan orchids ba ƙarfe ba ne, amma ruwan hoda ko fari, ƙasa da yawa kusan shuɗi. Goodayera Erizada, ko hispidasannu hispida) Ita ce mafi shaharar nau’in. Kasa gama gari mai kyau rarrafe (wallahi sake tunani), ja mai kyau (ban kwana reticulata) DA furry mai kyau (ban kwana pubescens).
Kula da gida don orchids masu daraja
Saboda ƙarancinsu da matsayinsu a matsayin tsire-tsire masu daraja, bambance-bambancen orchids galibi ana ɗaukar su ɗaya daga cikin rukunin mafi wahala na orchids don girma. Amma wannan ra’ayi gaba daya rashin adalci ne. Abin sani kawai don waɗannan nau’in ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar takamaiman yanayi da kula da kwanciyar hankali da zafin jiki na iska. In ba haka ba, ba shi da wahala a shuka su ko da a cikin gida. Idan kun tattara orchids, zaku iya amfani da nau’ikan nau’ikan masu daraja don sake cika nau’ikan tsire-tsire a cikin florariums, nunin furanni, ƙananan gidaje. Amma yana yiwuwa a shuka bambance-bambancen orchids a cikin greenhouses da a cikin gidaje na yau da kullun.
Haske don motley orchids
Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce zabar haske mai dadi don orchids masu daraja. Wadannan nau’ikan suna da hoto, amma suna buƙatar hasken wuta, ba za su iya jurewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba, kuma ba sa yin da kyau har ma da hasken inuwa. Makodes da goodiera ne kawai aka yarda da su tare da shading, wanda ya fi ban sha’awa lokacin girma a cikin dakuna. Amma a lokaci guda, suna girma daidai da kyau a ƙarƙashin hasken wucin gadi gaba ɗaya kuma a cikin yanayin yanayi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙarin hasken wuta na iya maye gurbin tsarin kulawa na yau da kullum, ana iya sanya orchids masu daraja ba kawai a kan sills taga ba, har ma a cikin ɗakuna masu duhu a cikin gidan (alal misali, a cikin gidan wanka ) ko a baya na ciki. .
Lokacin girma ta dabi’a, ana sanya orchids masu daraja a kan sills taga gabas da yamma. Tare da ƙarin hasken wucin gadi, ƙarin hasken ya isa na awanni 12 a rana lokacin da phytolamp ke nesa da 30 cm daga shuka.
Gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire da kansu suna nuna buƙatar ƙarfafa hasken wuta ko kuma, akasin haka, don inuwar amfanin gona, kawai yana sauƙaƙe noman ‘jewels’. A cikin haske mai tsananin haske, bambance-bambancen orchids suna sakin ganye waɗanda suke da nisa sosai, masu tsayi, ko kuma, akasin haka, ƙanana. Amma a cikin inuwa, ganye sun zama karami, suna da wuya a kan harbe, internodes suna elongated, wanda ke nuna cewa orchid mai daraja ya kamata ya sami haske mai haske.
Yanayin zafin jiki don orchids iri-iri
Ana danganta buƙatun zafin jiki sau da yawa tare da tatsuniyoyi game da caprice na orchids masu daraja. A gaskiya ma, yana da sauƙi don samar musu da yanayi masu jin daɗi. Bambance-bambancen orchids suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗaki na yau da kullun. Ba za su iya jure yanayin sanyi ba, yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 18. Amma, a gefe guda, ba sa jin tsoron zafi kuma suna dawowa da kyau har ma da yanayin zafi mai zafi sama da ƙananan iyaka. Digo a cikin alamomin da ke ƙasa da digiri 18 koyaushe zai haifar da asarar ganyen ado da farkon lokacin fure.
Akwai takamaiman buƙatu don wasu nau’ikan: Ludisia yana son lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin dare ya ragu da digiri 4-5 fiye da lokacin rana (kuma makodes da sauran orchids iri-iri suna girma mafi kyau a cikin irin wannan yanayin).
Lokacin hutawa bayan fure ya zama dole kawai don anectochilus: don wannan, aƙalla dan kadan, ta digiri 2-4, ana saukar da zazzabi a lokacin lokacin hunturu.
Ban ruwa da iska zafi
Bayar da yanayin zafi mai daɗi don bambance-bambancen orchids hakika shine lokacin da ya fi wahala girma. Saboda wannan ma’auni ne waɗannan orchids suna cikin shuke-shuken da suka fi girma a cikin gidaje na cikin gida ko wuraren nuna furanni. Amma akwai bayanai da yawa na rashin fahimta game da matsayin amfanin gona mai son danshi wanda aka danganta ga waɗannan tsire-tsire. Orchids masu daraja suna jin daɗi har ma a cikin ɗakunan rayuwa na yau da kullun; Ba dole ba ne a nuna su a cikin florarium kadai, saboda ana iya samun mafi kyawun yanayin iska ta hanyar shigar da humidifier. Mafi ƙarancin buƙatu shine ludisia, wanda kuma ke jure yanayin zafi mai matsakaici. Sauran suna buƙatar zafi na akalla 70%.
Tsire-tsire na rukuni na orchids masu daraja suna buƙatar shayarwa sosai, kuma ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyoyin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ba za ku iya ba da izinin cikakken fari, bushewa na substrate, har ma a tsakiyar ɓangaren. Orchids masu daraja suna girma da kyau kawai lokacin da aka kiyaye damshin ƙasa mai matsakaicin tsayi kuma saman ƙasa kawai ya bushe. Hanyar ban ruwa na al’ada ce ko kuma ta hanyar nutsewa cikin ruwa don cika ma’auni. Don lokacin sanyi, ana gyara ban ruwa bisa ga yawan bushewar ƙasa. Don anectochilus kawai a lokacin hunturu, ana rage zafi da kusan rabin.
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga ingancin ruwa. Don gauraye orchids, yi amfani da narke, ruwan sama, distilled ko ruwan dafaffe kawai.
Taki don “dutse masu daraja”
Ana amfani da takin gargajiya don orchids masu daraja ta hanyar gargajiya, a cikin nau’in ruwa tare da ruwa don ban ruwa. Don waɗannan tsire-tsire yana da kyau a yi amfani da cikakken adadin shawarar da masana’anta suka ba da shawarar, aiwatar da matakai tare da mita 1 a cikin makonni 3 a cikin bazara da lokacin rani da 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 5 a cikin kaka da hunturu. Amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani ba a lokaci ɗaya ba, amma don raba su cikin sassa 2-3 kuma ƙara kadan yayin kowane watering. Ƙarƙashin ƙarfi da ƙarin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa suna ba da damar cimma mafi kyawun sha na abubuwan gina jiki, haɓaka mai aiki na ciyayi mai ban mamaki.
Don bambance-bambancen orchids, kawai gaurayawan taki na musamman da aka yi nufin membobin dangin orchid ne kawai za a iya amfani da su.
Kwantena, substrate da dashi
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga tukwane da ake girma orchid mai daraja. Kamar orchids na yau da kullun, nau’ikan nau’ikan ya kamata a girma a cikin kwantena na musamman na orchid tare da ramuka ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin ganuwar. Don waɗannan amfanin gona, samun isar da iskar zuwa ƙasa yana da matukar muhimmanci. Don makodes petola, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kwantena masu ƙarfi tare da diamita na kusan 6 cm (amma ga sauran orchids na ƙungiyar masu daraja, bai kamata ku zaɓi tukwane masu girma ba).
Ƙasa don gaurayawan orchids kuma yana da sauƙin samu. Zai fi dacewa don siyan nau’in orchid na musamman don waɗannan kyawawan. Amma kuma zaka iya yin naka ƙasa ta haɗe daga ƙasa mai ganye, ƙaƙƙarfan yashi, ɓarkewar itacen pine, ko gansakuka (ko daga ƙasa mai ganye tare da gansakuka, alluran pine, vermiculite, da ash itace). Matsakaicin tushen peat ya dace da ludisia, wanda aka ƙara rabin adadin ganyen da ba su lalace ba da haushi. Duk wani zaɓi da kuka zaɓa, tabbatar da tabbatar da cewa akwai karuwa a cikin sphagnum a cikin substrate.
Orchid mai daraja ba kawai yana buƙatar madaidaicin madauri wanda zai iya riƙe danshi yadda ya kamata ba, har ma da ƙasa mai ƙaya wanda baya ɓata kyawawan ganye. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, gansakuka yana haɓaka da sauri, girma, kuma ya samar da bangon kore don ganyayyaki masu daɗi. Acidity na substrate don bambance-bambancen orchids bai kamata ya wuce pH 6,5-7 ba.
Babu ƙasa da mahimmanci fiye da zaɓin madaidaicin madaidaicin wuri shine sanya magudanar ruwa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ana amfani da kayan zubar da ruwa, musamman ma idan ana amfani da vermiculite ko perlite, za’a iya ƙarawa da kanta. Ana aiwatar da dasawa kamar yadda ake buƙata, bisa ga ka’idodi iri ɗaya na orchids na yau da kullun.
Kwari da cututtuka na orchids masu daraja.
Wadannan tsire-tsire ba za su iya yin alfahari da juriya mai girma ga cututtuka ba. Tare da haɓakar haɓakar sphagnum, rashin iko akan gansakuka, rot rot yana barazanar orchids masu daraja. Kuna iya yin yaƙi da shi kawai tare da dashen gaggawa tare da tilas blanching na substrate. Lokacin da cututtukan fungal suka bazu a tsakanin orchids masu daraja, a farkon alamun lalacewa, ya zama dole a cire ganyen da suka lalace nan da nan kuma a aiwatar da sassan tare da gawayi da aka murƙushe.
Barazana mai daraja orchids da kwari. Idan an keta alamomi masu dadi na yanayin zafi, mites da sauri suna bayyana akan ganye. Lokacin amfani da kayan da aka shirya da kansu, bambance-bambancen orchids na iya sha wahala daga slugs da katantanwa, da kuma kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar nematodes. Yawancin lokaci suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga tushe. An fi magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar dasa harbe-harbe da sassan sarrafawa, sannan a yi dashen gaggawa.
Haifuwa na motley orchids.
Ana ɗaukar orchids masu daraja ɗaya daga cikin nau’ikan mafi sauƙi don haifuwa. Duk tsire-tsire na cikin rukunin bambance-bambancen ana bambanta su ta hanyar ikon tushen harbe. Da zaran harbe sun saki ganye fiye da biyar (an samar da cikakkun internodes guda huɗu akan su), tushen tushe mai inganci yana samuwa a ƙarƙashin ɗaya daga cikin ganyen farko.
Zai yiwu a yanke harbe don rooting kawai idan akwai ganye guda biyu a ƙasa da tushen tushen tushen kuma aƙalla internodes biyu a sama (yanke ya kamata a yi ‘yan santimita a ƙasa da tushen, amma ba tare da kai ga ƙananan ganye na farko ba). Irin wannan tushe yana samun tushe sosai. Bayan an yayyafa yankan da gawayi kuma a dasa shi a cikin wani wuri mai dacewa don orchid, sai ya sami tushe da sauri kuma ya fara girma.
Hakanan zaka iya raba tsire-tsire masu girma masu ƙarfi, muddin a cikin kowane yanki akwai cikakkun harbe 2-3 tare da ganye da yawa.
