Tabo mai launin rawaya a kan ganyen tumatir abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin aikin noman kayan lambu. Idan an lura da irin wannan ɓacin rai a cikin tsire-tsire, ya zama dole a yi gaggawar magance su. Tabo yana rage ko ma lalata aiki.
Jiyya na rawaya spots a kan tumatir
Rarraba iri-iri, aibobi sune matsalolin da suka fi shahara da suka taso, ba tare da la’akari da inda aka noman tumatir ba. Yawancin lokaci ana haifar da wannan ta hanyar cuta ko yanayin girma, amma don fara jiyya, kuna buƙatar fahimta da yin daidaitaccen ganewar asali.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa
Abubuwan da ke faruwa: zazzabi, zafi, cututtuka, lalacewar tushen, hadi da yawa ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Duk cututtuka na tumatir, rukuni:
- viral – mosaic, curl (coagulation) na foliage,
- fungi – launin toka rot, septeriosis, marigayi blight, m raɓa, mold (cladosporiosis), fusaiores da sauransu.
- na kwayan cuta – ciwon daji.
kwayar
Curl ko coagulation na ganye
Cutar da ke da tushenta a yankunan kudu maso gabashin Amurka da arewacin Mexico.
Alamun: nama ya juya rawaya, murƙushewa da murƙushe ganye, tsofaffin an rufe su da launin shuɗi.
Kwayar cuta don cutar tana jurewa da ƙananan kwari – whiteflies. Kwarin da ke tashi yana ɗaukar kwayar cuta daga tsire-tsire (barkono, tumatir, wake, weeds) kuma yana tura shi zuwa tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Babban kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa lokacin da adadin fararen kwari ya yi yawa.
Jiyya tare da maganin kashe kwari don rage yawan fararen kwari ba koyaushe yana da tasiri ba, maganin fesa ba shi da ƙananan sassa na foliage, inda yawancin kwari ke zaune. Ana ba da shawarar cire tsire-tsire masu cutar da gabatar da fallow. Wannan zai rage ikon fararen kwari don haɓaka juriya ga magungunan kashe qwari.
Mosaic
Kwayar cutar ta shiga tsire-tsire da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ta amfani da aphids (kwari) ko ta hanyoyin sarrafa kayan gona. Kwayar cutar ta kasance a cikin kaya, iri, kayan aiki, tarkacen shuka, ko cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru 2.
Alamun cutar na iya bambanta dangane da shekarun shuka, nau’in kwayar cutar, iri-iri, da yanayin girma. Rawaya spots ko mosaic bayyana, nakasawa da necrosis na gabobin, ganye suna samar.
Bayyanar tsaba a cikin incubator a zazzabi na digiri 70 na kwanaki 2-4. Hanyar karewa: grafting shuka tare da ɗan ƙaramin nau’i na ƙwayar cuta, daga baya yana haifar da juriya na shuka ga nau’ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.
Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire masu cutar daga wurin
Ana sanya sinadarin chlorinated kuma ana tsabtace su. Kula da rukunin yanar gizon da tsabtace tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin lokaci, tsaftace tarkace na tarkace shuka don hana yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.
Idan an riga an rufe ganye da mosaic, ya zama dole a yayyafa shi da madara maras nauyi. Ana zuba lita daya na madara a cikin ruwa lita goma (tsawon daki) sannan a zuba cokali daya na urea. Ana yin feshi sau ɗaya a mako har sai cutar ta ɓace.
Naman gwari
Grey rot
Ya bayyana akan tsire-tsire Idan ba ku kula da shayarwa da zafi a cikin greenhouse ba, ku dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa maras kyau, shuka iri iri.
Alamun: da farko cutar ta yadu tare da tushe a cikin nau’i na launin toka-kasa-kasa. Sannu a hankali yana ɗaukar dukkan tushe, sannan launin ya haskaka kuma ya bayyana. Sakamakon shan kashi na tushe, abincin shuka yana tsayawa. Ganyen saman suna juyawa rawaya.
Babban hanyar kariya shine don sarrafa zafi a cikin greenhouse, kana buƙatar kiyaye shi ba mai girma ba. Kariya daga lalacewar injina yayin zabar tumatir da kulawa.
Lokacin da tabo ya bayyana, rufe su da manna mai ɗauke da fungicides: jan karfe sulfate, jan karfe chlorine (HOM), ruwa Bordeaux, da sauransu.
Phytophthora
Alamomi: ƙananan ɓangaren ganye an rufe shi da rawaya rawaya, ganye sun fadi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun zama baki.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaƙar cutar da wuri, duk waɗannan suna aiki akan ka’ida ɗaya. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da magunguna daban-daban, wannan zai ba da sakamako mai tasiri. Ana yayyafa tumatir da mafita: kefir, gishiri, tafarnuwa, ash, tinder, iodide madara da sauransu.
Cladosporiosis
Cutar na yaduwa ta hanyar spores. Itacen yana bushewa, ya yi wrinkles, yayi launin ruwan kasa, ya mutu. Yellow spots a kan ganyen tumatir a cikin greenhouse yawanci ana haifar da wannan naman gwari.
Alamun: na farko ƙananan ƙananan ganye suna rawaya, sannan dukan shuka. A cikin mataki na farko na cutar, an rufe tumatir a cikin sautunan rawaya sannan kuma launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa.
Ana aiwatar da hanyoyi daban-daban na agrotechnical waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga lalata naman gwari a cikin ƙasa.Ya zama dole a cire ragowar shukar a cikin lokaci mai dacewa, vaporize da lalata ƙasa, iska da iska mai iska da greenhouses, zaɓi wani barga irin tumatir. .
A farkon alamar cututtuka, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar fesa
Ana fesa tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa tare da fungicides (sau ɗaya kowane mako biyu). Ana ba da shawarar hazo a lokacin girma. Hanyoyin injina suna haɓaka tare da shirye-shiryen sinadarai: HOM, Abiga-Peak, Pram. Ana aiwatar da aikin da rana ko safe.
Fusarium
Alamomi: shuka ya juya kodadde kore ko rawaya, harbe-harbe na tumatir ya bushe, saman ya lalace, murɗawa kuma ya faɗi, Tushen yana mutuwa. Zazzabi na kara tsananta bayyanar cututtuka.
Idan kuna da alamar fusarium, wannan shuka ce mai lalacewa. Mafi kyawun abin da za a yi shine tsaftace shuka da kuma lalata wurin.
Hanyoyin rigakafin za su samar da ingantaccen kariya ga amfanin gonar ku:
- kana bukatar ka duba seedlings,
- amfani da kayan aikin bakararre,
- Lokacin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa suka samo asali, muna amfani da takin potash kawai.
- don disinfect tushen seedlings.
- shuka a cikin ƙasa mai dumi.
Bacterias
A cikin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, cutar kwayan cuta ta bayyana a cikin nau’in iri masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin 1936.
Cutar sankarar tumatur na haifar da ciwon iai Bakteriya Alamomin ci gaba: ganye ya fara dushewa, layin rawaya ya bayyana tare da kwane-kwane. Jajaye da launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana akan matashin mai tushe, sepals, da petioles.
Tratamiento
Ana kula da shuka tare da wakilai masu ciyayi waɗanda suka haɗa da jan karfe. Fesa tare da maganin rigakafi Phytolavin. Chitosan da magungunan humate zasu taimaka.
Sauran Sanadin
Tumatir za a iya rufe da rawaya ganye ba kawai saboda cututtuka. Dalilin gama gari shine lalacewar tushen. Lalacewar yanayin injina sakamakon rashin kulawar sassauta ƙasa kusa da tumatir. Ganyen da ke ƙasan matakin fara yin rawaya.
Tushen tsarin tumatir yana da kyakkyawar farfadowa, don haka ya ɓace da kansa. Ana ba da shawarar cika ƙasa kusa da shuka tare da taki na asalin halitta.
Wani dalili kuma shine rashin ingantaccen taki. Duk wani tsiro, gami da tumatir, yana canza launinsa idan basu da jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, manganese ko sulfur. Yellowing na ciyayi na iya nuna rashin nitrogen. Sakamakon rashi na magnesium, tumatir za a rufe su da launin rawaya.
ƙarshe
Ana iya rufe ganyen tumatir tare da rawaya spots saboda dalilai da yawa: nau’ikan cututtuka daban-daban, zazzabi, yanayi, zafi, ƙarancin takin mai magani, wajibi ne don aiwatar da hanyoyin rigakafi na sarrafa tsire-tsire. Kula da kwari akan lokaci. Yana da mahimmanci don daidaita yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse kuma yin iska. Masu shuka kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsaba, bi ka’idodin kulawa, lalata ƙasa da kayan aikin, kuma zaku sami girbi mai yawa.
