Mutane da yawa sun riga sun ji cewa a cikin apples, akasin sanannun imani, baƙin ƙarfe
gidan caca. Wannan gaskiya ne. Amma akwai wani abu game da apples cewa rage hadarin
cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da wasu nau’in ciwon daji, yana kawar da radionuclides
kuma yana kwantar da warts. Saboda wasu contraindications, yana da kyau a gaba.
gano a karkashin abin da yanayi ya fi kyau a kaurace wa apples. Amma ga masoya
ya yi da wuri don damuwa game da waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa – akwai ƙarin fa’idodin ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace apple,
kuma an tabbatar da shi ba kawai ta hanyar aikin likitancin gargajiya ba, har ma da kimiyya
bincike.
Amfani Properties na apples
Haɗin kai da adadin kuzari.
Fresh Golden Apple ya ƙunshi (da 100 g): .
kalori 57 kcal
Vitamin
B4 5,1 dankalin turawa, K 100 Vitamin E 0,18 Phosphorus,
Vitamin P10
B3 0,094 Calcio, Ca 6 Vitamin B5 0,074 Magnesio, Mg 5 Vitamin
B6 0,051 Sodio,
Zuwa 2
Cikakken abun da ke ciki
Abubuwan sinadaran apples sun bambanta ga ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iri daban-daban, an ƙaddara
matakin balaga, yanayin da itacen apple ke girma,
ya dogara da rayuwar shiryayye da sauran dalilai. Yawan ruwa a ciki
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na iya bambanta daga 84 zuwa 90%, sukari – daga 5 zuwa 15%,
fiber – daga 0,59 zuwa 1,38%, da tannins – 0,025
ya canza zuwa -0,27%..
Kayan magani
Don tsire-tsire na magani, an haɗa da apple apple. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi
carbohydrates: phytoglycogen, pectins;
Organic
acid: malic, tartaric, citric; bitamin, carotenoids
C, chlorogenic acid, tannins, catechins, flavonoids,
anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanidins, muhimmanci mai, kwayoyin mahadi
baƙin ƙarfe da phosphorus. Ganyayyaki sun ƙunshi dihydrochalcones: phloretin,
fluoride; flavonoids: hyperin, quercetin, quercitrin, isocvercitrin,
rutin, naringin; catechins, ascorbic acid.
An wajabta shayin apple na daji don urolithiasis.
cututtuka, gout,
rheumatism,
tari da kururuwa, catarrh na ciki da colitis.
Gasa apples ana bada shawarar ga na kullum maƙarƙashiya. Sabbin apples
nunawa a
gastritis tare da low acidity (hypoacid gastritis);
spastic colitis, hypokinetic biliary dyskinesia
rubuta in
beriberi. Sabon grated apples ana amfani da su
maganin abrasions, konewa,
ciwon sanyi, tsawaita waraka da ulcer, fashewar nonuwa lokacin shayarwa.
A cikin cututtukan fata, ana amfani da aikace-aikacen apple don
Cututtukan fata. Ana amfani da decoction na ganyen apple azaman tushe.
bitamin C..
A magani
Ana yin magani daga ‘ya’yan itacen apple na gandun daji. A tsantsa
baƙin ƙarfe maganin shafawa… An wajabta cire baƙin ƙarfe na malic acid don
hypochromic anemia.
A cikin magungunan jama’a
Tare da urolithiasis, gout, rheumatism, catarrh na ciki,
colitis, tari da hoarseness, shayi na ‘ya’yan itacen apple na gandun daji yana da amfani:
Ana yanka ‘ya’yan itace 10 a tafasa a cikin lita na ruwa na minti 10.
Ƙara zuma ko sukari don dandana.
Tare da hypovitaminosis.
don rigakafin rashi bitamin, an shirya decoction daga ganyen itacen apple na gandun daji:
Ana zubar da kayan da aka yanka da ruwa da ruwa (banshi 1 na ganyen apple
da ruwan tafasasshen ruwa guda 4) sannan a dafa kwata na awa daya. Iri da sha
cokali na kayan zaki sau uku a rana.
Tare da dysentery, amai, kuna buƙatar cin abinci daban-daban yayin rana.
sabo ne apples.
A matsayin m laxative, yi amfani da girke-girke daya: biyu matsakaici
Yanke apples a cikin guda, zuba 200 ml na madara da 100 ml na ruwa.
Cook a kan zafi kadan na akalla minti 5. Bari ya huta. Don karba
da safe a kan komai a ciki.
Abubuwan apple cider vinegar suna shahara a cikin magungunan jama’a.
Daga cikin su akwai tsarin kulawa na apple cider vinegar da girke-girke bisa tsarin.
D. Jarvis, BV Bolotov.
Na waje:
Tare da ƙara gumi na dabino, wanka tare da ƙari na
‘yan teaspoons na apple cider vinegar.
Ana bi da kusoshi masu tsinke da kayan lambu da tiren mai apple.
vinegar (1: 1). Tsawon lokacin hanya shine minti 10.
Magani mai zuwa yana taimakawa tare da fashe sheqa: tafasa apple
a cikin madara da gauraya har sai an sami porridge. Sakamakon taro yana yadawa
a kan wuraren da aka lalace, rufe da zane mai tsabta kuma ajiye
rabin awa
Applesauce da taushi man shafawa.
Ana amfani da mai don tsinke leɓe, don warkar da raunuka.
da karce.
Ana shafa warts na gaskiya tare da sabon yanke apple don da yawa
mintuna har sau 6 a rana tsawon wata daya.[5,8]
A cikin magungunan gabas
Ana kiyaye shawarwarin a cikin tsohuwar “Canon of Medicine” ta Avicenna.
akan amfanin yau da kullun na apples: shahararren mai warkarwa
yaba da waraka m na apples.
A cikin tsarin likitancin Tibet, ana kiran apple Kushu. Tibet
Likitoci sun danganta aikin rage samar da iskar gas ga ‘ya’yan itace.
a cikin hanji da kuma nuna absorbent Properties na apple.
Likitan kasar Sin yana rarraba abinci bisa ga daraja.
ƙunshe a cikinsu ya fara Yin da Yang, ya bayyana apple a matsayin samfur
tare da fifikon farkon Yang kuma ya ayyana adadinsa a matsayin “+2”..
A cikin binciken kimiyya
Anticancer apple: Shin apples suna taimaka muku yaƙi?
da kansa? Ee, da amfani da apples a far.
ciwon daji ba rashin hankali bane, kamar yadda shaida
Jami’ar Cornwall bincike. Sama da makonni 3
a karkashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa yanayin gwaji
dabbobi masu ciwon nono sun inganta da 17% a cikin rukuni cewa
An karɓi kashi na yau da kullun na apple, da kashi 30% na wannan ɓangaren
na batutuwan karatu, waɗanda suka karɓi cirewar apple a kowace rana cikin uku
sau da yawa..
Haɗin kai kai tsaye tsakanin amfani da apple da rigakafin ciwon daji
An kuma nuna cututtuka ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a kan mutane. A cewar sakamakon
binciken da Boeir J., Liu R. (2004) ya haɗa a cikin jarida
Abincin mara lafiya na apple ɗaya ko fiye yana rage haɗarin haɓakawa
daban-daban na ciwon daji, da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
cututtuka.
A cikin ilimin abinci
Apples ba su ƙunshi cikakken
fats da cholesterol kuma saboda haka abinci ne mai kyau
ga ‘yan tsakiya da masu wahala
kiba. Abincin apple zai iya rage matakan cholesterol
a cikin jini da kashi 30%. Apple iri (mai tsami), ciki har da karamin
Yawan sukari yana taimakawa masu ciwon sukari
ciwon sukari.
A cikin dafa abinci
Apples samfuri ne na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan abinci, darussa na biyu,
irin kek, salads, biredi. An cika kaji da apples; ana gasa su
tare da nama ko kifi; stew tare da kayan lambu; soyayyen tare da hanta; ƙara
herring in forshmak. Apples suna da daɗi a cikin casseroles, pancakes, cheesecakes,
porridge da puddings. Ana tattara apples ɗin, a bushe, kuma ana girbe su don amfanin gaba.
pickled apples.
Miyan ‘ya’yan itace da aka yi da apples suna da amfani (a matsayin monovariation
ko kuma tare da karin wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa). An shirya su bisa ga apple.
Gasasshen applesauce, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ko ɗanyen ‘ya’yan itace puree. Halarci
da zuma,
Crema aria da kirim mai tsami.
Iri iri-iri na apple mai laushi da zaki sun dace da yin jams,
kwayoyi, jam. Lokacin yin burodi, mai dafa abinci ya fi son
M, kore apples tare da m fata. Irin waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba sa bayarwa
akwai danshi mai yawa a cikin kullu kuma ba lallai ba ne a kara yin kauri..
Girke-girke na Apple:
Туфахия
Wannan kayan zaki na Bosnia ne (apple cushe da goro
da zabibi).
Da ake bukata: 4 matsakaici apples apples, 2 kofuna na sukari, 3 kofuna
ruwa, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na rabin lemun tsami,
./. kofin kwasfa da gyada, cokali zabibi, bulala
kirim don yin hidima.
A cikin zurfin skillet ko saucepan, shirya syrup: kawo
sai ruwan ya tafasa sai a zuba sugar a zuba lemon tsami. Tuffa
kwasfa, yi rami a wurin kara kuma a hankali
yanke cibiya. Tsoma dukan apples a cikin shirye-shirye
tafasa da syrup kuma dafa don 5 zuwa 10 minutes (apple apple ya kamata
mai sauƙi don huda da cokali mai yatsa, yayin da ya rage). Cire apples
na syrup kuma bari sanyi. Saka bawon apple a cikin syrup kuma tafasa
a kan zafi kadan na kimanin minti 20, har sai ƙarar ruwa
zai ragu da rabi. Cire sauran syrup kuma a sanyaya. Gyada
da yankan zabibi, Mix. Cika da goro da zabibi
apples, zuba a kan sanyaya syrup da kuma ado da kirim..
Apple chutney
Chutney miya ce ta gargajiya ta Indiya, sau da yawa zafi sosai da yaji,
dafa shi daga kayan lambu ko ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Kuna buƙatar samfuran: 30 matsakaici-sized apples mai zaki da tsami,
60 g na gishiri, 300 g na sukari, 100 g albasa, 1 albasa tafarnuwa,
80 g na ginger,
14 g na dried barkono,
28 g na mustard tsaba, 100 g na raisins,
900 ml na vinegar.
Kwasfa da cire tsaba daga apples, yanke su cikin yanka kuma sanya su
A cikin tukunya mai zurfi, ƙara sukari da vinegar, da kuma tafasa har sai
apples ba zai yi laushi ba. Sai ki jika ‘ya’yan mustard a cikin vinegar sannan
bushe da kyau. Dakatar da zabibi. A yayyanka tafarnuwar da aka bawon a yanka albasa
yanka, Mix tare da minced chili, ginger da mustard
tsaba da kuma murkushe komai a cikin turmi. Lokacin da apples aka tafasa, haɗa
duk sinadaran tare da apple taro, Mix da kyau kuma bari sanyi.
Shirya a cikin kwalba kuma adana a cikin firiji. Apple chutney yayi hidima
don kifi, abincin kaji, naman alade, shinkafa,
lebur da wuri ko burodin gida.
En cosmetology
A cikin girke-girke na kwaskwarima, kwasfa apple, apple
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ko ɓangaren litattafan almara na ‘ya’yan itace.
Apple gashi mask
Kwasfa da iri 2 manyan apples, dafa
suna puree. Mix applesauce tare da cokali 2 na applesauce.
vinegar, teaspoon na lemun tsami ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, da kuma wani tablespoon na masara
gari, kawo zuwa yanayin kama. Aiwatar da cakuda don bushewa
gashi kuma ku jimre mask din na rabin sa’a. A wanke da ruwan dumi sannan
A wanke da bushe gashin ku kamar yadda aka saba.
Apple masks na fuska
Apple mask don al’ada fata: peeled
grate da apple. Mix grated apple tare da gidan shayi
tablespoon na kirim mai tsami
(ko kowane man kayan lambu) da adadin sitaci iri ɗaya.
Aiwatar da cakuda mai kama da fuska da wuya na tsawon mintuna 20. A wanke dumi
ruwa
Vitamin mask ga kowane nau’in fata: gruel grated
a shafa tuffa a fuska, a jika na tsawon sa’a kwata sannan a wanke
ruwan sanyi (don bushewar fata a fuska, a shafa tukunna
kirim mai zafi kadan).
Mashin Anti tsufa
Tafasa apple a cikin ruwa kadan, puree, haɗuwa
tare da digo biyu na man zaitun da cokali guda na zuma. Aiwatar
akan fata mai tsabta don minti 15.
Don kula da fata na fuska a cikin lokacin sanyi: shirya abin rufe fuska
na tablespoon na hatsi
gari, ruwan apple da madara kadan. Aiwatar
a fuska da wuya na tsawon mintuna 30, sannan a wanke da ruwan dumi.
Apple masks don bushe fata
Mix da apple a cikin laka tare da teaspoon na zuma da tablespoon.
cokali ɗaya na hatsin ƙasa. Aiwatar zuwa fuska, riƙe
mask na kwata na awa daya, kurkura da ruwan dumi.
2 teaspoons gida cuku
hada da teaspoon na ruwan apple, rabin gwaiduwa da teaspoon
cokali daya na man kafur. Aiwatar da fuska kuma bar minti 15.
A wanke da ruwa mai dumi sannan a wanke da ruwan sanyi.
Apple masks don m fata
Mix cokali ɗaya na gasasshen applesauce da cokali ɗaya.
bulala mai gina jiki. Bar mask din don akalla minti 15, sannan ku wanke
ruwan sanyi.
Yanke apple da tafasa cokali daya na danyen apple.
minti biyu a cikin 40 ml na madara ko kirim mai tsami. Bari ya huta don
rabin sa’a. Ƙara furotin da aka yi masa bulala zuwa kullu. Aiwatar zuwa fuska
sannan bayan mintuna 15 sai a wanke da ruwan sanyi..
Haɗuwa da sauran samfuran
A cikin ma’anar dafuwa, apple yana aiki da kyau idan an haɗa shi da tsaka-tsalle.
da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi, tare da citrus, karas, kiwo
(kefir, yoghurt). Kyakkyawan dacewa da apple tare da nama da samfurori na gina jiki.
mai-wadata: cuku, cuku gida mai cike da kitse, goro.
Amma stared
samfurori a hade tare da apple suna haifar da fermentation.
abubuwan sha
Daga nau’ikan apples da yawa (tare da ƙari na sauran abubuwan da aka gyara)
shirya shayi, kvass, juices, cocktails, punches, ‘ya’yan itace abin sha. Ruwan apple
Kyakkyawan mai kashe ƙishirwa, yana aiki azaman aperitif. Suna shan shi da tsarki
tsari ko gauraye da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ko kayan marmari iri-iri
(karas, tumatir, kabewa, faski ko ruwan seleri).
Ana yin compotes da sabo da busassun apples. Wasu nau’ikan apples
tafasa da sauri, don haka ba buƙatar ku kawo shi zuwa tafasa ba, amma yana da daraja ragewa
a cikin tafasasshen syrup kuma kwantar da nan da nan. Ana amfani da apples a cikin tushe.
giya da abin sha (calvados,
apfelvine).
Fresh apple kvass
Don yin kvass
da ake bukata: 15 matsakaici m apples, 2,5 kofuna waɗanda sukari
ko zuma, rabin gilashin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace blackcurrant, cokali 2 na zabibi,
20 g yisti, cokali na ƙasa kirfa, zest na orange daya
da lemo, ruwa lita 5.
Kwasfa apples, sara su da kwasfa, zuba
ruwa da dafa kwata na awa daya. Sai ki tace ki bar broth yayi sanyi
har zuwa 20 0 C, ƙara sukari ko zuma, yisti, kirfa, zest citrus,
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace currant, raisins kuma barin wuri mai dumi don kwanaki 2. Bayan
Zuba kvass a cikin kwalabe kuma adana a wuri mai sanyi. Halarci
tare da crushed kankara.
Yankakken apples
Sinadaran: 1,5 kilogiram na apples mai zaki, 2 lemons, 2 lita na sanyi mai karfi
shayi, gilashin sukari 2,5, kwalban shampagne. Kwasfa da apples
daga harsashi, a yanka a cikin kwata, yanke tsaba sannan a yanka
Yankakken yankakken, saka a cikin kwanon rufi mai enameled, matsi
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na lemun tsami 2 da zest na rabin lemun tsami, zuba sanyi
freshly brewed mai karfi shayi, ƙara sukari, motsawa, murfin
rufe kuma bar a cikin wuri mai sanyi don 5 hours. Kafin yin hidima
a kan tebur, canja wurin kullu zuwa jug kuma zuba shampen.
Apple cider
Abincin da ake buƙata: apples 10, ruwa, ¾ kofin sukari, a cikin ɗakin cin abinci
cokali daya na garin kirfa da kasa albasa.
Yanke apples a cikin kwata kuma cire ainihin. Zana
apples da aka shirya a cikin wani saucepan, zuba ruwa domin lids
apples game da 5 cm. Ƙara sukari, kirfa, da allspice.
Ku kawo zuwa tafasa da dafa a kan matsakaici zafi ba tare da murfi ba
Minti 60. Sa’an nan kuma rufe da kuma dafa don ƙarin.
awa 2. Bari sanyi da iri. Ajiye cider da aka gama a cikin firiji.
Apples a cikin giya
Mafi kyawun nau’ikan ruwan inabi shine apples a cikin fall da hunturu.
iri: matakin sukari, tannins da
acid ya fi girma fiye da nau’in rani. Giya masu kyau sun fito daga
iri Antonovka, Parmen Winter Gold, Slavyanka, Anis.
An yi wannan ruwan inabi mai ban sha’awa daga nau’in rani Grushovka Moskovskaya.
Ana iya samun ingantattun ruwan inabi masu inganci daga matan Sinawa da ranetki, amma
Ganin yawan acidity na waɗannan apples, ruwan ‘ya’yan itacen ya zama dole
diluted da ruwa ko ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na zaƙi apple iri. ON
da mixes amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na daji apples.
Giyayen Apple suna rasa ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano yayin ajiya,
don haka, yana da kyau a cinye su a cikin shekarar da aka yi. Ba ba
yana nufin samfurin ruwan inabi na Ranetki da matan Sinawa: bisa la’akari da astringency
Dole ne waɗannan giyan su kasance shekaru aƙalla shekaru 2. A wannan lokacin
dandanonsa ya yi laushi.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da apples don shirya semisweets.
ko busassun giya..
Sauran amfani
- Apple ya yi nasarar maye gurbin man goge baki tare da goga: ci sabo
apple mai wuya, ba za ku iya samun abun ciye-ciye kawai ba, amma kuma ku goge haƙoran ku.
‘Ya’yan itacen da ake amfani da su don wannan dalili dole ne su kasance da ƙarfi sosai.
zaki da tsami. - Fata a hannunka wanda ya yi duhu saboda wahalar dafa abinci yana iya zama fari.
da kwasfa da fata apple. - Ikon apples don cire radionuclides ya tabbatar da ɗayan
hanyoyin ‘tsabta’ abinci: don rage aikin rediyo na kowane
abinci, za a iya rufe shi da yadudduka na bakin ciki apple yanka
kuma bari ya huta na ƴan sa’o’i (3 zuwa 6). Karatun kayan aiki
nuna cewa baya radiation na samfurin bayan irin wannan
ana taqaitaccen hanyoyin. - Ire-iren itatuwan apple iri-iri ne tsire-tsire na zuma masu amfani sosai. Bishiyoyin Apple
bishiyoyi na wasu nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i suna da darajar ado.
A cikin juyawa da haɗin gwiwa, ana amfani da itacen apple sosai:
Kayan da ya ƙunshi yana da ƙarfi kuma mai yawa, mai sauƙin yankewa da gogewa. - Apples sune manyan kayan sana’a. Daga gare su zaka iya ƙirƙirar
fun dabbobi, yin stencil tare da apple halves zuwa
bugu launi, yanke rami a cikin ‘ya’yan itace kuma samun asali
kayan kyandir na ado don kyandirori na kwaya.[1,5]
Mun tattara mahimman bayanai game da fa’idodi da haɗarin apples.
a cikin wannan misalin kuma za mu yi godiya sosai idan kun raba
hoto a shafukan sada zumunta, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafinmu:
Botanically apple
– ‘ya’yan itacen apple (itace ko daji), wakilin kabilar Bishiyoyin Apple,
ƙananan iyali Plum, iyalai Rose (Rosaceae).
Sunan jinsin Manzano a cikin Latin – «Clay“- bisa lafazin
ɗaya daga cikin sigogin ya koma zuwa lamuni daga Girkanci (Gr.gwangwani«
nuna kamar “apple«Musamman, kowane ‘ya’yan itace).
Kalmar “apple” a cikin Rashanci, bisa ga ƙungiyar masana harshe, tana ɗauka
asalinsa daga Indo-Turai”album“- (“fari“).
Shahararriyar bambance-bambancen da ba ta da kyau ta haɗu da ƙa’idar kalmar “apple” da tsohuwar
garin Abella (yankin Kampaniya a Italiya ta zamani), sanannen sananne ne ga
tare da amfanin gonakin apple su.
A cikin jinsin, akwai nau’ikan itatuwan apple 62. Daga cikin su, mafi na kowa
kuma suna da mahimmanci dangane da matakin amfani a masana’antu daban-daban ko kuma su ne
kakannin zamani iri-iri na wadannan nau’in: gida apple
(al’adu), daji (daji), low, pubescent, Caucasian (gabas),
almaatinskaya (Sivers), Lily (China), Berry Siberia.
[1,2]
Itacen apple ya kasance abokin ɗan adam tun da dadewa. Daji mahaifa
Ana ɗaukar itatuwan apple a matsayin tsaunin Tien Shan a kudancin Kazakhstan.
An yi imani da cewa itacen apple ya bayyana a yankin Turai saboda godiya
Girkawa waɗanda suka haɓaka dangantakar kasuwanci da kasuwanci mai tsanani tare da yawancin
garuruwa masu nisa. A lokaci guda, bushewa
mutum ne ya noma shi: an zaɓi mafi kyawun samfurori, an inganta su
yanayin girma.
A cikin karni na XNUMX BC Theophrastus ya kwatanta bayin lambu da mafi yawan
shahararrun nau’in apple a Hellas. Daga baya Romawa Cato, Varro,
Callumella, Pliny da Virgil sun riga sun sanya sunan tubalan 36
iri, yana nuna dabarun grafting na ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka noma
shuke-shuke.
Tushen noman apple ya yi ƙaura zuwa yawan jama’ar yankin Yammacin Turai.
na zamanin d Girka da Roma. A farkon karni na XNUMX, ci gaban wannan reshe
samar da ‘ya’yan itace ya hanzarta. Kasa da shekara dari a Turai aka ba shi
cikakken bayanin riga 60 irin itatuwan apple, ciki har da waɗanda aka girma
kuma a zamaninmu: Stettin ja, Calvil fari, Short-legged
ja, mai siffar tauraro.
Itacen apple ya kai Slavs Gabas da Kudancin a cikin karni na XNUMX ta wani
matsakanci – Byzantium. Tushen noman ya ƙaru
hankali a cikin Kiev principality, da apple Orchard aka yadu da aka sani,
An kafa ta Anthony Pechersky (1051). A cikin karni na XNUMX na Yuri Dolgoruky
An fara shimfidar itatuwan apple a yankin Moscow. Yablonevaya
Al’adu sun shiga wani sabon zagaye na ci gaba a karkashin Pedro I. An yi wa karni na XNUMX alama
gano ilimin kimiyyar pomology da ayyukan wanda ya kafa AT Bolotov,
cikakken bincike akan nau’in apples and pears da aka sani a lokacin.
Shekaru bayan haka, an sadaukar da aikin don haɓaka sabbin iri.
Michurina IV
Akwai nau’ikan itatuwan apple fiye da dubu 10. An rarraba duk bambancinsa
don rani, fall, hunturu da kuma ƙarshen hunturu iri.
Irin rani sun hada da: Moscow Grusovka, Melba, Papirovka.
Velvet, Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, Borovinka, Cinnamon Stripes,
Streyfling, Kitayka yana samar da rukuni na nau’in apple na kaka.
Winter apple iri: Antonovka, Minskoe, Slavyanka, Welsey, Delicious,
Jonathan.
Irin Crimean Aurora, Babushkino, Bananovoe, Golden Delicious, Saltanat,
Boyken suna dauke da marigayi hunturu iri..
Don dasa shuki apples, an zaɓi wurin rana. Abubuwan bukatu
don haskakawa ya sauko zuwa tsari mai sauƙi: dole ne bishiyoyi su karɓa
wani yanki na hasken rana kai tsaye na akalla sa’o’i 6 a rana.
Nisa tsakanin bishiyar da aka dasa daban-daban 4,5 zuwa 5,5
m Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa seedlings ba su faɗi ba
a cikin abin da ake kira “aljihu na sanyi” – ƙananan guntu na shafin,
wanda sanyin iska yakan kwanta.
Hakanan ya kamata ku tsaftace ƙasa: cire ciyawa da ciyawa. Idan tushen seedling ya bushe, ranar da ta gabata
dasa su yana buƙatar ciyar da su da ruwa. Matasa apple seedlings ana shuka su
a cikin kaka (rabin Oktoba na biyu) ko farkon bazara. Ramin saukarwa
an tono har zuwa zurfin 0,6 m, ana ƙididdige faɗin kamar haka:
kimanin diamita na tushen tsarin seedling ya ninka sau biyu. Mafi kyaun tufafi
takin mai magani a lokacin shuka yana yiwuwa, amma ba tare da amfani da nitrogen ba
taki da lemun tsami, yayin da suke haifar da konewa ga tushen.
Bayan dasa shuki da kuma cika a cikin rami na dasa, an gyara gangar jikin seedling.
akan mariƙin filogi. Yi rami da ruwa da yawa. Sa’an nan kuma rufe da ciyawa.
Ana dasa bishiyoyin apple a kowace shekara a cikin bazara (na farko, na biyu,
shekara ta uku, hudu da biyar bayan shuka). Watering da seedlings ne rare,
amma mai yawa. Bisa ga tsare-tsaren na shekarun shuka, ana aiwatar da hadi.
Yin rigakafin rigakafi..
Akwai nau’i biyu na girma na ‘ya’yan itace: m (botanical) da
mabukaci (abinci). Balagagge mai cirewa tayi yayi daidai da
kammala matakan girma da tara abubuwan gina jiki a ciki
apple ɓangaren litattafan almara. ‘Ya’yan itacen baya girma da girma kuma basu da cikas.
cire daga reshe. An ƙayyade balagaggen mabukaci na tayin daga lokacin
bayyanar apples a cikin wannan nau’in ƙanshi na musamman,
dandano da launi. Waɗannan darajoji biyu na balaga suna zuwa lokaci guda
a lokacin rani iri-iri. A cikin fall da kuma nau’in hunturu, balaga mai cirewa yana gaba
mabukaci na wata daya ko fiye. An shirya girbi na rani iri-iri
har zuwa lokacin girma na ‘ya’yan itace don cinyewa. Ku ci apples a cikin kaka da hunturu.
iri dole ne a tsantsa lokaci – girbi da wuri
bai bar ‘ya’yan itace masu ɗaci ba tukuna don “ripen”, kuma da wuri
marigayi girbi yana sa apples mara amfani
don ajiya na dogon lokaci. Ba daidai ba ne a kama apples suna girgiza
ko kuma ta hanyar jefa su daga bishiya. Dole ne a cire apple a hankali a kan rassan,
ba tare da lalata tushen ba..
Cikakken apple wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin tsarin noma.
nitrates suna da ƙamshi bayyananne. Yana da ma’ana
da launin ‘ya’yan itace: apple bai kamata ya zama “launi” a cikin launi ɗaya ba. Idan saman
apples (peeled) suna m, m ko rigar don taɓawa,
wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa an yi wa ‘ya’yan itace magani da sinadarai
abubuwa. Lokacin siyan, ya kamata ku kuma rarraba apples tare da ƙananan
Brown spots. Fatar fata mai laushi wanda ke raguwa cikin sauƙi
ko kuma wani bangare na fata mai murgudawa yana nuna cewa ‘ya’yan itacen
fara fade kuma ya rasa juiciness – dandano halaye na irin wannan
‘ya’yan itacen sun riga sun lalace sosai.
Ana ajiye sabbin apples a cikin firiji. A dakin da zafin jiki, ‘ya’yan itatuwa
Hakanan zai iya dadewa idan an sanya shi cikin filastik
kunshin kuma lokaci-lokaci (sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 7) ana fesa ruwa. Irin bazara
a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya, suna zama sabo don kusan
makonni 3. Rayuwar shiryayye na kaka da nau’in hunturu shine kwanaki 60 zuwa
wata shida.
Apple ɓangaren litattafan almara yana ba da kyakkyawan yanayin kiwo
microorganisms, wanda kawai shamaki ne gaba daya
da m fata. Idan ‘ya’yan itacen suka lalace kuma suka fara rubewa.
nan da nan a canja shi zuwa wani akwati dabam, yayin da yake ruɓe
ana iya kaiwa ga lafiyayyun tayi.[3,5]
