Asirin girma cucumbers bisa ga hanyar Portyankin da Shamshina –

Shuka cucumbers bisa ga Portyankin da Shamshina zai taimaka wajen samun girbi mai yawa na wannan amfanin gona cikin kankanin lokaci.

Asirin girma cucumbers bisa ga hanyar Portyankin da Shamshina

Zaɓin iri

Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa nau’in cucumber na zamani na zamani masu nau’in furanni guda ɗaya suna da amfani sosai. A lokacin flowering, ovaries 6-8 ko fiye suna samuwa akan kowane toho. Ana dasa waɗannan nau’ikan a cikin greenhouse.

‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ana siffanta su da ɗaukar hoto da dandano mai kyau. Suna da kaddarorin masu zuwa:

• babban matakin parthenocarpy (pollination kai),
• nau’in furen mace a cikin gungu,
• rashin harbe-harbe na gefe a hade tare da saurin girma na dukan shuka,
• high juriya ga tushen rot da powdery mildew,
• rashin daci a cikin haihuwa ta kwayoyin halitta.

Don buɗe ƙasa, nau’ikan da ƙudan zuma ke pollinated sun fi dacewa. A cikin yankunan da ke da gajimare da lokacin rani, ana shuka iri masu jure wa inuwa, kamar: F1 Carom, F1 Athlete, F1 Rafael, F1 Dynamite, F1 Rushnichok, F1 Rais. Irin wannan cucumbers ba su dace da yanayin zafi da bushewa ba.

A cikin yankunan arewacin Rasha da Ukraine, an yi nasarar haifar da ciyayi masu jure sanyi: F1 Uglich, F1 Pechora, F1 Smuglyanka, F1 Ustyug, F1 Uwargida.

Daga cikin bayin akwai nau’ikan da ba a saba gani ba. F1 Farin mala’ika yana da fari ko haske koren furanni da ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itace. Hybrid F1 Chupa-Shchups an bambanta shi da siffar siffar ‘ya’yan itace tare da diamita har zuwa 5 cm. Suna da daɗin ɗanɗano.

Shuka

Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarƙashin mafaka na wucin gadi daga fim ɗin a ranar 20 ga Afrilu A cikin buɗe ƙasa yana yiwuwa ne kawai bayan Mayu 10.

A cikin kwanaki 2-3 na farko, an fi adana tsaba a cikin seedlings tare da gilashin da aka rufe. Yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 24 da 28 °, saboda farkon harbe suna da rauni ga sanyi.

Kada ƙasa ta bushe sosai. Har ila yau, lokacin da maɓuɓɓugan ya bayyana, ana sanya kwantena a wuri mai faɗi, ba tare da rufe wani abu daga sama ba. Ana adana su a cikin wannan tsari na kwanaki 3-4. Rana da dare, rage zuwa 16-17 °.

Hakanan, yi amfani da kwararan fitila na musamman. A cikin kwanaki 4 masu zuwa, zafin iska yana tashi da rana zuwa 22 ° da dare zuwa 18 °. Ana kunna fitilu na tsawon sa’o’i 18, a hankali rage lokaci. Ranar da za a tashi daga jirgi, ba a ƙara amfani da fitilun.

Saukowa

Ana shuka tsire-tsire a wuri mai faɗi

A cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe kafin dasa shuki, ana fitar da seedlings zuwa baranda. Ana yin haka ne don a saba da tsire-tsire don buɗe iska da haske daga waje, saboda yanayin ɗakin da kan titi sun bambanta.

Kafin dasa shuki, seedlings suna cikin kwalaye na kwanaki 28-30. Amma ba duk abin da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa ba. Nisa na shuka ya kamata ya zama 18-20 cm, kuma tsayi ya zama 30 cm ko fiye. Kowane daji na seedling ya kamata ya sami ganye 3-4.

1. An zaɓi wurin da rana, kuma gadaje suna da tsayi tare da ƙarancin ƙasa pH 6-7 da zazzabi na 15 °. Tare da barazanar sanyi, ba a dasa cucumbers.
2. Lokacin dasa shuki, wajibi ne don kula da nisa tsakanin seedlings. Idan ana amfani da trellis, ana sanya cucumbers 20-30 cm daga juna.
3. Tsirrai marasa tallafi, gami da. Ana sanya nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i a nesa na 90 cm. Tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama 130-150 cm ko 90 cm, idan tsire-tsire suna shrubby da matasan.

Kula bayan dasa shuki

Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe cucumbers da kayan da ba a saka ba. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire za su iya daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi.

Ƙasar tana padded don adanawa da riƙe danshi, danne ciyawa. Ciyawa na iya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da ripening na cucumbers. Cika a kan tushen kwayoyin halitta, fim ɗin filastik baƙar fata, ko ciyawa na zamani wanda ke watsa hasken infrared.

Lokacin da ake kula da amfanin gona, ya kamata a guji yawan zafin jiki wanda ke rage ingancin ‘ya’yan itacen. Yadda ya kamata shuka dogayen shuke-shuke a gefen kudu ko fitar da alfarwa.

A cikin tsire-tsire na bouquet, yawancin furanni irin na mata suna fure lokaci guda. Wannan yana haifar da gasa tsakanin furanni da ‘ya’yan itace. Furen suna bushewa su faɗi. A cikin nau’ikan F1, Liliput, F1 Quadrille, ‘yan kunne na F1 Emerald suna damun ƙananan ovaries saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

1. Yawan ci gaban ‘ya’yan itace. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarshen girbi.
2. Rashin ci gaban tushen. Shuka yana rage yawan ciyayi.
3. Rage yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma mafi girma. A sakamakon haka, mummunan girbi.

Ana magance matsalar ta hanya mai zuwa. Makanta ƙasa 2-4 harbe da duk sassan da ke ƙarƙashin trellis. Akwai harbe 2-3 a saman. Ana tsunkule su bayan zanen gado 3. Tsoka daga babban tushe bayan isa wani shuka.

Watse

An saita yanayin shayarwa tun kafin harbe harbe. Ana shayar da cucumbers da abin sha da safe ko bayan faduwar rana. Ba sa shayar da guga da bututu, saboda wannan yana haifar da fallasa tushen. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama dumi (akalla 20) kuma ya zauna.

Cucumbers shayar da ruwan dumi

Ana kiyaye ƙasa koyaushe. Na farko shayar da 20% bayani na taki da ruwa. Kada ku ƙyale bushewa ko yawan shayarwa Madaidaicin ruwa shine kamar haka: ƙasa ta cika gaba ɗaya, kuma an zubar da wani ɓangare na bayani har zuwa 15% a cikin rami na magudanar ruwa.

Bayan tsiron ya tsiro, ana shayar da amfanin gona kowane kwanaki 4-5 kafin ‘ya’yan itatuwa su bayyana. Amfani da ruwa 3-4 l / m2. Tare da samuwar ‘ya’yan itace, ana shayar da daji kokwamba sau da yawa – kowane kwanaki 2-3. Yi amfani da 11-12 l / m2.

A zafin jiki na 25 ° da sama, ƙananan zafi, ana amfani da sprinkling azaman hanyar rage yawan zafin jiki na ganye da ovaries. Ana yin aikin kowace rana.

Taki

Ciyarwa za ta taimaka wajen hanzarta harbe harbe, tsawaita lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, haɓaka dandano ‘ya’yan itace, da kare kariya daga cututtuka. Ana takin ƙasa da kwayoyin halitta kafin shuka: a cikin kaka taki, an gabatar da takin da mullein. Bayan buds da furanni sun bayyana, ana sake amfani da takin gargajiya tsakanin layuka kowane kwanaki 15-20.

Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara nitrogen da potassium a cikin ƙasa a cikin rabo na 1: 2, amma bai wuce 25 g na abubuwa da m² ba. Ana amfani da maganin don duka tushen da foliar saman miya. Wannan zai taimaka kare ganye daga yellowing da kuma hanzarta harbi girma. A lokacin samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, adadin taki yana ƙaruwa sau 2.

Don cucumbers, ana amfani da ma’adanai da aka shirya, kamar: Fertika, Zdrazen, Mortar. Ana shirya kowane taki ne kawai a cikin ruwan zafi. Ruwan yana ɗan sanyaya kafin aikace-aikacen.

Kada a yi amfani da zubar dawakai don takin ƙasa, yana da wadata a cikin ammonia kuma yana sakin nitrates, wanda ke shiga cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Wannan yana da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Cututtuka

Mafi sau da yawa, shuka yana kamuwa da mildew powdery. Wani farin rufi yana bayyana akan ganyen kokwamba.

Kuna iya warkar da amfanin gona tare da Teovit Jet da Topaz. Matakan da ba su da saurin kamuwa da wannan cuta ana shuka su: Suruka F1, zoben F1, surukin F1 da F1 beaver.

Mite gizo-gizo na iya shafar tsirrai. Alamomin wurin zama: aibobi masu duhu akan ganye, kasancewar kaska da rashin jin daɗi na seedlings. Sha ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da kai ga mutuwar shuka.

Anthracnose (aibobi na zaitun) yana shafar ganyen cucumbers, an rufe su da launin rawaya. Suka bushe suka fadi. Dalilin wannan cuta shine dasa cucumbers a wuri guda na shekaru da yawa a jere. Magungunan da ke ɗauke da tagulla suna taimakawa kawar da matsalar.

Canza ƙasa da wurin saukowa yadda ya kamata a kowace shekara don hana cututtuka. Akwai matasan zamani waɗanda ke da juriya ga cutar: F1 Liliput, F1 Cappuccino, F1 Zanachka.

Lokacin da tushen lalacewa ya shafa, bushes kokwamba suna bushewa ba tare da wani dalili ba. Cutar ta tsokane ta da yawan shayarwa da ruwan sanyi, zafi mai zafi, bushewar ƙasa.

Dukan tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu girma, waɗanda ke ba da ‘ya’ya, na iya yin rashin lafiya. F1 Dubrovsky, Borovichok, Zyatek, Bobrik, Harmonist, Cappuccino, Liliput, Berendey iri suna da rigakafi daga cutar.