Kuna iya shuka kayan lambu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa a wurare masu dumi a cikin shekara. Hasken rana zai samar da kyakkyawan aiki tare da murabba’in mita 1 da saurin girma shuka. Amma shin yana da kyau a sami sakamako iri ɗaya ga mazauna ƙasashen da ke da yanayin sanyi? Godiya ga greenhouses, ana iya aiwatar da seedlings a duk shekara. Zai samar da yanayi mai kyau ga tsire-tsire da saurin girma. Duk da haka, komai yadda dakin yake da kayan aiki, sakamakon, da farko, ya dogara da ƙoƙarin mai lambu. Girbi cucumbers a cikin greenhouse: menene matakai na tsarin girma kuma ta yaya za ku iya cimma sakamako mafi girma?
Greenhouse kokwamba samar
Zaɓin tsaba
Mataki na farko – zaɓin iri mai inganci don greenhouse. Mafi kyawun zaɓi har zuwa yau dangane da haihuwa da sauƙin kulawa ana ɗaukar tsaba f1 matasan. Akwai nau’o’in nau’i na musamman da aka tsara don yankunan arewa. Wannan shine Ant, Big Buyan, Trixi.
Shuka da wuri yana buƙatar iri masu jure inuwa waɗanda basa buƙatar pollination kuma tare da tsayin ‘ya’yan itace. Daga cikinsu akwai Maisky, Malachite, Altai.
Tsarin gado
Ya kamata a samar da gadaje masu dumbin yawa na taki ko taki a yankunan arewa. Yawancin lokaci suna ba su kayan aiki a cikin bazara ko farkon lokacin rani, a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko yanayin greenhouse.
Gadaje taki
Gadaje taki zabi ne mai kyau. Saniya ita ce mafi dacewa, a matsayin madadin: doki. Wannan suturar dabi’a za ta samar da ƙasa da muhimman abubuwan gina jiki. Yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da tayin da ke fitowa a lokacin girma.
Ana ajiye taki a cikin gado na mita kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa maras kyau a cikin Layer 25 cm. Wannan yana biye da yawan shayarwa. Ana shuka iri a cikin adadin tsire-tsire 3-4 a kowace murabba’in mita 1. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine rashin buƙatar shuka ko jiƙa tsaba kafin dasa shuki. A saman seedlings ana iya rufe shi da fim don inganta tasirin thermal.
Hankali! Yi hankali game da zafin jiki na gadaje masu zafi – kiyaye matsakaicin zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 25, shayar da ɗakin, kuma ku kula kada ku ƙone kanku. Tsarin yana dacewa don ɗaya ko wata daya da rabi, don haka daidai lissafin lokacin shuka.
Gadaje masu hade
Idan babu yuwuwar ko sha’awar magance taki, zaku iya amfani da kayan halitta don takin gadaje masu dumi tare da cucumbers: shavings, sawdust, busassun ganye, da dai sauransu. d. Ka’idar saukowa yayi kama da na baya. Sai kawai a wannan yanayin, tsaba suna girma kafin dasa shuki kuma ana sanya su a cikin gilashin ko allunan peat.
Tun da zafin jiki ba zai kasance mai girma ba, wannan hanya ta fi dacewa ga manoma a yankuna masu zafi. ‘Yan Arewa su jira lokacin bazara. Ƙasa mai dumi shine nemo don greenhouses, godiya ga wanda za’a iya girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouses a kowane lokaci na shekara.
Dasa shuki
Fasahar noman Greenhouse tana buƙatar tsaba su wuce kafin shuka. hardening da samun akalla 4 zanen gado, wannan kai tsaye yana rinjayar aiki. Ana dasa shuki kokwamba a cikin greenhouses na hunturu a ƙarshen Janairu da farkon Fabrairu. A cikin bazara, tare da tsarin dumama, a farkon Afrilu, wani ɓangare ba tare da dumama ba, a ƙarshen wata ko ma a farkon watan Mayu (dangane da samuwar biofuel).
Don inganta yanayin yanayin iska da dumama, ana yin saukowa a kan ridges 125 da 35 cm. Ban ruwa na farko. Ya kamata saman guga iri ya tashi sama da gadaje.
Daure cucumbers a bar shi
Tushen yana buƙatar shan iska
Yawancin lambu suna raina mahimmancin wannan mataki a cikin tsarin samuwar shuka. Gasar da ta dace a kan lokaci za ta hana amfanin gona da aka noma rage girman ganyen, kuma a sakamakon haka, rage yawan noman. Manufar ita ce a runtse alaƙar tapestry tare da shayar da shuka akai-akai yayin da yake girma. An ɗaure trellis zuwa firam ɗin waya wanda aka shimfiɗa tare da jere na 1 m.
Samuwar daji na farko yana farawa bayan bayyanar akalla ganye 8, kamar yadda ya cancanta don cikakken shiri. A nodes da ke ƙasa 3-4 rassan ana tara su. A saman, a kan ganye da kan ‘ya’yan itace. Lokacin da shuka ya kai saman waya, babban bulalar yana rauni sau biyu, a ɗaure kuma a dunƙule ƙasa, ba tare da kai mita ɗaya daga ƙasa ba.
Shigar da iska da kuma kula da matakin zafi mai mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci ga tushen tsarin. Wani lokaci waɗannan abubuwan ba su dace sosai ba. Sabili da haka, zafi a cikin greenhouse ya kamata ya kasance a kusa da 75% don biyan bukatun shuka biyu. Ya kamata a kula da kulawa ta musamman lokacin shayarwa a cikin hunturu, kawai da safe, a cikin hasken rana, yin amfani da ruwa a cikin zafin jiki, ba fiye da sau biyu a mako ba. Idan ya cancanta, ƙara zuwa uku. A guji samun ruwa a ganyen daji.
Ƙarfafa yawan aiki
To, waɗanne abubuwa ne haɓakar ƙwayar kokwamba ya dogara da su? Yadda ake samun adadi mai yawa na kwafi:
- dace iri-iri,
- bene mai inganci,
- saukowa lokaci,
- daidai dasa yawa,
- Tufafi da ruwa mai yawa,
- mai kyau matakin haske a cikin greenhouse,
- saita tsarin zafin jiki,
- rigakafin cututtukan fungal,
- kariya daga harin kwari,
- girbi yayin da suke girma.
Don ƙara yawan amfanin gona na ɗaruruwan ‘ya’yan itace, wasu manoma sun juya zuwa taimakon takin mai ɗauke da nitrogen. Babban abu anan shine kada a wuce gona da iri, in ba haka ba cucumbers zai zama cutarwa ga cin abinci. Zaɓin mafi aminci shine amfani da wutar lantarki. A tsakiyar greenhouse, an shigar da tanki tare da takin gargajiya da aka diluted da ruwa. Sabili da haka, ana fitar da nitrogen da oxygen a cikin iska a cikin rufaffiyar daki. Nawa kilogiram na cucumbers za a iya samu daga 1 m2 a cikin greenhouse? Gogaggen lambu suna cire har zuwa kilogiram 30.
Hanya mai kyau da rikitarwa da aka ƙirƙira a farkon ƙarni na ƙarshe ita ce dakatar da ban ruwa na ɗan lokaci. Lokacin da aka sake dawowa, shuka daga damuwa da aka samu ya fara samar da furanni masu yawa na mata, kusan ba tare da fitar da furanni mara kyau ba.
Don cimma wadata mai kyau da inganci na cucumbers a kowace murabba’in mita a cikin greenhouse ko greenhouse abu ne mai sauƙi, idan kun bi duk buƙatun da ake buƙata don dabarun magance seedlings da haɓaka su. Yana da matukar yiwuwa a girma lafiyayyen ‘ya’yan itacen kasuwa tare da ƙarancin amfani da abubuwan ƙara kuzari don haɓaka haɓakar daji.
