Kokwamba abu ne mai wuya amma mai sauƙin shuka amfanin gona mai ban sha’awa. Wani sunanta itace zobo, ko Averoa bilimbi, dangin Sorrel. Abokin dangi na kusa shine Aerochorambol.
Bilimbi itacen kokwamba
Rarraba
Yankin girma na halitta shine tropics da subtropics. Wannan nau’in ya shahara kuma ya yadu a Indiya, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, da Zanzibar.
A cikin 1793, an fara gabatar da Aeroa bilimbi zuwa Jamaica daga Timor da Moluccas, waɗanda ake la’akari da mahaifarta, sannan shekaru da yawa. shekaru ana shigo da shi zuwa Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka da sunan Mimbro. A ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, an fara noman kasuwanci a Queensland. A yau, akwai gonakin kokwamba a Cuba, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina, Nicaragua, Guyana, Suriname, Hawaii, da kudancin Florida.
Halayen shuka
Bayyanar da tsari
Wannan itacen tsiro. A cikin subtropics, tsayin bishiyar kokwamba yawanci baya wuce 10-15 m, a cikin wurare masu zafi ya kai 35 m. A cikin greenhouse, tsayin shuka yana kan matsakaicin 4-5 m.
Ƙananan, ƙamshi, ƙamshi, koren rawaya ko shunayya tare da alamar shuɗi mai duhu ana tattara su a cikin ƙananan inflorescences na panicle. Peduncles suna girma kai tsaye daga gangar jikin. Furen ya ƙunshi petals 5.
Ganyen suna da rikitarwa, tsayin su 30-60 cm, an kafa su ta 11-37 sabanin ganye, tsayin 2-10 cm kowanne.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari, 5-8 cm tsayi, a cikin siffar cucumbers, an tattara su a cikin goge, kamar banana. Naman yana da acidic, gelatinous, tare da ƙananan, ƙwanƙwasa tsaba, kore mai haske a cikin siffar da ba ta da girma, yana juya launin rawaya lokacin da ya girma. Harsashi yana sheki, sirara sosai kuma mai laushi.
A cikin kowane ‘ya’yan itace akwai ɓangarorin lebur 6-7 mai zagaye tare da diamita na kusan 6 mm.
Halayen girma
Matasa masu tsire-tsire suna kula da sanyi da iska, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama akalla 30 ° C. Balagagge samfurori sun zama masu juriya a tsawon lokaci.
Itacen kokwamba yana girma sosai a cikin ƙasa mai wadataccen ƙasa a wuraren da ake samun ruwan sama akai-akai a duk shekara, don haka kusan ba a taɓa samun shi a wuraren da ake damina.
Ana yin yaduwa ne ta hanyar iri, amma Wester ya sami nasarar yaduwa da tsire-tsire ta hanyar amfani da yadudduka na iska mai tsayi 3.8-5 cm.
Rayuwar rayuwar shukar itacen kokwamba baya wuce kwanaki 5.
Aikace-aikace a cikin gastronomy
An samo nau’ikan nau’ikan aikace-aikace a cikin dafa abinci a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban:
- Salsa da aka yi daga ‘ya’yan itace sabo ne sananne a Costa Rica a matsayin kayan abinci na shinkafa da wake, wani lokacin kifi da nama.
- A Indiya, ana ƙara ‘ya’yan itace cikakke a cikin curry a maimakon mango lokacin yin chutney, sau da yawa ana haɗe shi da tamarind mai dadi. A cikin yankunan Kerala da Goa, tare da ƙarin gishiri da kayan yaji, suna yin miya kifi.
- A Indonesiya, Bilimbi ya bushe, ana kiran irin wannan kayan zaki Asam Sunti.
- A Malaysia, a al’adance suna yin marmalade mai dadi.
- A cikin Seychelles, ana yin miya na shark.
Lemonade an yi shi da ‘ya’yan itatuwa
Bilimbi ya ƙunshi babban adadin bitamin C, ana amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace sabo don yin lemun tsami. Domin rage acid din kafin a dafa abinci, ana jika ’ya’yan itacen cikin dare a cikin ruwa sannan a tafasa su da sukari. Kuna samun jam ko jelly dangane da rabo.
Candied furanni ana shirya daga furanni da sukari. Rabin cikakke m cucumbers suna da gishiri da kuma pickled. Ana adana samfurin da aka gama don watanni 3. Ana yin gishiri mai sauri a cikin tafasasshen brine.
Aikace-aikace a cikin maganin gargajiya
- Mutanen Philippines suna amfani da man leaf Bilimbi don ƙaiƙayi, kumburi, rashes, da rheumatism.
- Indiyawa – Daga cizon kwari masu guba. Jiko na ganye yana bugu azaman tonic. Decoction na furanni yana da tasiri ga cututtukan yisti da ciwon makogwaro.
- ‘Yan Malaysia suna amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace a matsayin zubar da ido.
Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka a cikin nau’i na decoctions, infusions, foda ko manna. a baya ana amfani da su a cikin maganin gargajiya don rigakafi da maganin scurvy, kumburin dubura, kiba da dermatosis.
Ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da ke dauke da adadi mai yawa na oxalic acid yana wanke yadudduka da kyau, yana tsaftace tsatsa.
Kunshin ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani:
- oxalic acid,
- bitamin C,
- gawayi,
- sunadarai,
- amino acid,
- tannins,
- muhimmanci mai,
- flavonoids.
An samo abubuwan da ke cikin ganyayyaki:
- tannins,
- alkaloids,
- flavonoids,
- saponina,
- glucosides na zuciya,
- carbohydrates,
- phenols.
Oxalic acid yana motsa aikin tsokoki da tsarin juyayi yana da kaddarorin ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin adadi mai yawa, zai iya haifar da ci gaban urolithiasis.
Tannins sune sorbents na halitta wanda ke cire carcinogens daga jiki.
Mahimman mai suna mayar da ma’auni na ruwa-gishiri, samar da jiki tare da ma’adanai da bitamin masu amfani.
Flavonoids suna shafar aikin enzymes a cikin tsarin juyayi da jijiyoyin jini.
Ana amfani da saponins a cikin shirye-shiryen tonics, expectorant da magungunan kwantar da hankali.
Cardiac glycosides suna tallafawa aikin zuciya na al’ada.
Phenols suna da tasirin disinfecting a kan numfashi da tsarin urinary.
Alkaloids suna da sakamako mai kyau na tonic da analgesic amma suna shafar tsarin jin tsoro.
Cibiyar Nicaragua ta kimiyance ta nuna ingantaccen tasirin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na cire ganye akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus ochraceous da Cryptococcus neoformans.
ƙarshe
Kokwamba Bilimbi shuka ce mai ban sha’awa mai ban sha’awa, kayan shuka masu amfani don yin kayan abinci masu daɗi da miya.
