Masu shayarwa na Jafananci sun haifar da al’adun matasan – Khalif barkono, wanda nan da nan ya sami tagomashi ga masu shuka kayan lambu da yawa saboda halayensa masu kyau.Tsarin yana girma sosai a yankuna da yawa na kewayen birni, yana ba masu mallakarsa girbi mai kyau.
Girma Caliph Pepper F1
Halayen iri-iri
Kowace shuka tana da wasu halaye waɗanda ake la’akari da su lokacin girma. Sanin bayanin al’ada, mai lambu yana da damar samun girbi mai kyau.
An rarraba barkonon khalifa a matsayin nau’in farkon balaga. Fruiting yana farawa bayan kwanaki 90-95 daga lokacin da farkon seedlings ya bayyana.
Noman kayan lambu yana yiwuwa duka a cikin yanayin greenhouse da kuma a cikin buɗe ƙasa. Lokacin ‘ya’yan itace ya fi tsayi.
Bush
daji yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- tsawo na shuka shine 50-90 cm,
- karami ne amma yana bukatar a kafa shi.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itatuwa:
- kayan lambu ne cuboid m tsarin,
- launi na ‘ya’yan itace a mataki na fasaha balagagge fari ne madara, haske kore, ja mai arziki a ilmin halitta,
- naman yana da ɗanɗano, ba tare da halayyar ɗacin barkono ba,
- kayan lambu suna da ɗanɗano, an adana su daidai, suna iya jure wa dogon lokaci ba tare da rasa dandano da kasuwa ba,
- ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna amfani da su a duniya: ana iya amfani da su sabo ne ko don shirya shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Ayyukan
A ƙarƙashin kyawawan yanayi, yawan amfanin ƙasa na barkono Caliph f1 yana gamsar da masu lambu tare da manyan rates: daga 1 m² a kowace kakar zaku iya tattara ƙarin cubes na kayan lambu da aka zaɓa. Manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu nama suna auna tsakanin 100 zuwa 200 g. Zai fi kyau a tattara su a lokacin balaga na fasaha, wanda ba zai jinkirta samuwar ovaries na baya ba.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Daga cikin fa’idodin barkono, an bambanta waɗannan:
- tsiron matasan yana samar da ovaries da kyau a kusan kowane yanayin girma,
- iri-iri yana da matukar juriya ga cuta kamar mosaic taba,
- a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, shuka zai iya samar da girbi mafi girma ga irin waɗannan amfanin gona.
Daga cikin manyan rashin amfani lura da tsarin tushen rauni mai rauni da buƙatar ɗaure da samar da daji.
Seedling namo
muna dasa shuki
Ana ba da shawarar cewa a shuka barkono na Califa f1 a cikin tsire-tsire saboda ciyayi. Lokacin shuka yana da tsawo. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar dasa tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya daidaitawa da sabbin yanayi da sauri.
Yanayi
Domin tsire-tsire su kasance masu lafiya da ƙarfi, wajibi ne a kiyaye yanayi da yawa don girma su. :
- Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don shuka iri ya kamata ya zama 25-28 ° C;
- kwantena don shuka da ƙasa a cikin abin da za a sanya tsaba, yana da kyawawa don kawar da gurɓataccen tururi a baya (zuba bayani mai zafi na potassium permanganate, disinfect da hydrogen peroxide ko wasu hanyoyin anti-picheskim) ko calcination (HOLD primer na minti 30-40). a cikin tanda mai zafi),
- Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a haɗe shi da takin gargajiya aƙalla sau 2.
Lokaci da fasahar shuka
Shuka tsaba na kayan lambu kwanaki 50-70 kafin dasa shuki seedlings zuwa wuri na dindindin. Ana fara shuka a watan Maris da Afrilu.
Fasaha:
- Ana bada shawara don jiƙa tsaba kafin shuka don minti 15-30. a cikin wani rauni bayani na maganin antiseptik (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, da dai sauransu) tare da ƙari na haɓakar haɓaka (Kornevin, Epin, da dai sauransu).
- Ana bushe tsaba bayan an cire su, idan ana so za a iya shuka su, don yin haka, ana sanya su a kan rigar da aka daskare kuma a ajiye su na tsawon kwanaki 1-2 a wuri mai dumi. A wannan lokacin, ba za a iya barin kayan ya bushe ba, don haka ya zama dole don shayar da tsaba akai-akai tare da ruwan dumi ta amfani da bindiga mai feshi.
- Ana sanya iri a cikin akwati na kowa ko a cikin kwantena daban a cikin ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm. Bayan wannan murfin shuka tare da kayan fim kuma sanya wuri a cikin duhu duhu har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana. A wannan lokacin, yana da kyau a watsar da seedlings a kowace rana.
- bayan bayyanar kananan harbe, an cire fim din daga akwati, kuma ana sanya seedlings a cikin dumi, wuri mai haske.
Seedling kula
Matasa da ƙananan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙarin hankali, kuma wajibi ne a kai a kai don shayar da su da dumi, ruwa mai tsafta, guje wa bushewa ko bushewa daga ƙasa. Idan harbe sun yi kama da rauni kuma ba su da rai, suna ba da takin ƙasa tare da suturar saman ruwa tare da abubuwan halitta.
Idan an shuka al’adar a cikin akwati na yau da kullun, bayan bayyanar ganye na gaske 2-3 akan tsire-tsire, an tsoma shi (dasa shi) cikin kwantena daban tare da ƙarar lita 0-3. Tushen tsarin barkono matasa yana da saukin kamuwa da lalacewa, don haka girbi yana da hankali sosai.
Bayan dasawa, barkono na kararrawa na iya daina girma. A cikin wannan lokacin damuwa don amfanin gona, zaku iya amfani da fesa tare da Epin ko wani abu wanda ke haɓaka haɓakarsu.
Seedling dashi
barkono mai dadi da dadi a cikin ƙasa taki
Barkono Khalifa mai daɗi suna girma sosai a cikin haske, mai sauƙi, ƙasa mai kyau. A cikin kaka, ana fara gabatar da takin gargajiya da potassium-phosphorus. A cikin bazara, yana da kyau a wadatar da ƙasa tare da ammonium nitrate (30-40 g da 1 m).
Kwanaki 5-7 kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don lalata ƙasa tare da maganin jan karfe sulfate (1 tablespoon a kowace lita 10 na ruwa).
Ana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai kuma haɗarin sanyi na dare yayi kadan (ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin rani) don noman greenhouse, zaku iya shuka barkono a farkon Afrilu.
Tsarin shuka don matasa Califa f1 barkono: 3-4 bushes ana sanya su a kowace 1 m². Wajibi ne a sanya seedling a cikin rami a daidai zurfin da ya girma a cikin gandun daji, ba tare da fallasa tsarin tushen ba kuma ba tare da ɓoye tushen wuyansa a cikin ƙasa ba. Nan da nan bayan dasawa, yana da kyau a sha ruwa kuma a haɗa amfanin gona zuwa tallafi da aka shigar kusa da shi.
Barkono mai kararrawa suna da saurin juye juye-juye, don haka, dasa iri iri-iri a kusa ba a ba da shawarar ba.
Yana da kyau a shuka wannan kayan lambu bayan legumes, kabeji na farko, ganye ko albasa.
Cuidado
Kula da barkono mai kyau zai ba ku damar samun matsakaicin girbi na kayan lambu masu inganci. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa amfanin gona zai sami rigakafi mai kyau, ƙasa da fallasa ga cututtuka na yau da kullun da hare-hare daga ƙwayoyin kwari na waɗannan kayan lambu.
Watse
Ruwan ƙasa dole ne ya zama na yau da kullun. amma matsakaici. Yawan danshi na iya haifar da cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta na tushen tsarin amfanin gona, kuma rashinsa zai raunana kayan lambu – ganyen zai zama rawaya kuma ya fadi, kuma yawan amfanin gona zai ragu sosai. Yana da kyawawa don musanya shi tare da sassautawa da weeding. Wannan zai adana danshi a cikin ƙasa na tsawon lokaci kuma yana inganta samun iska zuwa rhizome. Wasu manoma suna rufe ƙasa da bambaro.
Abincin
Barkono suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai
A lokacin kakar, ana ba da shawarar barkono don takin aƙalla sau 3-4. Tsare-tsare na tsare-tsare na yanayin tsire-tsire zai ba ka damar ƙayyade abin da ya ɓace daga ƙasa da sauri.
A lokacin bayyanar 1-2 ganye na gaskiya, ana yin suturar farko ta amfani da irin wannan bayani: 2-3 g na superphosphate an kara zuwa 1 lita na ruwa, 0 5 g na gishiri, 1-2 g na gishiri. abun ciki na potassium. Bayan makonni 2, ana maimaita suturar, ƙara yawan takin ma’adinai har zuwa sau 2.
Mashahuri tare da masu lambu waɗanda suke ciyar da barkono da aka yi da nettle, bayani na taki kaza (1:10). Yana da kyau a canza su tare da abubuwan ma’adinai (1 tablespoon na L. Nitrophosphate da lita 10 na ruwa).
Dole ne a yi amfani da takin potassium-phosphorus akai-akai a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke shafar adadin ovaries a cikin amfanin gona da ingancin kayan lambu.
Gyara da kafa daji
An siffanta daji barkonon Khalif a matsayin m, amma wannan baya ceton mai lambu daga buƙatar datsa (datsa) amfanin gona akai-akai. Mahimmancinsa shine kawar da harbe-harbe na gefe, wanda ke hanzarta girma a cikin yanayi mai laushi. Tsuntsaye a cikin zafi ba a so – kasancewar ƙarin foliage akan daji yana kare ƙasa daga ƙawancen danshi da sauri.
Trimming yana ƙarƙashin mafi ƙasƙanci kuma mafi tsayi harbe, ya kamata ku yi ƙoƙarin cimma matsakaicin hasken daji tare da hasken rana. Don kawar da shi kuma ya cancanci ƙarin rassan al’adu. Pasynkovka wuce 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7-10, idan ya cancanta, sau da yawa.
Halifan digiri yana buƙatar samuwar daji tare da ɗaure na gaba. Lokacin da aka kai tsayin daka na 20-25 cm, an cire koli, wanda ke kan babban tushe. Daga cikin sauran harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi, ana ba da shawarar barin fiye da 3-4 ‘ya’yan uwa.
Don hanzarta ripening na kayan lambu, lambu suna ba da shawarar sake cire ɓangaren sama na shrub shuka bayan tsakiyar lokacin ‘ya’yan itace.
Yaƙi da cututtuka da kwari
Daga cikin cututtukan da shuka ke fallasa su, launin toka da fari rot, mildew, busassun latti, baƙar fata, da sauransu. Halifa yana da ƙarin rigakafi ga cutar sankarau kamar mosaic taba.
Sauƙaƙan buckling Waɗannan matakan rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da cuta suna warkar da amfanin gona da ya riga ya kamu da cutar. A matsayin prophylaxis da cututtuka, ana aiwatar da jiyya masu zuwa:
- 0.05% potassium permanganate bayani,
- ‘Previkur’,
- 4% jan karfe chloroxide bayani,
- Liquid Bordeaux,
- gawayi, da dai sauransu.
A matsayin rigakafin cututtuka, yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da tsarin dasa shuki na amfanin gona, kada a yi amfani da ƙasa mai yawa kuma a kai a kai iska a cikin greenhouses. Binciken na yau da kullun na kayan lambu zai ba da damar gano cutar a farkon matakan ci gabanta.
Daga cikin kwari da za su iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga yawan barkono, aphids, mites, slugs, Colorado beetles, da dai sauransu. Ana bi da su akai-akai tare da fungicides na musamman daga gare su, haɗa su tare da wasu hanyoyin (infusions na tafarnuwa, albasa, Dandelion, celandine, da dai sauransu).
Girbi da adana amfanin gona
Dangane da yankin da yanayin da ake girma iri-iri na Khalif, ‘ya’yan itace suna farawa a tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma suna ci gaba har zuwa sanyi na farko. Kayan lambu a cikin yanayin ilimin halitta da balaga na fasaha sun dace da girbi. A cikin akwati na biyu, dole ne a adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa don ripening.
Ana yin girbi kowane kwanaki 6-8 tare da wuka mai kaifi. Wannan zai hana yuwuwar lalata barkono ko karawar sa, wanda zai iya haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin ajiya.
Ana adana kayan lambu a cikin akwatunan katako a cikin sanyi, wuri mai kyau. Ana buƙatar dubawa lokaci-lokaci don cire ‘ya’yan itatuwa da suka lalace daga akwati na kowa. Idan barkono mai dadi na Khalifa yana da tsari sosai, zai iya riƙe halayensa har zuwa watanni 2.
Kalaman Lambu
Wadanda suka girma da cultivar lura da babban dandano halaye na ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari, da kyau kiyaye ingancin da kuma portability. Masu shuka kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar cewa ku kula da yanayin waje na shuka a hankali, yin duk abin da ake buƙata na saman miya.
Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya ga samuwar daji da garter. Yawan amfanin gona na iya haifar da karyewa ko lalata rassan amfanin gona. Yana da kyau a ɗaure ba kawai manyan mai tushe ba, amma har ma rassan rassa masu rauni ga goyon baya.
Halifa kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga mai fara lambu. Ta hanyar bin ka’idodin noma waɗanda suka dace da duk tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, zaku iya jin daɗin girbi mai kyau na kayan lambu masu daɗi da daɗi.
