Dankali scab da hanyoyin magance shi –

Dankali scab a tsakanin lambu ne sau da yawa kuskure la’akari da mafi m cuta. Ba ta da alamun farko na bayyanar cutar. Wasu nau’ikan scab dankalin turawa ba sa bayyana kansu a farkon matakin. Dukkan haɗarin cutar ya ta’allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa kamuwa da cuta yana taruwa a cikin ƙasa kuma kowace shekara yana rage ma’aunin ƙididdiga na girbin dankalin turawa.

Bawon dankalin turawa da hanyoyin magance shi

Nau’in scab

Abubuwan da ke haifar da scab dankalin turawa sune fungi, kuma dangane da nau’in su, ana rarrabe nau’ikan cututtukan fungal da yawa na noman kayan lambu:

• Talakawa,
• baki ko rhizoctonia,
• foda,
• azurfa.

Dalilan kamuwa da cuta

Daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke taimakawa wajen bayyanar da naman gwari:

• shan scab naman gwari akan lafiyayyen dankalin turawa tubers daga ƙwayar ƙasa,
• samun cututtukan shuka tushen amfanin gona,
• canza jujjuyawar amfanin gona da dasa kayan lambu a wuri guda,
• wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa;
• ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa sama da 20 ° C,
• low acidity na ƙasa Layer,
• rashin bin ka’idojin takin ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta – taki da takin.

Lalacewar scab

Kwancen dankali ba ya haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam, amma zaka iya ci voschi rasa darajar sinadirai: idan aka kwatanta da abun ciki na tubers masu lafiya, sitaci ya ragu sau 2.

Tushen dankalin turawa da ba a kiyaye shi ba da kyau saboda haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa wanda suke lalacewa.Tsarin amfanin gona da aka adana a lokacin hunturu ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman kayan shuka ba. An hana su sauka a ƙasa yayin da suke zama tushen gurɓatar ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, za ku sami amfanin gona mara kyau na dankalin turawa kuma naman gwari zai zauna a cikin ƙasa.

Talakawan dankalin turawa scab

Ana ɗaukar kwasfa na yau da kullun a matsayin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal na yau da kullun a cikin gadaje dankalin turawa. Wakilin sa na tushen fungal Streptomyces scabies ya fi son ya zauna a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa mai yashi mai ƙarancin matsakaicin matsakaiciyar acidity kuma yana kunna ayyukansa a yanayin zafi tsakanin 25 ° C da 28 ° C.

Cutar cututtuka

Daga cikin manyan halayen halayen ƙwayar dankalin turawa na yau da kullun:

• kananan raunuka masu launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin tare da inuwar ja ko shunayya,
• m surface na dankalin turawa tubers,
• bayyanar dan kadan santsi ragi ragi a cikin nematodes.

A lokuta masu tsanani kamuwa da cuta na dankalin turawa tubers, da rauni foci karuwa a size da kuma daga baya fara taurare da fashe. Sakamakon tsari shine rubewar kayan lambu.

Rarraba

An talakawa iri-iri na fungi a zahiri ba ya cutar da sauran sassa na dankalin turawa daji, yada yafi ta hanyar tubers.A lokacin ajiya a low yanayin zafi a cikin cellar, na kowa scab naman gwari da dama a cikin wani anabiotic jihar, amma ba ya mutu, wanda ajiye amfanin gona girbe. kuma adana har sai bazara.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban naman gwari sune:

• rashin isasshen ruwa
• takin ƙasa da ɗanyen taki, wanda bai yi girma ba tukuna.
• yawan farar ƙasa.

Rigakafin magani

Kuna iya yaƙi da scab

A kan scab na kowa akan dankali, suna kula da ƙasar da aka yi niyya don dasa shuki kayan lambu. Har ila yau, masu lambu suna ƙoƙarin shuka nau’ikan da ke da tsayayya ga fungi, waɗanda suka haɗa da Kamerz, Domodedovo, Yantarny, Priekulsky, Zarechny.

A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi, yadda za a bi da scab akan dankali, ana bada shawara don fesa tubers iri tare da kwayoyi irin su polycarbazin. ko nitrafen. Ingantacciyar hanyar rigakafi don haɓaka rigakafi da fungi zai zama germination na seedlings a cikin hasken rana. Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa nan da nan bayan an dasa su a cikin ƙasa kuma a cika shayarwa lokacin da tushe ya kai nisa har zuwa 1.5-2.0 cm.

Powdered dankalin turawa ɓawon burodi

Ba kamar nau’in naman gwari na yau da kullun ba wanda ya fi son busasshiyar ƙasa, ƙurar ƙura shine sakamakon aikin Spongospora na ƙasa. Ana ajiye naman gwari a cikin ƙasa mai ambaliya kuma yana da ikon ci gaba da ayyukansa har zuwa shekaru biyar. Mafi kyawun yanayin bayyanarsa ana la’akari da iyakokin zafin jiki daga 10 ° C zuwa 12 ° C.

Cutar cututtuka

Daga cikin manyan bayyanar cututtuka na waje na bayanin cutar halayyar nau’in powdery:

• rufe mai tushe da farin girma.
• bayyanar a kan tushen dankalin turawa na mahara ja-launin ruwan kasa wart neoplasms na daban-daban masu girma dabam.

Rarraba

Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙura yana shafar duka tubers da masu tushe na shuke-shuke, galibi a cikin ƙananan sashinsu. Ana kamuwa da cututtukan fungal ta hanyar sharar da aka adana a cikin ƙasa, amma kuma suna iya yaduwa ta iska. Tushen da suka lalace gabaɗaya suna bushewa yayin ajiya, amma suna fara ruɓe lokacin da zafi ya yi yawa.

Ruwan sama na taimakawa wajen yaduwar cutar foda.

Rigakafin da magani

Irin dankalin turawa Cardinal, Majestic, Yubel suna jure wa irin wannan nau’in cututtukan fungal. Don hana fungi foda, masu lambu sukan yi tsayayya da tsire-tsire masu girma kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin maganin formalin na mintuna 5-7, sannan a rufe su na sa’o’i da yawa tare da zane.

Black dankalin turawa ɓawon burodi

Wakilin causative na black dankalin turawa scab shine naman gwari Rhizoctonia solani, wanda aka kunna a yanayin zafi daga 16 ° C zuwa 18 ° C. Ya fi son zafi mai zafi, alamun su kusan 80-100%. Naman gwari yana tasowa a cikin ƙasa yumbu.

Cutar cututtuka

Babban alamun shan kashi na kayan lambu na kayan lambu a cikin nau’in baƙar fata shine baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ke bayyana a saman tushen amfanin gona. A tsawon lokaci, suna narke cikin manyan foci. Sau da yawa, lambun da ba su da kwarewa suna ɗaukar nau’in baƙar fata na cututtukan fungal daga datti na ƙasa. Tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta suna haɓaka tare da karkatattun ganye.

Yaɗa

Cuta na iya lalata duk amfanin gona

Black dankalin turawa scab, ko rhizoctonia, shi ne mafi hatsari nau’i da kuma rinjayar dukan dankalin turawa daji. Daga baƙar fata iri-iri na fungal cututtuka, dankalin turawa tubers, mai tushe da foliage wahala.The naman gwari tasowa da sauri tsanani, shi ne iya shiga dankalin turawa tubers riga a cikin germination mataki, yin Allah wadai da mutuwar amfanin gona na gaba.

Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar cutar har da lokacin damina mai sanyi a karshen bazara.

Jiyya da rigakafi

Ba a haifar da nau’ikan masu tsayayya da nau’in baƙar fata ba. Idan aka yi la’akari da mummunar barnar da wannan cuta ta fungal ke haifarwa, ana yawan amfani da sinadarai don yaƙar ta. A matsayin rigakafin, masu lambu suna amfani da jiyya na tubers tare da taimakon Integral, Vitavax ko Bactofit. A matsayin ma’auni na agrotechnical, ana ba da shawarar shuka kayan lambu a zurfin da bai wuce 7 cm ba a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi, ba zurfi sama da 12 cm a cikin peat kuma bai wuce 11 cm a cikin ƙasa yumbu ba. Ma’auni na rigakafi zai sauka a ƙasa mai dumi zuwa akalla 8 ° C. Takin gargajiya wanda ya wuce adadin da aka saba yana taimakawa wajen hana nau’in baki daga cutar. Reviews na lambu bayar da shawarar yin amfani da jan karfe sulfate, wanda kana bukatar ka fesa bushes a cikin yaki da baki iri-iri na fungal cuta.

Azurfa dankalin turawa scab

Ma’anar abin da ke haifar da nau’in azurfa shine Helminthosporium solani, wanda zai iya kiyaye mahimmancinsa a yanayin zafi da ke fadowa zuwa 3 ° C. Ana ajiye naman gwari a kowace ƙasa, loam ko yashi mai yashi, lokacin da zafi ya kai matakin 80-100% .

Cutar cututtuka

Daga cikin manyan alamun waje na scab dankalin turawa akwai tabo akan tubers dankalin turawa tare da tint na azurfa, wanda ke mamaye kusan kashi 40% na saman amfanin gona. Da farko, aljihu na baƙar fata suna barewa, suna yin launin toka, kuma kayan lambun da abin ya shafa sun fara bushewa suna murƙushewa, suna raguwa.

Rarraba

Cutar fungal tana yaduwa zuwa matakin fure na kayan lambu tare da samuwar amfanin gona mai tushe. Kwancen dankalin turawa na azurfa wanda ke riƙe da aikinsa ko da a yanayin zafi mara kyau a lokacin ajiya yana rinjayar tubers masu lafiya, yana haifar da asarar amfanin gona da aka girbe da kashi 40%.

Jiyya da rigakafi

Ana yin rigakafin rigakafin tubers dankalin turawa ta hanyar sarrafa kayan lambu da sinadarai kafin adana su da Nitrafen ko Botran.

Gabaɗaya matakan kulawa

Kowace nau’in cututtukan fungal da aka yi la’akari da shi yana da nasa wakili na causative, amma a cikin yaki da rigakafin rigakafi da magani ana amfani da su gabaɗaya.

Noma

Daga cikin hanyoyin magancewa da kawar da scab dankalin turawa, babban wuri a cikin dukkanin hanyoyin shine daidaitaccen jujjuyawar amfanin gona, yana nuna cewa shukar kayan lambu yana canza wurin dashensa kowace shekara, kuma a cikin ƙasa mai kamuwa da cuta, tare da fungi, ba a dasa kayan lambu don at akalla shekaru 4-5. Wannan lokacin ya dade da naman gwari ya mutu, an hana shuka wasu amfanin gona masu saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, irin su karas, barkono, tumatir, aubergines da beets, a kan gurbatacciyar ƙasa. Masu lambu suna samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar canza nau’ikan shukar dankalin turawa da albasa ko legumes.

Barkewar cutar na faruwa ne sakamakon sabon taki da aka shigar a cikin kasa.

Ana amfani da shukar koren taki a matsayin ma’aunin magani ga ƙasa mai kamuwa da cuta, daga cikinsu akwai kayan lambu, hatsi da mustard suna taimakawa wajen kula da ƙasa akai-akai. Kofuna na gefe waɗanda suka kai tsayin 10-15 cm ana haƙa tare da ƙasa. Ragowar rates na gefe za su zama tushen bayyanar saprophytic fungi da kwayoyin cuta, waxanda suke abokan gaba na scab fungi, suna taimakawa wajen warkar da ƙasa mai cutar.

Da takin mai magani

Scab, musamman, iri-iri na yau da kullun suna bunƙasa a cikin ƙasa alkaline, don haka takin ƙasa da manganese da boron kafin shuka dankali zai zama shinge ga ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Don 100 m2, ƙimar hadi zai kasance:

• ammonium sulfate – 1.5 kg;
• superfosfato – 2.0 kg;
• calimagnesia – daga 2 zuwa 5 kg;
• jan karfe sulfate – 40 g;
• manganese – 20 g,
• boric acid – 20 g.

Shirye-shirye

Jiyya da matakan kariya suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da maganin shuka amfanin gona tare da fungicides. Ana bada shawara don ƙone kayan lambu kafin dasa shuki tubers. Sau da yawa masu lambu suna amfani da taimako akan phytophthora Maxim, Fito Plus da Fitosporin. Ana iya amfani da maganin fungicides na ƙarshe don sarrafa tsaba na dankali da ciyayi da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa aƙalla sau 3 a lokacin girma.

Ana iya amfani da ƙananan matakan sinadarai a kan nau’in gama gari. Ya isa a bi da tubers kafin dasa shuki tare da mai kula da girma, alal misali, zircon.

Don kawar da naman gwari akan dankali, mafi karfi fenoramas, Mancozeb, taimako. Ana yin aikace-aikacen sa kafin saukowa.