Dankali yana daya daga cikin kayan lambu da aka fi amfani da su, ba tare da wanda ba zai yiwu a yi tunanin cin abinci na yau da kullum ba. Masu sha’awar lambu da manyan masu sana’ar noma suna neman nau’ikan da za su girma waɗanda ke da kyakkyawar kasuwa da ɗanɗano, gami da samun wadata. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau’in dankalin turawa na Vector. Wannan nau’in nau’in tebur ne kuma yana da kyawawan halaye masu amfani. Dace da dafa dukan dankali, kamar yadda yana da matalauta digestibility. Girman dankalin turawa Vector ba matsala ba ne, saboda yana dacewa da sauri zuwa yanayin yanayi da ƙasa, kuma yana da tsayayya ga fari.
Halayen nau’in dankalin turawa na Vector
Halayen iri-iri
Dankali vector ne matsakaici marigayi, lokacin daga shuka zuwa tushen samuwar shine kwanaki 110 akan matsakaita. Yawan aiki ya bambanta tsakanin 250-540 kg / ha.
A cikin yanayi mai kyau na yanayi zai iya kaiwa 670 kg / ha. Matsayin kasuwa yana da girma sosai, matsakaicin 95%. A lokacin ajiya, yawan sharar gida yawanci kasa da 5%.
Bush
Bushes na wannan iri-iri suna madaidaiciya, ƙananan, amma ba sa jure wa wuce gona da iri. Ganyen suna ƙanana, koren duhu.
Furen suna da girma, launin shuɗi. 10-15 inflorescences yawanci suna girma akan daji.
Tubers
Tushen amfanin gona yana da matsakaici a girman kuma zagaye ko murabba’i a siffar da ƙananan idanu. Nauyin dankalin turawa shine 120 g a matsakaici. Kwasfa na tubers yana da yawa, launin ruwan kasa tare da tinge ja.
Naman yana da ƙarfi, amma m, launin rawaya mai haske. Tushen amfanin gona ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20% sitaci. A lokacin maganin zafi, naman ba ya yi duhu. Sha nitrates a cikin ƙananan allurai.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Bayanin nau’in dankalin turawa Vector yana kama da sauran nau’ikan amfanin gona, amma manoma da yawa suna son wannan nau’in saboda fa’idarsa Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- dandano mai kyau,
- yawan amfanin ƙasa,
- unpretentiousness ga girma yanayi,
- saurin daidaitawa ga yanayin muhalli,
- rayuwa mai amfani,
- saurin fitowar amfanin gona a farkon rabin lokacin girma.
Wani fa’idar iri-iri shine juriya ga cututtukan gama gari na amfanin gona na inuwar dare. Irin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da: dankalin turawa nematode, ditylenchiasis, alternariosis, marigayi blight. Hakanan baya bada rance ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutar da tushen da tubers.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa wannan nau’in ya dace da sarrafa masana’antu. Ana yin soyayyen Faransa daga gare ta, ana samar da sitaci da barasa, kuma ana amfani da su azaman abinci ga dabbobi da kaji. Babu aibu a cikin gaba ɗaya halayen nau’in dankalin turawa na Vector.
Noman dankalin turawa
Tubers dole ne a germinated kafin dasa
Ya kamata a dasa shuka a farkon watan Mayu. Ƙasa a lokacin shuka ya kamata a dumi har zuwa zurfin 10 cm. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ƙasa shine 10ºC. Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da tubers kuma shirya ƙasa daidai da duk yanayin agrotechnical.
Ayyukan gaba yana dogara sosai akan kayan shuka da aka zaɓa. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi tushen amfanin gona don dasa shuki a cikin kaka bayan girbi, masana sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar manyan tubers masu lafiya, tare da matsakaicin nauyin 80 G. Ya kamata a adana kayan da aka zaɓa a wuri mai haske don ya zama kore. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kiyaye shi tsawon lokaci.
A ƙarshen hunturu, ya kamata a duba iri. Sakamakon harbe dole ne a yanke. Kwanaki 30-40 kafin dasa shuki, sanya tubers a wuri mai haske inda zafin jiki bai wuce 15ºC ba. Lokacin da tsayin tsayin 1 cm ya bayyana akan dankalin turawa, ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa. Idan sprouts sun girma kafin lokacin da ake buƙata, kawai ɓoye su na ɗan lokaci a wuri mai duhu.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Wurin haske zai zama mafi dacewa don dasa shuki tushen amfanin gona. Ba za a yi la’akari da matakin acidity na ƙasa ba, madaidaicin abun ciki na hydrogen shine 5 pH. Bugu da kari, kasar gona dole ne ya zama haske, domin a cikin nauyi kasa tubers girma talauci saboda matalauta iska shigar azzakari cikin farji. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga danshi, yayin da kayan shuka ya fara rot a mafi girma.
Ana kuma shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin fall. Dole ne a haƙa shi a hankali don ƙasan ƙasa ta ƙasa ta kasance a saman. Zurfin ya kamata ya kai kusan 30 cm. Dole ne a cire ciyayi kuma a yi takin ƙasa. Don wannan, ana amfani da humus da ash na itace. Ga kowane m2, ƙara 3 kg na farko da 100 g na abu na biyu. Mafi dacewa shine yumbu da ƙasa yashi, da chernozem.
Dokokin shuka
Kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa dole ne a danshi. Zurfin ramin ya bambanta dangane da nau’in da abun da ke cikin ƙasa.
Idan ƙasa ta kasance mai yumbu, ya isa ya tono rami har zuwa zurfin 5 cm. Idan ƙasa ta ƙunshi yashi galibi, to girman rami ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 10 cm. Akwai hanyoyin dasa shuki guda 2: a cikin ramuka da hanyar tsefe. Ana amfani da hanyar farko don ƙasa mai haske, na biyu kuma don ƙasa mai yawa.
Idan kun shuka dankali a cikin ramuka, to, kafin ku sanya kayan shuka, kuna buƙatar jefa ɗan itacen ash a can. Nisa tsakanin ramukan ya kamata ya zama kusan 30 cm. Dole ne layuka su kasance aƙalla 70 cm tsakanin su. Idan an yi saukowa mai zurfi, tare da taimakon mai noma, an yanke ƙugiya, wanda ya kamata ya zama 10 cm tsayi kuma 60 cm fadi. Ya kamata a nutsar da tubers zuwa zurfin 6-10 cm.
Abubuwan Kulawa
Shuka yana buƙatar sassauta akai-akai
Duk da cewa dankali na Vector iri-iri ba su da ƙima don yanayin girma, ya zama dole a bi wasu dokoki don kula da wannan nau’in. Sami girbi mai inganci. Kuna buƙatar fara kula da shuka daga lokacin dasa shuki. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tubers sami iska. Don yin wannan, lokaci-lokaci sassauta ƙasa kuma cire weeds.
A karo na farko bayan shuka, ana iya amfani da rake don sassauta ƙasa. Amma bayan bayyanar harbe, ya kamata a sassauta gadaje bayan moistening ƙasa. Karka yarda ƙasa ta yi tauri. Wasu muhimman al’amura na kula da amfanin gona su ne shayarwa, ciyayi, takin ƙasa, maganin kwari, da hana cututtuka.
Watse
Har sai harbe sun fara farawa a kan bushes Shuka ba ya buƙatar shayar da shi. Amma bayan bayyanarsa, dankalin turawa yana buƙatar hydration akai-akai. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa wannan al’ada ba za a iya cika shi da ruwa akai-akai ba. Danka ƙasa kawai lokacin da ta bushe zuwa kusan 7 cm.
Mafi kyawun lokacin ruwa shine rana. Kowane daji yana buƙatar lita 2,5 na ruwa. A lokacin rani, a lokacin zafi, ya kamata a shayar da dankali a matsakaicin sau 4 a lokacin girma. Bayan wannan hanya, ana bada shawara don sassauta ƙasa.
Taki
Gabaɗaya ana amfani da taki ko zubar kaji azaman taki.
Idan bushes ba su girma da kyau, za ku iya ciyar da su ma’adanai. Yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa ƙasa ta kula da ma’aunin abinci mai gina jiki. Don haka, kafin samar da takin mai magani, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige adadin abubuwan gina jiki da aka riga aka samu a cikin ƙasa da waɗanda kuka shafa kafin shuka.
Idan adadin takin mai magani ya zarce na yau da kullun, to ba a buƙatar ƙarin suturar sama ba, Supersaturation na dankali tare da takin mai magani zai haifar da tabarbarewar ingancin su. Idan har yanzu bushes ba a haɓaka ba idan akwai abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙwayoyin cuta, to matsalar na iya zama alaƙa da cututtuka ko kwari.
Kula da kwaro
Irin nau’in vector yana da tsayayya da cututtuka da yawa, amma yana iya sha wahala daga kwari.
Mafi yawan kwaro shine Colorado dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance shi, duka tare da taimakon shirye-shirye na musamman, kuma tare da taimakon hanyoyin jama’a.
Masu lambu na musamman suna ba da shawarar noma ƙasa da toka na itace, wanda ke korar kwari. Wani zaɓi mai kyau shine shuka calendula, wake, ko wake tsakanin dankali. Wasu runduna suna shuka tushen amfanin gona guda ɗaya a cikin ‘yan makonni kafin yawan dasa tubers. Kuma lokacin da farkon seedlings ya bayyana, kuma kwari sun zo gare su, an cire bushes kawai tare da kwari.
ƙarshe
Vector dankali yana da fa’idodi da yawa waɗanda ke jan hankalin manoma da masu samar da yawa. Ba shi da wahala a girma kuma a sakamakon haka, ana samun amfanin gona masu inganci. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da dandano mai kyau, don haka ana iya amfani da su don dafa kowane tasa, da kuma a cikin masana’antar abinci.
