Al’adun shuka na dangin Solanaceae ya dace da noma a duk yankuna na ƙasar. Lokacin zabar ranar shuka, ana bada shawarar yin nazarin hasashen yanayi, bayanin nau’in da aka zaɓa. Dasa dankali a cikin 2019 zai samar da girbi mai kyau idan an yi shi bisa kalandar wata.
Dokokin shuka dankali a 2019
Abubuwan da ke shafar lokacin shuka
Zaɓin ranar da za a shuka dankali ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. A yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar, yanayin yanayi ya bambanta, don haka farkon aikin lambu ya bambanta. Ana ƙididdige kwanan wata bisa yanayin da aka zaɓa don shuka da iri-iri na tsire-tsire.
Ana shuka dankali a hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke shafar lokacin farawa na wannan hanya:
- amfani da seedlings. Seedlings suna buƙatar aƙalla watanni 3 don girma kafin jigilar kaya. Ana yin shuka a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Maris, kuma ana shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe a watan Yuni.
- a cikin greenhouse. Dangane da lokacin girbi da ake so. Ana dasa dankalin matasa a tsakiyar Fabrairu kuma girbi yana cikin Mayu,
- karkashin bambaro. Ana aiwatar da shi tare da daidaitawar zafin jiki a kusa da 8 ° C;
- a fili. Lokacin dasa shuki ya dogara da haɗakar abubuwa, kamar zazzabi, yanki, da iri-iri.
Bisa kalandar wata
Bayan yanke shawarar iri-iri, sanin yanayin yanayi da wurin saukowa, zaku iya tuntuɓar kalandar Lunar don 2019, wanda zai taimaka muku zaɓi mafi kyawun lokacin saukowa. Ana ba da shawarar shuka tubers don ci bayan sabon wata kuma a sami tsaba kafin sabon wata.
Dasa dankali a cikin 2019, bisa ga kalandar wata, yana kan kwanakin nan:
- Janairu – 27-29 (tsaba),
- Maris – 10-12, 21-25, 27-30,
- Afrilu – 2-5, 24-26, 28-30,
- Mayu – 1-4, 10-12, 13, 14, 27-31,
- Yuni – 1-2, 18-24, 26-30.
Kwanaki marasa kyau:
- Afrilu – 20, 22-23, 27,
- Mayu – 5-6, 19, 26,
- Yuni – 3, 10, 17, 25.
Dangane da iri-iri
Dasa nau’ikan da suka fara girma yana faruwa a watan Afrilu, idan an saita alamun zafin jiki a 12-15 ° C. Girbi na farko yana girma a tsakiyar farkon watan bazara. An dasa dankali tare da matsakaicin lokacin girma (watanni 3-3.5) a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu.
Daga baya nau’ikan tubers ana amfani da su azaman abincin dabbobi a cikin kiwon dabbobi. Suna girma a cikin hunturu kuma suna buƙatar akalla watanni 4 don ciyayi. Mafi kyawun lokacin saukarwa shine rabin na biyu na Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Ya danganta da yankin
Ana bada shawara don tsara aikin saukowa a watan Mayu a tsakiyar yankin Rasha da yankin Leningrad. . Yankin Moscow ya fara rabin wata kafin ya ƙare a watan Mayu. Kwanan wata na iya bambanta saboda yanayin yanayi.
A cikin Urals, lokacin saukowa yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Mayu, amma yana da kyau a jinkirta shi har zuwa Yuni. An ba da izinin shuka dankali a cikin Kuban daga Maris, yana ba ku damar samun girbi fiye da ɗaya a kowace kakar.
Ka’idoji na asali na noma
Dole ne a sarrafa tubers kafin dasa
Ayyuka don shirya dankali don dasa shuki suna farawa a cikin fall. A cikin aikin girbi, ana rarraba tubers, an bincika a hankali, an tsabtace datti kuma a aika su bushe a ƙarƙashin alfarwa. Ana sanya kayan lambu da aka ware a cikin tarunan taru ko (na itace) kuma a adana su.
An ƙaddara kwanakin dasa shuki na bazara daban-daban don takamaiman yanki na Rasha. Dangane da yanayin, dasa dankalin turawa a cikin ƙasa yana farawa a farkon bazara kuma yana ƙare a watan Yuni. A lokaci guda, kayan dasa shuki yana buƙatar shiri na farko, wanda zai ƙara yawan aiki kuma ya kare shi daga kwari.
Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka
Suna fara nazarin kwanaki masu kyau a cikin hunturu, kuma tubers da kansu suna fitowa don watanni 1, 5 kafin ranar saukowa. Kayan dasa ‘wintered’ yana jurewa kafin magani, wanda ke inganta halayen ciyayi.
Ana cire tubers daga cellar kuma ana yin zafi don kwanaki 3-5 a cikin dakin da zafin jiki (23-25 ° C). Wurin da aka zaɓa ya kamata ya haskaka da kyau, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Da farko, sannan ana fitar da digiri na tsakiya da na marigayi kuma a fara zafi.
Kwayar cuta
Disinfection wani abu ne da ake buƙata don ceton dankali daga ƙwayoyin cuta. An ba da izinin wadatar da mafita tare da micronutrients, wanda zai motsa tubers zuwa yawan ‘ya’yan itace. Ana fesa su akan tubers marasa taurin.
Ana amfani da cakuda boric acid (15 g) tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (0.25 g da lita 5 na ruwa) da jan karfe sulfate (5 g) ana amfani da su sosai. tsarma a cikin lita 1 na ruwa.
Dankali tare da kafa idanu kwanaki 2-3 kafin kwanan wata dasa shuki an jiƙa a cikin mafita na gina jiki. Za su taimaka hanzarta aiwatar da girma da kuma samar da m, lafiya tubers. Abubuwan da aka shuka suna nutsewa a cikin wani bayani mai gauraye gaba ɗaya (ruwa – 10 l, abubuwan nitrogen, phosphoric, potassium – 40 g).
Vernalization na bazara
Lokacin dasa tuber yana kama Fabrairu, Maris da Afrilu. Ana aiwatar da tsarin watanni 1,5 kafin ranar da aka tsara aikin. Ana sanya su a wuri mai haske a zazzabi da bai wuce 15 ° C ba, kuma ana juya su kowane kwanaki 5-7.
Hasken ya kamata ya isa ya samar da m, kauri, duhu kore harbe da purple tint. Rashin hasken UV zai haifar da bakin ciki, gatsewa da kodadde launi na harbe. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara kai tsaye akan ingancin harbe.
fasaha yankan
An yanka dankali da sauƙi don haɓaka girma da cikakken ci gaban kayan lambu. Hanyar yana taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan ‘ya’yan itace ta hanyar 12-15% idan an yi watanni 1,5-2 kafin ranar shuka.
Akwai nau’ikan sassan guda biyu waɗanda ke kunna matakai daban-daban:
- kwance.Tsarin ya shimfiɗa tare da nisa na tuber, ɓangaren haɗawa tsakanin halves guda biyu bai wuce 1 cm ba. Hanyar tana kunna idanu, waɗanda ke ɓoye kuma ba sa farkawa a lokacin shimfidar wuri,
- diametral.An shimfiɗa sashe a kusa da dukan kewaye, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba mai girma na ɓangaren daji na dankalin turawa. Zurfin ciki bai kamata ya wuce 1 cm ba.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Zaɓi wurin haske
shuka. Tuber yana da aminci ga abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. Yana da ikon samar da amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa acidic, amma yana da daraja kiyaye ma’aunin acid-base, wanda bai kamata ya wuce matakin 5. Lemun tsami, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman taki, yana taimakawa wajen rage acidity na ƙasa. Shuka dankali yana samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, mai arziki a cikin chernozem.
Shuka kayan lambu yana buƙatar haske, don haka an zaɓi wurin ba tare da inuwa ba. Yana da daraja duba zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa – ya kamata ya wuce 0,5 m. Yashwar ƙasa zai haifar da ruɓewar tubers, raguwa ko lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya.
Hanyar gadaje daga arewa zuwa kudu ana daukar mafi kyau duka. Dasa dankalin turawa zai yi nasara a cikin ƙasa, inda aka dasa radishes, radishes, wake, kabeji, karas da beets a da.
Shirye-shiryen wurin yana farawa a cikin kaka, bayan an girbe amfanin gona na baya. Ta hanyar sassauta ƙasa (amma ba daidaitawa ba), ana maraba da hadi. A farkon lokacin shuka (Maris, Afrilu), ana sake noma gado, idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara yashi.
Dokokin aikin shuka
Ana aiwatar da aikin dasa shuki a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da zafin jiki na buɗe ƙasa ya kai matakin mafi kyau. Banda shi ne shuka tsaba, wanda aka yi a gida a cikin Janairu. Yankunan kudanci suna fara aikin lambu a zazzabi na 6-8 ° C, da yankuna arewa da tsakiya – a 10-12 ° C.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka dankali bisa ga algorithm na musamman:
- Shirya ƙasa don samuwar layi. A ranar da aka zaɓa, ana cire duwatsun daga wurin, a farfasa ƙullun da rake, kuma a daidaita gadon lambun. Mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin layuka shine 60-70 cm.
- a cikin layuka da aka kafa sun tono ramuka tare da zurfin akalla 12 cm. A lokaci guda, lura da nisa tsakanin seedlings na 30 cm.
- kasan ramin an rufe shi da takin gargajiya: humus, ash itace ko takin. An dasa tubers 2 da aka dasa kuma an rufe su da ƙasa.
Cuidado
Sabbin tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali, wanda zai fara faruwa kafin fitowar. Ko da kuwa iri-iri, tubers suna buƙatar wurare dabam dabam na iska, don haka kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a kai a kai.
Hanyar bayan shayarwa yana da mahimmanci musamman: yana hana ƙaddamar da babban Layer na ƙasa. Sabbin tubers da aka dasa ba za su iya ƙyanƙyashe ta cikin haushi mai wuya ba.
A lokacin bayyanar harbe-harbe, ana shayar da tsire-tsire cikin tsari, yana hana ƙasa bushewa fiye da zurfin 6-8 cm. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a faɗuwar rana, don kada rana ta ƙone ganye. Washe gari, ana yin sako-sako da tudu (ban da yankunan kudu).
A watan Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da zafi ya zo, daji yana buƙatar lita 3-4 na ruwa.
Kula da kwaro
Ya kamata a kiyaye gadaje tare da yanke dankali daga harin ƙwaro dankalin Colorado da kuma wireworm. Suna iya lalata ganye da inflorescences, wanda zai rage yawa da ingancin amfanin gona.
An kafa sharuɗɗan aikin rigakafin la’akari da yankin da halayen yanayi. Don hana bayyanar ƙwaro, ana iya binne kwasfa na albasa a cikin rami lokacin dasa. ‘Kura’ na bushes tare da tokar itace mai siffa shima yana taimakawa. Abubuwan amfanin gona na gefe (ganye mustard da Peas) zasu taimaka jure wa wireworms.
Kwanakin Dankali Tono
Je zuwa kalandar Lunar ba kawai lokacin dasa shuki ba, har ma lokacin girbi. Mafi kyawun lokacin don hakar tubers daga ƙasa shine lokacin raguwar wata. Tsarin ciyayi yana raguwa, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna riƙe da duk halayen dandano. Daga wane lokaci ne girbi tuber, dangane da iri-iri:
- farkon – Yuli,
- tsakiyar da marigayi – daga Agusta zuwa Satumba.
Kwanaki masu dacewa don tono dankali a cikin 2019 sune Agusta 2-3, Aug 31, da Satumba 1 – 29 Babu wata hanya da aka ba da shawarar lokacin cikar wata, sabon wata, da husufin. Kwanaki marasa kyau na watan ƙarshe na lokacin rani na 2019 ana ɗaukar su 1 da 30, kuma a cikin Satumba – 28.
