Keep melliferous-itace (itace) wani almara ne na Bahar Rum shrub daga cikin teku-buckthorn iyali. Har ila yau, an san shi da ƙayar Kristi a cikin ilmin halitta. Crimean Tatars suna kiransa Kara-Teken. Sauran sanannun sunayen: siskin, karatshnik ko siskin.
Bisa ga almara, daga wannan shuka ne aka saka kambi na ƙaya, wanda sojojin Romawa suka sanya a kan Kristi. To, a cikin kiwon kudan zuma, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da daraja a matsayin mai kyau, ko da yake whimsical, shuka zuma (mai canzawa a yawan aiki).
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Rarraba
- 2 bayyanar
- 3 Muhimmancin noma
- 4 Agrotechnical
- 5 Yawan aikin zuma
- 6 Kaddarorin masu amfani
Rarraba
Dajin ya yadu sosai a yanayi. Ana iya samuwa a Afirka, da Crimean steppes, Spain, Morocco, a kudancin yankunan Ukraine da Rasha. Wannan tsire-tsire na zuma yana girma a cikin yankunan Caucasus da Asiya ta Tsakiya, yana hawa cikin sauƙi har zuwa mita dubu 1,5 sama da matakin teku.
Ƙayar Kristi ba ta da fa’ida: tana da tushe daidai da rafuka, tare da gaɓar tafkunan ruwa da kuma kan tudu da aka lulluɓe da dutse, cikin kwazazzabai.
bayyanar
Wannan ƙananan shrub ne, sau da yawa bishiyar ƙaya ce mai tsayi har zuwa mita uku, tare da rassan rassan da ba su dace ba, an rufe su da ƙaya masu kaifi.
Kusa da kowane ganyen da ke can daban, akwai kashin baya guda biyu a lokaci ɗaya, ɗaya daga cikinsu ana nusar da su tare da nuna baya. Yana da matukar wahala a fita daga ci gaba da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na zuma, saboda haka sunan Rasha mai bayyana kansa: derhiderevo.
Inflorescences masu launin rawaya-kore na daji ƙanana ne, an haɗa su cikin ƙananan laima. Suna Bloom daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, dangane da yankin. ‘Ya’yan itacen drupe ne mai launin ruwan kasa har zuwa 3,5 centimeters a girman, yana dauke da kananan tsaba biyu zuwa uku.
Muhimmancin noma
Itacen cellar ana girma ne a matsayin tsire-tsire na ado wanda zai iya samar da shinge mai koren abin dogaro. A cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri, waɗannan shingen rayuwa suna da kyau kuma ana yaba su don kulawar da ba ta da tushe.
Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwan daji. Daga gare su an shirya decoctions curative.
Agrotechnical
Ana dasa shukar zuma a buɗaɗɗe ko inuwa kaɗan (a cikin buɗaɗɗen dazuzzuka). Yana jure lokacin bushewa da kyau. Unpretentious ga ingancin ƙasa da aka yi amfani da shi, zai iya girma a kan loams, sandstones. Ba shi da kariya ga ƙasa mai acidic ko ƙasa. Tushen daidai da kyau a cikin magudanar ruwa da wuraren dam.
A ka’ida, daga wannan al’ada, za ku iya samar da shinge don apiary a tsaye. Duk da haka, bisa ga lura da masu kiwon zuma, shukar zuma ba ta ba da cin hanci mai kyau ba: a cikin shekara guda yana fitar da isassun nectar, kuma a cikin sauran ba ya kawo wani amfani ga ƙudan zuma.
Yawan aikin zuma
Tun da shukar zuma ba ta yaɗu ba, ci gaba da kurwar daji ba ta da yawa, masu kiwon zuma ba su da masaniya da ita ta fuskar yawan amfanin zuma.
An san cewa yana da itacen zuma, wanda ke ba da cin hancin rani mai kyau. Tsarin furanni yana ba ƙudan zuma damar samun sauƙi zuwa nectar da pollen. Bugu da ƙari, kowane ƙaramin fure yana fitowa akan matsakaici har zuwa 0,7 MG na nectar yayin lokacin fure mai aiki (Yuli, Agusta).
Daga hekta daya na gonaki masu yawan gaske, makiyayan apiyanes suna samun zuma mai nauyin kilo 60 zuwa 70 na kasuwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa sauran muhimman amfanin gona na zuma suna fure lokaci guda tare da itacen. Alal misali, sage, mai zaki, clover, motherwort, sloe, blush. Haka nan kuma su kan samar da karfin karbar rashawa a wannan lokacin.
Amma Nectar da aka tattara daga itacen yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci na musamman: ba ya haɗuwa da wasu nau’in, kamar dai yana matsi zuma daga wasu tsire-tsire a cikin yawansa. Kasancewa mai tsabta, ba tare da ƙazanta ba, wannan nau’in yana riƙe da ɗanɗanonsa, ƙanshi na dogon lokaci kuma a zahiri baya yin crystallize. A cewar wasu rahotanni, tsarin ruwa na samfurin ya kasance har zuwa shekaru biyu ko uku.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Derzhiderevo shine tushen tushen sucrose, tannins, saponins, da flavonoids. zumar da aka samu daga daji tana da yawan kaddarorin magani:
- yana inganta aikin hanji tare da maƙarƙashiya, yin aiki a matsayin mai laushi mai laushi (amma daga ‘ya’yan itatuwa, akasin haka, suna shirya wani magani mai mahimmanci don zawo: ana ɗaukar cokali uku na busassun shirye-shirye don thermos na lita daya);
- yana inganta tsammanin phlegm don mura da mashako;
- Yana aiki azaman tonic na gabaɗaya don ƙarancin bitamin, yawan aiki, gajiya.
Ana amfani da shi a waje azaman ɓangare na kayan gyaran gida. Yana da tasiri mai amfani akan fata. ‘Ya’yan itãcen daji a cikin nau’i na broth mai kauri an san ko da za a yi amfani da su don magance eczema.
