Fiye da shekaru 70 da suka wuce, shahararren mai kula da kudan zuma na Faransa R. Delon ya haifar da hikimomi na musamman, wanda ya ba masanin kimiyyar shaharar da ta dace. An ba wa marubucin suna ne bayan ƙirar Climatstable (tsayayyen yanayi). Daga cikin masu kiwon zuma a cikin Ƙungiyar, an san shi da Hive Alpine.. Siffar sifa ta irin wannan gidan ita ce yanayi a matsayin kusa da yiwuwar aiki na halitta da jin dadi ga masu apiary. Yawancin ƙwararru suna kamanta kula da amya mai tsayi da wasan yara da tubalan.
Menene hive mai tsayi?
Manufar ƙirƙirar hive na musamman tare da masanin kimiyya shekaru masu yawa. Kuma ya yi nasarar gano hakan. Tuni a cikin tsufa, apiary na mai shi yana da iyalai kusan 1000. Alpine amya ya bazu a kan wani yanki na fiye da murabba’in kilomita 120. Amma wannan bai tilasta wa mai shi ba da kulawa ta yau da kullun a irin wannan yanki mai girma. Manufar ku ita ce mafi girman kuɗin shiga da mafi ƙarancin farashi, wanda aka warware cikin nasara.
Alamar farko ita ce ramin tsohuwar itace. Girbi mai yawa ya sa masanin kimiyya ya yi tunani kuma an ƙirƙiri hita mai tsayi, wanda ya ƙunshi gine-gine da yawa. Kamar yadda Roger yayi jayayya, a cikin yanayi, ƙudan zuma suna rayuwa akan zane. Yanayin rayuwa a cikin amya na gida ya bambanta sosai. Wannan wuri ne da aka rufe da ɗan samun iska. A lokacin lokacin tattara zuma mai aiki, sararin ciki na hive ya kamata ya kasance da iska sosai. Bai kamata haka ya kasance a sauran shekara ba. Amma waɗannan ba duk yanayi bane don ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da na halitta gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Taimako
Hive mai tsayi na zamani yayi kama da ginin da aka saba da shi, amma tare da canje-canje na asali. Yana da ƙofar shiga guda ɗaya, wanda ya fi kama da tsaga mai sauƙi.
Sabanin iƙirari game da motsin iska, babu hayaƙi.
- Iska ta shiga cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, a ciki yana zafi da ƙudan zuma kuma, riga a cikin nau’i na oxygen, cike da carbon dioxide da samfurori na rayuwa, ya tashi.
- Iskar a hankali tana yin nauyi kuma tana nutsewa zuwa kasan hive, zuwa ramin famfo.
- A kasan hive, ana maye gurbin carbon dioxide da iska mai kyau.
wannan Motsin iska a cikin hive mai tsayi yana faruwa koyaushe.… Kuma wannan shine mafi kyawun yanayin don ingantacciyar aikin iyali. Iska mai zafi a saman hive na iya haifar da kumburin ciki. Amma an cire wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa nan da nan a ƙarƙashin murfin akwai mai ba da abinci, wanda ke aiki a matsayin matashin kai. A lokacin lokacin tattara zuma mai aiki, tsarin irin wannan amya zai iya kaiwa tsayin mita daya da rabi.
Siffofin zane
Kowane hive mai tsayi ƙaramin tsari ne, madaidaicin girman wanda shine 30 × 30 cm. An jera su a saman juna yayin da iyalai ke girma, wanda ke kwaikwayi yanayin yanayin ƙudan zuma. Kowane akwati yana da firam 8, waɗanda aka yi da waya mai sauƙi. Yana kama da wanda aka nuna a hoton.
Mahaliccin da kansa ya kula da iyalai dubu a cikin tsaunukan Alpine. Abin da ake bukata shine kasancewar tsarin abinci a saman, wanda ke kare kariya daga zafi da kuma hana samuwar nama.
Abũbuwan amfãni
Daga cikin masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda ke amfani da hive mai tsayi, lura da fa’idodin halayen:
- saurin ci gaba bakwai;
- yawan adadin zuma mai yawa;
- kananan nauyi na kowane hive (har zuwa 20 kg.);
- mafi ƙarancin yanki don sanya apiary;
- spring tsaftacewa downtime;
- mafi kyawun microclimate;
- ƙwan zuma masu inganci waɗanda ƙudan zuma ke ƙirƙirar kansu;
- mafi ƙarancin farashin da ake buƙata don fita.
Wasu rashin lahani na kiwon kudan zuma mai tsayi
Ba shi yiwuwa a ce zane yana da ban mamaki. Ƙananan illolin kiwon zuma a cikin amya mai tsayi sune:
- gina jiki mai zaman kanta ba tare da kulawa ba, wanda ke haifar da matsawa na ƙananan;
- saurin ci gaban iyali, kodayake yawancin ba sa la’akari da shi a matsayin hasara;
- matalauta rayuwa na talakawa hive iyalai;
- rashin shirye-shiryen da aka yi don siyarwa;
- Yana da wahala a shimfiɗa amya mai tsayi kamar yadda yawancin masu kiwon zuma sukan yi amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyin kiwo.
Amma wannan ba ƙa’ida ba ce da ke hana waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar apiary. Mai kula da kudan zuma Roger Delon da kansa ya lura cewa kudan zuma sun taimaka masa ya zama hamshakin attajiri wanda zai iya biya da yawa.
Yi hive mai tsayi da hannuwanku bisa ga zane.
An riga an nuna cewa zane na hive yana da sauƙi. Ko da ƙarancin gogewa tare da kayan aikin kafinta da umarnin mataki-mataki da aka tsara za su ba ku damar ƙware da sauri cikin dabara. Shirya a gaba:
- slats
- shingen katako;
- allon goge;
- screwdriver, saw ko jigsaw.
Yi jikin hive
Khomich apiary ne ke samar da tsarin kera hive. Don yin jiki, shirya allon katako guda hudu. Zai fi kyau idan katakon Pine ya bushe sosai. Kuna buƙatar gutsure biyu na masu girma dabam (mm.):
- 360 ta 230 – don ganuwar;
- 324 ta 57 – don kasa.
Yi maganin marasa lafiya tare da maganin antiseptik. Yi shelves akan bangon da za su gyara firam ɗin gaba. Suna kuma da sauƙin yin kanka. Gyara bangarorin kwalkwali tare da screwdriver. Yi ramukan a cikin tankuna masu mahimmanci don motsa tsarin. Aikin aikin yakamata yayi kama da hoton da aka nuna.
Masana’antar bango
Don yin bango, za ku buƙaci katako na Pine guda ɗaya, wanda kauri ya kasance akalla 30 mm. Tabbatar kula da saman ciki tare da maganin antiseptik kuma fenti na waje.
Rike sararin buɗewa a cikin faɗin / tsayin 30/7 mm. Ya kamata a yi allon gamawa a kusurwar da ba ta wuce digiri 45 ba.
Yi kaset
Ana buƙatar kaset ɗin don ƙwayoyin sarauniya da adana jelly, kuma ana amfani da su yayin jigilar amya.
Ƙirƙirar rufi
Rufe, mai ciyarwa ne. Wani nau’i ne na sanwici, wanda yawanci suke amfani da shi:
- na bakin ciki plywood zanen gado, fiberboards, furniture allon;
- insulating abu sandwiched tsakanin wadannan zanen gado;
- kayan ado na waje (kowane kayan rufi).
Rufin da aka gama ya kamata ya zame ciki da waje daga cikin harka ɗin ba tare da wahala ba. Yana kama da nau’in jiki mai yawa, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoton.
Yi firam
An riga an ambata cewa tsarin hive mai tsayi bai saba da kowa ba. Suna da wuyar samun siyarwa, ba sauƙin yin kanku ba. Don yin wannan, hašawa igiya frame a kan mashaya, girman wanda (mm) ne 320 by 25 by 9. Jimlar tsawon irin wannan workpiece ne 730 mm. Shirya firam takwas don kowane hive. Kudan zuma suna shirya combs da kansu kuma a farkon tarin za su yi kama da wanda aka nuna a hoton.
Zamanin Khomich na kasa
Ba da dadewa ba, shahararren ɗan ƙasar Faransa, abokin aikin sa Vladimir Khomich ya ɗan inganta shi. Ya tace hive don dacewa da firam 108mm. An kuma san marubucin da yin amfani da amya mai tsayi a kan dandamalin wayar hannu wanda yake yawo da shi idan lokacin ya zo. A cikin hunturu, amya suna zama a wuri ɗaya.
A hankali ƙaura na ƙudan zuma
Matsar da iyalai a cikin amya mai tsayi shine matsala ta gaske ga masu kiwon zuma waɗanda suka yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa irin wannan tsarin. A cewar masu kiwon zuma da yawa, wannan wani lokaci yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci. Amma, idan an saita aikin, to babu wani amfani a tsayawa a tsakiya.
An mamaye mahaifar a cikin babban sashin jikin, wanda aka raba ta da diaphragms na rufin. Bayan bayyanar matasa, yana haɗuwa tare da sauran ƙudan zuma. A cikin sabon hiki, yana haifar da mahaifa ya kara damun ƙwai. Don yin wannan, ana iya sanya shi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan. Hawa sama, godiya ga iyawar halitta, yana yin ƙwai a hanya. Masu sana’a suna ba da shawarar yin haka a farkon watan Mayu. Sa’an nan kuma farkon matasa girma zai bayyana tare da flowering na acacia.
Mahimmanci!
Lokacin kiwo a cikin amya mai tsayi, sanya maras kyau tsakanin amya da ke zaune. Babban sararin samaniya yana haifar da yawan kiwo.
Muhimman ƙa’idodin aiki
Babban bambanci a ajiye iyalai a cikin amya mai tsayi ana lura da shi a lokacin hunturu. Matsar da iyalai masu ƙarfi zuwa amya mai bene ɗaya. Rashin ƙarfi ya tsaya a kan mataki mai tsayi. Mahaifa tare da tsintsiya an sanya shi a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci kuma a cikin sashin jiki na sama akwai ramukan da aka samar da pollen da zuma.
Yin hanyarsu zuwa ɗakin sama, ƙudan zuma a hankali suna sakin ƙananan. Ana cire injin lokacin da babu sauran kwari a cikinsa. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa tare da farkon kwanakin dumi na farko. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu kiwon kudan zuma suka yi imanin cewa kulawa yana kama da wasa da tubalan.
