Cutar cututtuka na kaji daga kajin kaza yana ɗaukar kajin sau da yawa, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kananan dabbobi.
Kaza da kaza pullorosis
Bayani kan yanayin pullorosis
Cutar da ake kira paliosis na kaji shine hanji, yana shafar gabobin kaji. Yana haifar da matakai masu kumburi a cikin ovaries a cikin tsuntsu mai girma, wanda ke haifar da vitelline peritonitis. Daga cikin nau’o’in cututtuka masu yaduwa: dysentery, farin zawo na bacillary (diarrhea).
Wani fasali na musamman na pullorosis a cikin kaji shine hanyar asymptomatic.
An gano lokuta na farko na m pulorosis na tsuntsaye a cikin 1889. Sannan masana kimiyya na Ingila sun kira wannan cuta salmonellosis na tsuntsaye. An gano ma’anar cutar Pullorosis a cikin kaji a cikin 1900. Zazzabin Typhoid, Pullorosis, da an yi rajista a yankin Turai a cikin 1913, kamuwa da cuta na hanji ya bayyana a cikin gonakin kaji na Rasha a 1924, lokacin da aka shigo da kaji da turkeys tare da alamun cutar.
Sakamakon illolin pullorosis a cikin kananan dabbobi adadin mutuwar kaji ya kai 70%. Bugu da kari, lalacewar tattalin arzikin da ta ke tattare da shi yana da nasaba da raguwar yawan kajin manya, da raguwar samar da kwai da kuma kyakykyawan kyakykyawan zamani a sakamakon matsalar ci gaban tayin. Lokacin da Pullorosis ke tasowa, kaji matasa da turkeys sun fara rasa nauyi, wanda ke shafar halayen kiwo kai tsaye.
Hoton etiological na pullorosis
Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin tsari na Salmonella, wanda shine sandar gram-korau na tsaye wanda ba ya haifar da spores ko capsules. Microbiology yana rarraba abin da ke haifar da zazzaɓin typhoid a cikin tsuntsaye a matsayin aerobic.
Don aikin bacillus mai kamuwa da cuta, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 38 ° C tare da pH na alkaline na 7.5.
A cikin matsakaicin na gina jiki na yau da kullun, aerobes suna haɓaka da sauri cikin sauri, cikin sauƙi suna samar da yankuna masu kama da juna na sifofi tare da bayyanannun kwane-kwane da rigar ƙasa kaɗan. pullorosis na iya ninka kusan, sannan yayi girma a cikin busassun mazauna.
Maganin cutar zazzabin typhoid yana da matukar juriya ga abubuwan waje. Don haka, a cikin zubar da tsuntsaye, pullorosis ya ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki 100, a cikin yanayin ruwa ba tare da ruwa ba – har zuwa 200, a cikin ƙasa Layer – har zuwa 400. A lokaci guda, a cikin yanayin tsuntsayen tsuntsaye wanda ba zai iya maye gurbinsu a cikin kwanaki 10 ba, Tsuntsaye pullorosis pathogen ya mutu.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa aerobic pulorosis wanda ya fadi a cikin amfanin gona yayin da yake kula da zafin jiki na 18-20 ° C a cikin bushewar yanayi na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7.
Tsawon lokacin aiki na kamuwa da cutar huhu yana faruwa a cikin yanayin daskararre har zuwa kwanaki 180-190. Ana iya kashe kwayar cutar Pullorosis lokacin da aka yi zafi zuwa 60 ° C na akalla rabin sa’a. A wurin tafasa, aerob ya mutu kawai bayan minti daya, lokacin da aka dafa kwai mai cutarwa – bayan minti 7-8.
Magunguna daban-daban da mafita na iya haifar da mutuwar kamuwa da cuta:
- 1% formalin na iya lalata Pullorosis a cikin mintuna 5,
- don rashin aiki tare da carbolic acid, ana buƙatar maida hankali na 5% da rabin minti.
- zai jimre da manganese, naphtazole, bleach a cikin minti 15-20 tare da chlorine mai aiki.
Masana kimiyya sun lura da hankali na kwayoyin pullorosa ga magungunan rigakafi daban-daban, amma kamuwa da cuta yana da haɗari lokacin da aka gudanar da magani tare da dogon lokaci na amfani da magani iri ɗaya.
Epizootology
Bugu da kari ga kaji (turkeys, turkeys, kaji, hens, Guinea tsuntsaye, pheasants da quail na kaji tawagar), a tsakanin sauran dabbobi da suke yiwuwa ga cutar da pullorosis, zomaye, ornamental aladu da mice. An yi rikodin ƙaramin juriya ga pullorosis a cikin tsuntsayen ruwa.
A cikin broilers, typhus ya fi cutar da tsuntsayen nama. Ana ganin mafi ƙarancin lokuta na palorosis a cikin kaji a cikin nau’ikan kaji waɗanda ke ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai.
Babban hanyar yada cutar ita ce amfrayo, lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ya ratsa ta cikin ƙwai masu kamuwa da jarirai. Har zuwa 50% na waɗannan lokuta ana lura da su.
Ana lura da pullorosis a cikin ƙananan dabbobi, bisa ga nau’in shekaru:
- Kaji 5-7 kwanaki suna fama da pullorosis sau da yawa, cutar ta ci gaba a cikin kwanaki 20.
- Lokacin da suka kai shekaru 20 da ƙari, adadin lokuta a cikin kaji yana raguwa, suna wucewa cikin nau’i na nau’i na nau’i na tsawon lokaci ko ci gaba.
Yaduwar kamuwa da ciwon hanji yana faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- tushen watsa kwayoyin cuta shine marasa lafiya matasa dabbobi da manya kaji masu dauke da kwayoyin cuta, wanda, tare da najasa, saki a cikin muhalli babban tarin abubuwan da ke haifar da pullorosis.
- shigar da pullorosis a cikin kwai kaza yana faruwa ta hanyar abin da ke cikin hanjin marasa lafiya ta hanyar pores na harsashi,
- tushen kwayoyin cuta da suka bar bayan ƙyanƙyashe masu kamuwa da cuta sune fulawa, sharar gida, ruwan sha, abinci,
- Masu ɗaukar mafi yawan tsuntsaye tsuntsayen birni ne (kwakwalwa, tattabarai, jackdaws).
Yawancin kashi 25 zuwa 50% na kaji ne ke ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai masu kamuwa da cutar paliosis, sauran kuma suna mutuwa yayin ci gaban amfrayo.
Hoton cututtuka da na asibiti na zazzabin typhoid
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar da haɓakar pullorosis a cikin kaji da kaji, da yawa suna da alaƙa da yanayin kiwon kaji da ingancin abinci mai gina jiki:
- rashin abinci mai gina jiki da rashin bin tsarin ciyarwa,
- ck kimiyya mazaunin tsuntsaye a cikin gidan,
- overheating ko hypothermia na mutane.
Pathogenesis na kamuwa da cuta
Lokacin da pathogen ya shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta, pathogen a wurin shigarwa, alal misali, daga mucous membranes na hanji, ciki da kuma tsarin huhu, ya fara haifuwa ta hanyar tsarin jini ya fara yadawa ga dukkan gabobin ciki , wanda ke haifar da pathologies. na zuciya, hanta, kodan, ovaries, saifa.
A cikin tsarin haifuwa, pullorosis yana fitar da guba a cikin jiki, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar amfrayo.
Yawancin kajin, lokacin da suke ƙyanƙyashe, sun riga sun kasance masu ɗauke da pullorosis, wanda ke da alamun guba mai tsanani. A cikin jikin tsuntsu mai girma, ƙwayoyin cuta suna haskaka gabobin da ke samar da kwai kuma a wasu lokuta ana fitar da su tare da sanya ƙwai.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da canja wuri na pullorosis da tsuntsaye, lokacin da aka ba da magani mai dacewa, akwai rigakafi ga kamuwa da cuta ta biyu wanda kamuwa da cuta ta hanji ya haifar saboda samuwar kwayoyin cuta a cikin tsiran Pullorosis na kaji. Wannan sifa ta kafa tushen aikin kiwo a lokacin da ake kiwo layukan kaji masu jure cutar zazzabin typhoid.
Alamun asibiti
Lokacin latent na pullorosis na tsuntsaye na iya wucewa daga rana zuwa 20. Hakanan sirrin:
- nau’in haihuwa, wanda kaji sun riga sun kamu da ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai masu cutar.
- siffar bayan haihuwa, lokacin da mutane masu lafiya suka kamu da cutar daga majiyyata a cikin aiwatar da abun ciki na articular.
Tare da nau’i na haihuwa wanda ke tasowa a cikin kwanaki 3-5, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin kaji a cikin nau’i na rashin ƙarfi da rashin barci. Dabbobi matasa sun rasa ci kuma sun ƙi ciyarwa, suna motsawa tare da fikafikan su. Daga cikin alamomin physiological akwai farin zawo. Irin wannan alamun asibiti a cikin waɗanda suka kamu da hanyar bayan haihuwa wanda ke ci gaba daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 5.
Hanyar kamuwa da cuta da canje-canjen pathological
Yawan lokuta masu mutuwa tare da pululosis tsuntsu ya kai 70% kuma ya dogara da nau’in ci gaban cutar.
A m nau’i na ci gaba
Ana lura da shi bayan kwanaki 3 a mako kuma yana tare da ƙarancin numfashi, rashin haɗin kai na kaji da rashin motsi na tsuntsaye. Marasa lafiya yawanci sun daskare ba motsi tare da rufe idanunsu kuma kafafunsu a fadi, wanda likitocin dabbobi sukan nuna a matsayin misali mai kyau na hoton asibiti a cikin hoton. Ana lura da karuwar yawan zafin jiki zuwa 44 ° C. Babban alamar ci gaba mai tsanani na pullorosis shine babban zawo. Sakamakon m typhus a mafi yawan lokuta yana da mutuwa, bayan kwanaki 10-15.
Subacute da ci gaba na kullum
Irin waɗannan nau’ikan yanayin cutar sune halayen tsuntsaye na mako 2-3 da kaji manya. Kaji sun fara yin hasara a cikin riba, sun zama marasa aiki, sun koma baya a cikin ci gaba. Idan an bi da tsuntsaye tare da maganin rigakafi, yawancin kaji sun warke daga cutar.
A cikin manya broilers, babu alamun alamun pullorosis, cutar ta ci gaba ba tare da alamun asibiti na musamman ba. Lokaci-lokaci ne kawai za’a iya lura da canji a cikin samar da kwai ta hanyar raguwa. Wasu mutane suna da yanayin rashin jin daɗi, rage cin abinci. Tare da haɓakar typhus na tsuntsaye, ana rubuta lokuta na ƙishirwa da ƙarancin numfashi. Yadudduka suna haɓaka peritonitis. Tare da bayyanar pullorosis a cikin broilers, ana lura da gurgu da bayyanar cututtuka, a cikin haɗin gwiwar gwiwa suna kumbura a cikin tsuntsaye. Adadin mace-mace a tsakanin manya kaji bai wuce kashi 5% idan an yi maganinsu da wuri.
Pathologies
A sakamakon ci gaban pullorosis a cikin jiki a lokacin bude embryos, matasa dabbobi da manya pathological canje-canje na ciki gabobin aka lura:
- karuwa a cikin hanta, splin, da gallbladder cike da duhu kore bile,
- tarin farin uric acid salts a cikin dubura,
- kasancewar foci na necrosis a cikin ƙwayar huhu, zuciya,
- hanyoyin kumburi a cikin hanji,
- a gaban kumburin follicular.
Bisa ga bayanan epizootological da aka samu, likitocin dabbobi suna yin ganewar asali tare da la’akari da alamun asibiti, shekarun tsuntsu, nazarin ilimin cututtuka da aka samu.An yi ganewar asali na ƙarshe a gaban nazarin kwayoyin cuta na sababbin gawawwakin tsuntsaye ko a vivo ganewar asali na manya. daga jini drop dauki.
Magunguna da matakan rigakafi
Daya daga cikin mafi inganci hanyoyin don rigakafin pullorosis ne bacteriophage amfani da baki a cikin wani kashi na 2 ml. Ana gabatar da shi sau biyu tare da tazara na kwanaki 2. A rana ta uku, ana amfani da wannan magani azaman allurar subcutaneously a cikin ƙarar 0,5 ml.
Ana gudanar da jiyya na marasa lafiya tare da kwayoyi daga rukunin maganin rigakafi, wanda ya haɗa da:
- furazolidone, gauraye da 0.04-0.06% abinci na kwanaki 15 tare da maimaita magani bayan hutu na kwanaki 3-5,
- Furdine mai guba mai guba tare da kashi na 200 MG a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyi, an ƙara shi don ciyar da kwanaki 10,
- Ana amfani da su azaman ƙari don ciyarwa da ruwan sha, sulfadimezine a cikin ƙarar har zuwa 1% na makonni 2 tare da maimaitawa bayan tazara na kwanaki 2-3,
- hadaddun avidox da colimycin.
Idan da dabbobi sabis diagnoses lokuta na typhoid da typhus, da zartarwa reshe na yankin yanke shawara a kan ayyana wani dysfunctional halin da ake ciki da kuma tallafi na ƙuntata matakan kiwon kaji da turkey kaji, shi ne da za’ayi wani m magani da kuma. zubar da kisa. Ci gaba da labarin …
