Gudanar da kwari na kudan zuma a cikin apiary –

Kudan zuma na zuma suna da makiya da yawa daga duniyar kwari da tsuntsaye. Wasu suna lalata manya ko lalata su, wasu suna lalata tsarin kakin zuma, suna cutar da matasa, suna cin gurasar kudan zuma, suna satar zuma.

Tare da kwari da maƙiyan ƙudan zuma, masu kiwon zuma dole ne su yi yaƙi mafi kuzari, tun da rashin kulawa da matakan kariya a cikin wannan yanayin zai haifar da lalacewar kuɗi ta hanyar raguwar haɓakar apiary da mutuwar ƙudan zuma.

Abun cikin labarin

• 1 Aves
• 2 Sandan ruwa
• 3 Asu
• 4 kashe asu
  • 4.1 Sulfur dioxide fumigation
• 5 Kashe rodent
  • 5.1 Tarko na gida
  • 5.2 Koto mara guba
• 6 Tsuntsaye masu ban tsoro

Aves

Daga cikin tsuntsayen dake fusata masu kiwon zuma, shahararrun su ne:

Masu cin kudan zuma manyan mafarauta ne masu duhun baya da launin ruwan ciki. Suna ci da son rai kwari: bumblebees, wasps, zuma ƙudan zuma.

Bayan an gano hanyar iska da kudan zuma ke jigilar cin hancin zuwa amya, masu cin kudan sun shiga cikin tsari don lalata su, tare da rage yawan ma’aikata cikin sauri. Masu cin duri suna kama ƙudan zuma a kan kuda, su ciji kololuwar cikinsu, su jefar da shi, su hadiye sauran abin da aka kama. Farautar tana ƙarewa ne kawai lokacin da goitar tsuntsu ya cika da abinci.

Kururuwa Wani nau’in tsuntsaye ne masu tsaurin kai ga kudan zuma. Akwai nau’ikan mafarauta masu fuka-fukai da yawa waɗanda ke farautar apiaries: shrike mai fuska baƙar fata, jajayen gashi, da shrike shrike. Abubuwan da ake so na abinci na tsuntsaye sune kwari masu tashi daban-daban. A cikin apiaries, mafarauta za su lalata ƙudan zuma masu yawa.

Masu cin kudan zuma Tsuntsaye ƙanana ne masu haske. A tsawon sun kai 21-25 centimeters. Ana iya bambanta mafarauci da wuyansa rawaya mai launin zinari, bayansa mai launin ruwan kasa, da jelarsa-kore.

Suna zaune da son rai a kusa da apiaries, sun gwammace su yi gida a cikin burrows a kan tuddai masu tudu da ke kusa da gaɓar tafki na mutum da na halitta, koguna, da kwazazzabai. A cikin kama, tsuntsaye suna da har zuwa qwai 7-8. A sakamakon haka, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, kusa da apiary, dukan garken mafarauta masu fuka-fuki, suna iya lalata yawancin ƙudan zuma a cikin ‘yan kwanaki, yana rage yawan zuma a lokacin babban kwarara.

Tsakar gida Tsuntsaye ne waɗanda galibi suna zama tare da mazaunin ɗan adam kuma suna bayyana marasa lahani a waje. A cikin ƙananan ƙananan, za su iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa a lokacin lokacin hunturu. Kuma abin lura a nan ko kadan ba wai ana cin ’yan ƙudan zuma kaɗan ne a bakin famfo a kowace rana ba.

Tsuntsayen sun bugi ƙwanƙolin saukarwa da ƙudan zuma, wanda ke faranta wa ƙudan zuma lokacin sanyi a titi. Kwari na iya yin firgita sosai kuma su fice daga kulob din. Bugu da ƙari, ƙuƙwalwar polystyrene da aka fadada ba su tsayayya da hare-haren tsuntsaye: kwakwalwan kwamfuta da lahani suna bayyana a cikin kayan da ba su da kyau, suna cin zarafin dukan tsarin gidan.

Harin tsuntsu mai nasara ya ƙare tare da mafarauta suna shiga cikin rumbun filastik, inda suke yawo a ƙasa. Don haka, masu gidan kudan zuma na filastik yakamata su kare apiary daga tit shuɗi.

Sandan ruwa

Wakilan dangin rodent suma suna ziyartan apiary cikin farin ciki: berayen beraye, ɓeraye na yau da kullun da berayen. Suna aiki a kowane lokaci na yini. Kuma fadi da rarraba rodents ya sa yaƙar su musamman m ga beekeepers.

Mafi girman lalacewar kiwon zuma yana faruwa ne ta hanyar berayen da yawa daga cikin nau’ikan da aka fi sani da su:

1. Yaran  – Kwari masu tsayi har zuwa 7 cm suna rayuwa a cikin ciyayi masu yawa a cikin gandun daji, filayen, gefuna daji da farin ciki. Rodents suna da baya mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da fari ciki.
2. Beraye masu launin rawaya an zana su a baya cikin launin ocher mai launin ruwan kasa mai sheki. Akwai tabo mai sauti iri ɗaya akan ƙirji. Ciki yana da fari, girman yana da girma – har zuwa 12-13,5 cm.
3. Itace beraye Suna da jajayen baya da farin ciki. Sun kai tsayin 11-11,5 cm.
4. Berayen filin launinsu ja ne ko launin ruwan kasa. Siffa ta musamman ita ce ɗigon baki a ƙasan baya. Tsawon jiki har zuwa 11-12,5 cm.
5. Gidan beraye an fentin su launin toka, ciki fari ne, tsawon jikin ya kai 11 cm. Suna zaune da son rai a kusa da mazaunin mutane da kuma a kudu da gine-gine na waje, suna tono ramuka a cikin ƙasa.

Rodents na dangin linzamin kwamfuta suna bayyana a cikin apiaries a cikin kaka. Suna tara ramuka a bangon amya ko kuma su hau ciki ta cikin sanduna. Anan, a ƙarƙashin firam ɗin, suna ba da gida, suna lalata saƙar zuma. Suna halaka ƙudan zuma da son rai ta hanyar cin nonon kwari masu rai da matattu. Suna cin zuma da gurasar kudan zuma. A cikin ɗakunan ajiya na saƙar zuma da na baya, suna lalata firam ɗin, suna yin kiliya.

Ƙanshin ƙamshin ƙamshi da tashin hankali na rodents yana damuwa da ƙudan zuma: kwari suna barin hive a farkon dama, lalacewa ta hanyar berayen. Ƙwayoyin zuma masu wari kamar zubin linzamin kwamfuta ba sa karɓar kudan zuma suma; dole ne a jefar da shi.

Yankunan lokacin sanyi da ma’ajiyar saƙar zuma kuma ana iya cika su ta berayen launin toka, baki, ko ja. Suna yin barna sosai, kamar beraye, lalata kayan kiwon zuma, lalata amya da cin ƙudan zuma.

Asu

Asu kakin zuma asu ce mara kyan gani, wadda ta yadu a dukkan yankuna sai arewa. Akwai nau’ikan wannan kwari iri biyu:

1. Babban asu Yana da jiki mai launin ruwan kasa da fuka-fuki masu launin toka masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ya kai tsayin 1,5-2 centimeters.
2. Karamin asu An zana shi a cikin launi mai launin toka mai launin toka monochromatic. A tsawon, jikin kwaro bai wuce santimita 1-1,2 ba.

Kwaro yana da yawa sosai. A cikin makonni biyu na rayuwa, mata suna yin matsakaicin ƙwai 600 zuwa 800. Sau da yawa ana sanya ƙwai a cikin datti da aka tara a kasan gidajen kudan zuma ko kuma cikin tsaga a tsarinsu. A cikin yankuna masu rauni, butterflies suna rayuwa kai tsaye a cikin tsefe, wanda ke ba da damar samun damar samari zuwa abinci.

Larvae masu ƙyanƙyasa suna da motsi mafi girma: suna motsawa tare da combs, suna cin kakin zuma, gurasar kudan zuma da ragowar kudan zuma. Lokacin aiki na ci gaba da ciyar da kwari yana har zuwa kwanaki 40. Bayan haka larvae sun fara tashi. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, ci gaban asu yana raguwa kaɗan. Yana iya ɗaukar matsakaita na kwanaki 75 zuwa 85 kafin kurciya. Kuma lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa +10 digiri, tsutsa sun daina motsi, suna ciyarwa kuma su shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali. A cikin wannan jiha, da kwari overwinter nasara da kuma tashi a cikin amya tare da farkon na farko spring zafi.

Kashe asu

A cikin amya, moths fara ne kawai idan beekeeper bai kula da tsaftacewa da kuma karfafa iyalai. Don haka, ƙa’idodi na asali don yaƙar kwari sune:

• ƙara ƙarfin iyalan kudan zuma;
• m yarda da tsaftacewa;
• ƙin adana firam ɗin tare da busasshiyar ƙasa kai tsaye a cikin rumfunan kudan zuma waɗanda ƙudan zuma ke zaune (wani lokaci ana sanya su a bayan diaphragms, wanda ke jan hankalin asu).

Ya kamata a adana bushewa a wuraren da aka tsara kamar ɗaki. An dakatar da firam ɗin akan dogo ta hanyar da babu wani hulɗar haɗari da juna (asu ya fi son cika daidai wuraren mannewa na saƙar zuma).

Sulfur dioxide fumigation

Yaki asu a cikin apiary ya haɗa da adana sushi a cikin kabad na musamman ko ƙirji tare da fumigation sulfur. Kyauta kyauta, kwalkwali, tantuna kuma sun dace da ajiya.

Cikakken ajiya yana fumigated a cikin adadin 150 g na sulfur a kowace mita cubic. Ana shan sulfur a cikin foda. Bayan an ƙididdige adadinsa, ana sanya abun a cikin tukunyar yumbu tare da garwashin wuta da aka sanya a cikin kasan wurin ajiyar. Ana rufe murfin ko ƙofar don a sami ɗan ƙaramin rami don isar da iskar oxygen kuma don kiyaye fashewar wuta. A ƙarshen konewa, an rufe ma’ajiyar ta hanyar hermetically.

Fumigation ne da za’ayi a cikin matakai uku:

• a karon farko, duk manya da tsutsa suna mutuwa;
• Ana yin refumigation bayan kwanaki 15, lokacin da sabon ƙarni na kwari ya bayyana daga qwai;
• fumigation na uku bayan kwanaki 20 ya kammala aikin kashe asu a cikin shagon.
• Muhimmi: kayan kakin da aka ƙaddara don isarwa don samar da wuraren ba za a iya adana su a cikin jaka ko buhu! Ganga mai yawa ko akwatuna sun dace da ajiya, kuma yakamata a shafa danyen kayan a saman da ƙarfe mai zafi ko kuma tsohon ƙarfe don samar da ɓawon kariya mai ci gaba.

Idan babu akwati mai dacewa don ajiya, zai fi kyau a narke kakin zuma kuma a kai shi zuwa tashar samar da kayayyaki.

Kashe rodent

Don hana rodents shiga cikin apiary, ya kamata a dauki matakai masu zuwa:

1. A tsawon lokaci, cika dukkan ramukan da ke cikin bayan gida tare da ciminti gauraye da gilashin fashe.
2. Shigar da shingen ragar ƙarfe a ƙofofin shiga.
3. Bincika gidajen hunturu a hankali kafin shigar da gidajen kudan zuma a cikinsu. Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da masu sarrafa rodents.
4. Ajiye combs, kayan kakin zuma, da kayayyaki a cikin ɗakunan da beraye da beraye ba su isa ba.

Mahimmanci: yin amfani da guba da sinadarai a kusa da amya da ke zaune na iya haifar da lalacewa maras kyau; ba dade ko ba dade kudan zuma za su mutu.

Don haka, ƙwararrun masu kiwon kudan zuma galibi suna amfani da shahararrun hanyoyin yaƙi da beraye a cikin apiaries:

1. Ana cika katifa masu dumi da matashin kai da busasshen ganyen goro a saka a cikin amya. Bugu da ƙari, gyada ya dace da ajiyar firam: asu ba ya son ƙanshin wannan shuka kuma baya taɓa bushewa.
2. Bushewar bunches na Mint ana sanya su a cikin sasanninta na hive a kasa ko ƙarƙashin murfi.
3. Ana amfani da tushen baƙar fata na magani. ‘Ya’yan itãcen shuka suna rufe da ƙayayuwa masu taurin kai waɗanda rodents ba za su iya kawar da su ba. Suna tunawa da ƙanshin tushen baƙar fata a matakin kwayoyin halitta. Idan kun yada busassun mai tushe da ganyen shuka a cikin amya, berayen ba za su taɓa zama a cikin gidajen kudan zuma ba.
4. Sanya filaye na gilashin 7-8 cm a kan allon isowa da zarar sanyi ya fara. Gilashin ba ya manne da komai. Kudan zuma suna motsawa cikin yardar kaina da fita daga cikin gida, amma beraye ba za su iya tafiya akan gilashi mai tsabta ba.
5. Kuma ba shakka, babu wanda ya soke amfani da tarkon linzamin kwamfuta na yau da kullun. Ana iya sanya su a cikin ajiyar firam da kuma a cikin gidan hunturu, lokaci-lokaci canza koto.

Tarko na gida

Masu sana’a suna gina tarkon linzamin kwamfuta na shiru waɗanda ake ci gaba da sarrafa su da hannayensu. Irin wannan yaki da mice a cikin apiary yana da tasiri kuma baya buƙatar farashi na musamman.

Don yin tarko za ku buƙaci:

• biyu 10 × 220 × 300 mm katako mai katako don kasa da sama;
• biyu 10 × 200 × 300 mm ganuwar gefe;
• na bangon ƙarshe na 10 × 200 × 200 mm.

An hako rami mai zagaye da diamita na 2,5 cm a bangon gaba, ta hanyar da bututu mai tsayi 27-28 cm a ciki. A bangon baya, wanda aka sanya a kan hinges, an yanke taga tare da diamita na 8 cm, lattice tare da raga na karfe. A waje, taga yana rufe da latch.

Soyayyen sunflower tsaba ana zuba a ciki ta cikin gidan. Sai taga a rufe da latch. An haɗa faranti zuwa bango tare da bututu, wani nau’in tafiya. Berayen, suna jin ƙamshin abinci, suna shiga cikin tarkon ta cikin bututu kuma su yi tsalle zuwa ƙasan akwatin. Shiga tarkon dabba yana haifar da babban hari na rokoki; dukkansu sukan shiga cikin akwatin.

Ba shi yiwuwa a fita daga wannan tarkon linzamin kwamfuta na shiru, saboda ramin bututu yana da tsayi sosai a ƙarƙashin rufin akwatin. Ana cire berayen daga cikin akwatin ta bangon baya sanye take da hinges da dabaran juyawa (ƙugiya, latch).

Koto mara guba

Don kashe beraye, zaku iya amfani da ƙwallan burodi tare da siminti da foda gilashi. Don kilogram ɗaya na burodin sabo, ana ɗaukar 200 g na gilashi da busassun ciminti. Ana samar da ƙananan ƙwallo masu nauyin gram 5 zuwa 10, waɗanda berayen ke ci cikin sauƙi kuma su mutu sakamakon toshewar hanji.

Kore tsuntsaye

Kula da tsuntsaye a cikin apiary ana iya yin ta hanyoyi da yawa:

1. Don kora, ana amfani da guntuwar madubi, manne a bangon gaban hitar da ke sama da ƙofar shiga. Chickadee yana ganin tunaninsa, ya tsorata ya tashi.
2. Don amya na katako, shigarwa na katako na katako ko plywood da aka haɗe zuwa ƙofar yana dacewa. Yana da wuya ga tsuntsaye su zauna a kan irin wannan saman, amma a lokaci guda akwai hanyar kyauta don ƙudan zuma.
3. Maimakon farantin skid, ana iya amfani da alfarwa ta ƙarfe. An shigar da wannan kariyar duka a ko’ina cikin hive kuma kai tsaye a kan ƙofar.
4. Ana iya yin yaƙi da Chickadee a cikin apiary ta hanyoyin ɗan adam. Kusa da ma’ana, ana rataye masu ciyar da tsuntsaye, waɗanda suke ci gaba da cika da hatsi, gurasa, porridge, guda na naman alade. Wannan babbar hanya ce don kiyaye kariyar dabi’ar lambun ku daga caterpillars da sauran kwari. Ciyar da nono da wuya ya zo kusa da amya, amma a lokaci guda ba sa shakkar farautar lambun kwari. Gaskiya ne cewa shanunsa suna girma, wanda ke cike da mummunan hari a kan apiary idan an rasa abinci (misali, mai kiwon zuma ya manta ya ba da abincin da safe kuma duk tsuntsaye masu jin yunwa sun tafi gidajen kudan zuma). ).

Bidiyo kan amfani da madubai don tsoratarwa:

Shigar da scarecrow na lantarki ita ce hanya mafi zamani don kare kudan zuma daga kowane nau’in tsuntsaye. Na’urar tana kunna kiran manyan raptors. A wasu lokuta, har ma da rodents, suna tsoratar da sauti masu haɗari, suna barin apiary.

Babu ƙarancin dacewa shine tambayar yadda za a magance mai cin kudan zuma na zinariya. A cikin apiary, sau da yawa yakan bayyana a tsakiyar layi kuma yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa.

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da yaƙi da masu cin kudan zuma a nan: Hanyoyi don tsoratar da masu cin kudan zuma a cikin gidan apiary

Game da hanyoyin sarrafa tururuwa: ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa tururuwa a cikin apiary na gida

Maganin da ya fi dacewa shine a kori ta hanyar kwaikwayon kukan kyanwa. Duk da haka, masu cin kudan zuma ba sa mayar da martani ga irin wannan kariya ta sauti na dogon lokaci; ba tare da gano ainihin barazana ba, tsuntsaye sun fara farauta. Don haka, ana ba da shawarar a kunna masu magana da yawa kuma na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, don kada su zama masu jaraba a cikin mafarauta.

Kamar yadda aikin kiwon zuma ya nuna, yana da matukar wahala a kare ƙudan zuma daga tsuntsaye, wanda wani lokaci yana nuna ƙarfin hali mai ban mamaki kuma a zahiri ba sa amsa da dabarun masu kiwon zuma. A irin waɗannan lokuta, don tabbatar da amincin apiary, kuna buƙatar nuna kayan aiki na gaskiya da juriya.