Kudan zuma na Carpathian sanannen nau’in shuka zuma ne, duka a cikin apiaries na Rasha da na waje. Ana daukar Carpathians a matsayin nau’in duniya. Dangane da taurin hunturu, nau’in ya zarce duk ƙudan zuma da aka shigo da su. A wasu halaye har ma a gaban mutanen gida. An haife shi a cikin tsakiya da arewacin yankunan Turai na Rasha, a yammacin Siberiya.
Asalin nau’in ƙudan zuma na Carpathian
An kafa nau’in Carpathian a cikin yankin Carpathian. A lokacin Transcarpathia wani yanki ne na Czechoslovakia. Kafofin yada labarai na cikin gida sun bayyana kwari shekaru dari da suka wuce a matsayin nau’i mai mahimmanci. An bambanta shuke-shuken zuma ta hanyar hunturu mai kyau, ƙananan ƙofa, saurin ci gaba a farkon kakar, da yawan aiki.
An fara nazarin kifin Carpathian na musamman a cikin shekarun sittin bisa ga Cibiyar Aikin Noma ta Moscow mai suna VIKA Timiryazev. Ba wai kawai an yi nazarin tsire-tsire na zuma ba, har ma sun tsira daga lalacewa. Masu kiwon kudan zuma na kimiyya sun inganta nau’in, sun fito da layukan da suka dace.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin yanayin arewa sun nuna fa’idar fa’idar Carpathians a cikin tarin zuma a cikin al’ummomin Rasha ta Tsakiya da Ostiriya Krajina. A lokacin gwajin, an yi rikodin cin hanci mafi girma na yau da kullun tare da kilogiram 16. Fiye da kyakkyawan sakamakon gwajin ga kudan zuma na Carpathian ya zama tushen don ƙarin nazarin nau’in. An fara bincike kan amfani da kwari a yankuna daban-daban na Tarayyar Soviet. Don kiyaye tsabtar nau’in a cikin Transcarpathia, an halicci ƙaƙƙarfan taro na Carpathians purebred.
Don samar da apiaries na Rasha tare da nau’in nau’in zuma mai ban sha’awa, yawan haifuwa na sarakunan Carpathian ya fara a cikin 70s. An kawo su Uzbekistan.
Bincike kan kasuwancin batch ya ba da sakamako mai yawa. An sake nazarin duk fasahar amfani da samar da wannan tsari a cikin gonakin kudan zuma. Gabatarwa da yawan haifuwa na kudan zuma na Carpathian ya fara.
Taimako
Nauyin ya zama mafi mashahuri. Muhimmancinsa ga kiwon zuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma jamhuriyar Tarayyar ba za a iya la’akari da shi ba. An haɓaka layukan matasan da yawa tare da halaye na musamman. Misali, yana yiwuwa (ta kashi 38 cikin dari) don ƙara yawan amfanin sabbin iyalai. Wani fasali na musamman na mutane shine tsawon proboscis. Ƙaruwar sa ya ba da damar jan clover ya yi pollinate.
Koyaya, kusan dukkanin layin sun ɓace a lokacin perestroika. Daga ƙarshe, an koma aiki. An kafa wuraren kiyayewa da kiwo a Transcarpathia. Yukren ta yankin kudan zuma nurseries aka sadaukar domin inganta purebred apiaries.
Bukatar tsarkakakken Carpathians yana girma, nau’in bai rasa shahararsa ba. Ya zuwa yau, an kafa gonaki da yawa a Ukraine don haifuwar sarauniya da ƙudan zuma a cikin tsari don siyarwa a ƙasashen waje.
Bayyanar kudan zuma na Carpathian.
Carpathian, ingantaccen godiya ga fiye da rabin karni na zaɓi, ya bambanta da sauran a cikin ilimin halitta, tattalin arziki da halaye na waje:
- Jikin kudan zuma mai aiki yayi launin toka. Gaban ciki an lullube shi da ratsin azurfa.
- Tsawon proboscis ya bambanta daga 6,5 zuwa 7 mm. Nauyin kudan zuma na ma’aikaci yau da kullun shine 110 MG.
- Yawan mahaifar da ba ta da haihuwa shine 190 MG.
- “Sarauniya” a lokacin masonry yana samun har zuwa 230.
Iri
Shekaru da dama ana yin aiki don ware, adanawa da inganta nau’in. A wannan lokacin, an zaɓi kusan layuka goma.
Vuchkovsky… Wannan Carpathian ne aka halicce shi a kan sanannen layin Guba. Sa’an nan ya kawo ɗaukaka ga dukan jinsin. Irin ya shahara a kasarmu da kasashen waje. A ƙauyen Vuchkovo, yankin Mizhgirya, akwai ƙudan zuma masu kiwo. Apiaries hudu suna tallafawa iyalai kusan 500.
Kolochakovskiy… An bred nau’in a cikin 90s a cikin yanki guda kamar Vuchkovsky. An kawo ƙudan zuma zuwa ga gandun daji daga apiaries a ƙauyen Kolochava. Carpathians na gida sun bambanta da babban layi. Sun yi fice don halayen irinsu da manyan fikafikan su. An rarraba nau’in nau’in nau’in apiaries a cikin Ukraine a cikin shekarun XNUMX. An bambanta shi da yawan kakin zuma da zuma wanda ba a taba gani ba.
HoverlaLayin yana da sunansa zuwa dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Carpathians, Hoverla. A ƙafafunsa akwai wani apiary, wanda ya zama tushe ga Carpathians na gida. Ayyukan kiyayewa da haɓakawa akan kudan zuma na Carpathian bai tsaya ba. A farkon ƙarni namu, ƙarin sabbin nau’ikan uku sun bayyana.
Rakhovsky… An fara ƙirƙirar nau’in nau’in a cikin apiaries na yankin da sunan iri ɗaya. An sayi kayan kuma aka zaɓi daga apiaries masu zaman kansu. An bambanta layin da aka zaɓa ta hanyar halayyar waje guda ɗaya. Kudan zuma na wannan nau’in azurfa ne maras ban sha’awa.
Synevir… Layin yana da sunansa ga sunan tafkin musamman, wanda ke cikin yankin National National Park. A nan ne aka kwashe iyalan kakanni. An bambanta shi ta hanyar hardiness hunturu mai kyau, ƙananan dabi’un da za a yi amfani da su da kuma yawan yawan aiki ko da a kwatanta da sanannen Vuchkovskaya.
Maikop… Layin ya ɓullo da Rasha shayarwa. Babban bambance-bambance: nauyin Sarauniyar har zuwa 340 MG, proboscis mai girma. Buga koyaushe yana hade da fari.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Kudan zuma na Carpathian iri ne na musamman. Ya ƙunshi inganci fiye da ɗaya masu amfani ga shuka zuma. Babban fa’idodi:
- Kudan zuma na Carpathian: kwari na farko;
- mahaifa yana da kyakkyawar haihuwa;
- swarm yana iya haɓaka iyali da sauri a cikin bazara;
- kyakkyawan aiki akan cin hanci daban-daban;
- sha nectar tare da ƙananan abun ciki na sukari;
- aiki a kowane yanayi;
- suna da ƙananan ƙofa na taro;
- ba m
- resistant zuwa cututtuka da kwari;
- iya aiki a cikin greenhouse da pavilions;
- sauƙin ɗaukar sufuri;
- hunturu a hankali, amma ba cikin yanayi mai nisa ba;
- samfurin kiwon kudan zuma yana da inganci mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan gabatarwa;
- ƙananan matakin nutsewar hunturu.
Rashin hasara na nau’in sun haɗa da kaddarorin masu zuwa na Karpatka:
- tare da raunin cin hanci, suna iya yin sata;
- babu le dé propóleo;
- kula da haifuwa ya zama dole tare da ƙananan cin hanci;
- nuna tashin hankali a yankunan sanyi na tsare;
- rasa ikon yin aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayin zafi, ana buƙatar kariya ta rana;
- m ga kakin zuma asu.
Bambance-bambancen halaye daga sauran jinsi.
Yanayin yanayi na Transcarpathia yana bambanta ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayi ba zato ba tsammani, lokacin sanyi. Godiya ga wannan, a cikin tsarin juyin halitta, tsire-tsire na zuma sun bayyana waɗanda zasu iya rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai wuya. Ciwon mahaifa na Carpathian yana da haihuwa. Yana yin kwai har zuwa 2000 kowace rana.
Iyalai masu tsafta ba sa iya yin tururuwa. Ana iya sarrafa lamarin cikin sauƙi tare da hanyoyin yaƙi. A cikin yankunan kudan zuma, lokacin da ake yin swarming, ana iya samun har zuwa 30 sel sarauniya, tare da sauyi na shiru – har zuwa uku. Tsohon mahaifa yana da sauƙin ɗauka tare da sabon. Suna iya zama tare har zuwa watanni 2, har sai lokacin hunturu.
Gabatarwa wata sifa ce mai kima ta nau’in. Fitowar farko yana ba da damar amfani da wannan nau’in a cikin greenhouses. Sauƙaƙe canzawa zuwa nau’ikan tsire-tsire na zuma daban-daban, har ma waɗanda ke da ƙarancin abun ciki.
Kudan zuma Carpathian hunturu da kyau. Suna da tattalin arziki dangane da cin abinci. An bambanta su da halin zaman lafiya. Kuna iya bincika amya ba tare da kayan kariya ba. Ƙirƙirar fakitin ba ya shafar adadin tarin zuma.
Wani ingantaccen ingancin Carpathians shine ginin saƙar zuma. A cikin bazara, suna farawa tare da tushe na wucin gadi don firam 5-6. A cikin kakar – har zuwa 20. Hatimin tarin zuma ya bushe, a farkon da ƙarshen tarin – gauraye.
Kiwo
Kuna iya hanzarta shirya sabon gidan apiary ko matasa a cikin ɗan lokaci ta amfani da tsarin tsari na kiwon zuma. Yankin kudan zuma na rukunin kudan zuma nan da nan ya haifar da sabon gida kuma yana ba da abinci.
Ana kashe kuɗin siyan fakitin a cikin shekara 1, tunda a farkon tarin zuma, dangi sun shirya kuma suna iya samar da zumar kasuwa. Fakitin kudan zuma na Carpathian wani taro ne da aka riga aka kafa. Don furen bazara, ƙudan zuma suna gudanar da gina gida, su yi girma da kuma shimfiɗa sabo. Iyalan rukunin, godiya ga matasa sarauniyar tayi, kar su yi taruwa. Kula da Carpathians abu ne mai sauƙi. Ana siyan fakiti kawai a cikin bazara.
ƙwararrun masu kiwon zuma sun ba da shawarar cewa matasa masu kiwon zuma su fara da wannan nau’in na musamman. Ƙudan zuma suna da sauƙin kulawa, masu dacewa dangane da yanayin kulawa. Carpathian zuma yana da ƙananan sukari, yana sa shi lafiya da dadi. Tabbatar da farashin kudan zuma da sauri.
