Mafi shahararren kayan lambu a duniya shine dankalin turawa. Mazauna kowace ƙasa na iya ba da shawarar abincin dankalin turawa na ƙasa zuwa kotunan mabukaci. Don haka, manoma ko masu lambun nasu ba su ƙi shuka wannan kayan lambu ba. Daga cikin nau’ikan nau’ikan da yawa, zaku iya zaɓar waɗanda suka dace da mafi girman inganci, balagagge da abubuwan dandano na samfurin. Dankalin Skarb ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman saboda ingantattun sake dubawa daga ƙwararrun masu noman dankalin turawa.
Halayen dankalin Scarb
Halayen shuka
Wannan kayan lambu yana cikin nau’ikan ripening na matsakaici, zaku iya faɗi abubuwa masu ban sha’awa da yawa game da shi, ban da sunan da ke nufin Taska.
- Yana yiwuwa a shuka shi a ko’ina cikin ƙasar sai Siberiya da yankunan arewa.
- A ranar 85, da tubers kai fasaha balaga.
- Yawan amfanin daji yana da yawa.
- Shuka ba shi da da’awar kulawa.
- A tubers suna da kyau adana da kuma transportable.
A cikin tsakiyar yankin ƙasar, Scarb dankali na iya samar da ton 70 na samfurori a kowace hectare, bisa ga duk shawarwarin noma. Dankali zai iya ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin ƙasa mai tarwatse, kuma baya buƙatar shayarwa.
Idan tubers sun lalace a lokacin girbi, ya kamata ku ba su lokaci don yankan su bushe. Irin wannan dankali za a iya adana shi tare da sauran har sai sabon girbi. Siffa ta musamman ta dankali shine ingantaccen ingancin su. A tubers, kusan har zuwa kaka na gaba, ba su rasa su gabatar da kuma riƙe duk da dandano.
Ana iya siyar da waɗannan samfuran a lokacin da wasu nau’ikan sun riga sun yi rauni. Nau’in dankalin turawa na Scarb yana da sauƙin jigilar kaya ta nisa mai nisa. A wannan yanayin, tubers ba su ji rauni ba kuma ba su karbi dents.
Abubuwa masu kyau
Abubuwan amfani sun haɗa da alamomi da yawa, tare da aiki.
- Dankalin Scarb yana da kyau kwarai da gaske.
- Matsakaicin nauyin tubers shine kusan 180 g.
- Samar da kasuwanci har zuwa 95%.
- Dankali ya dace da kowane nau’in dafa abinci.
- Irin nau’in yana da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda ke cutar da amfanin gona na inuwar dare.
Babban abun ciki na sitaci, kusan kashi 17%, yana hana kayan lambu daga narkewa da faɗuwa lokacin dahuwa.
Wannan fasalin yana ba ku damar amfani da dafaffen dankali a matsayin sinadari don salads daban-daban. Idan an dafa shi na dogon lokaci, to, yana yiwuwa a shirya dankalin da aka daskare wanda zai zama lush kuma mai laushi mai laushi.
Tsiren yana da kariya daga cutar kansar dankalin turawa, ganyen mosaic, baƙar fata mai tushe, da bushewar ‘ya’yan itace da bushewa. A wuraren da wannan iri-iri ke tsiro, ba kasafai ake samun nematode na zinariya ba. Amma don cikakken kare dankalin turawa na Skarb, ba a ba da shawarar shuka shi na kimanin shekaru 4 a wuraren da tumatur, barkono, squash da sauran nau’in dankalin turawa suka kasance a baya.
Karancin dankalin turawa
Bala’in duk amfanin gonakin dare shine ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, wanda zai iya lalata shukar wannan dankalin turawa. A lokacin rani na damina, ana samun barazanar lalacewa mai tushe tare da ɓarna mai ƙarewa da kuma baƙar fata idan an gabatar da spores daga wuraren makwabta. Akwai karkatacciyar ganyen ganye da ɓawon itacen.
Wani lokaci tubers yi rashin lafiya tare da zobe rot. Idan aka gano irin wannan lamari a cikin su, to sun zama mara amfani. Irin wannan dankalin kuma bai dace da yaduwa ba.
Wasu matsakaici da kuma marigayi maturing iri za a iya dasa ba tare da kafin germination. Amma nau’in dankalin mu na Scarb dole ne ya tsiro.
Bayanin shuka
Bayan girbi, dole ne a bushe tubers
Dankalin Scarb yana da ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi. Tushen yana da har zuwa 8 a cikin kowane gida na ‘ya’yan itace. Suna da ribbed, marasa iyaka, haske kore, wani lokacin rawaya a launi.
Akwai ganye da yawa akan shukar, amma ƙananan ɓangaren tushe sau da yawa ba komai bane. Tasa mai nau’in dankalin turawa, ba tare da ƙwanƙwasa a gefuna ba. Jijiyoyin suna bayyana rauni, sabili da haka undulation daga cikin ganyayyaki kadan ne. Launin yana cike da kore, tare da wuce gona da iri na takin nitrogen, launin kore mai duhu.
Mai tushe yana ɗaukar inflorescence mai sauƙi a saman, wanda ya ƙunshi furanni 10. Flower na fused corollas, fari kamar dusar ƙanƙara. Stamen suna cike, launin orange. Pestle yana fitowa sama da mazugi na stamens da 0.5 cm. Furen suna pollinated ta halitta.
Bayan pollination, berries an ɗaure wani ɓangare kuma, mafi yawan ɓangaren, crumble. Game da berries kore 12 sun kasance a kan bushes, ana iya yanke su da hannu. Suna ɗaukar tsaba kaɗan. ‘Ya’yan itãcen iri suna da guba. Kasancewa ko rashi na berries baya shafar aikin.
Shuka dankalin Scarb, kuma la’akari da bayanin iri-iri, kuna buƙatar kula da yadda ake girbe shi. Don makonni 2, kafin yin tono tubers, kuna buƙatar yanke da cire babban ɓangaren shafin.
An shirya tubers don bushewa da rarrabawa: don amfani, a cikin kayan dasa da kuma daban, an lalata su ta hanyar digging. Zai fi kyau halakar da tubers marasa lafiya ko dankali tare da cutar da ake zargi.
Bayanin tubers
Suna girma har zuwa tubers 15 akan kowane daji. Girman su ɗaya ne kuma suna auna daga 160 zuwa 250g. Siffar ta kasance mai zagaye. Ƙarshen yana da santsi, ba tare da tsangwama ko tsagewa ba. Launin fata daidai gwargwado ne na zinariya ko cikakken rawaya.
Idanun suna rarraba a ko’ina a kan dukkan farfajiyar tuber. Kyakkyawan fasalin su shine ba sa girma lokacin da aka adana su a cikin ginshiƙai. Amma wannan dukiya na bukatar lambu don zafi da tubers kafin germination.
Abubuwan sukari na dankalin turawa kusan 0.4% ne, wanda ke ba shi dandano mai daɗi. Abubuwan busassun da ke cikin dankali ya fi 20%. Wannan yana ba ku damar dafa soyayyen soya da soya.
Ana shirya ƙasa don dankali
Bayani da halaye na al’ada sun ce ana iya girma wannan iri-iri a kusan kowace ƙasa. Amma a cikin yankunan clayey ridges kafa, wanda ƙara da kyau ruɓaɓɓen mullein. Wannan yana ba ku damar inganta tsarin ƙasa, daga ƙasa mai nauyi zuwa ƙasa maras kyau.
A cikin sauran lambuna a farkon fall, zaku iya dasa gefen gefen kamar mustard da sha’ir. Tare da girma na kimanin 30 cm, sun kasance a cikin ƙasa yayin tono. A maimakon koren takin, sai a hada guga guda 45 na humus a kowane bangare dari, a daidaita shi, sannan a tona shi zurfi.
A cikin bazara, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate da ash itace suna tarwatse. Kuna iya yin shi a saman ƙasa kafin cika ramukan, kuma yana da kyau a kai shi kai tsaye zuwa ramukan dasa. Sa’an nan kuma shuka nan da nan za ta sami abubuwan gina jiki.
Shirye-shiryen iri
A tubers ga dasa dole ne lafiya
Wata daya kafin yanayin dumi, ana fitar da tubers daga cikin cellar. Ana sake duba dankalin da aka shirya a cikin kaka a hankali don bushewa ko rigar ruɓe, scabs, da lalacewar gani. Cikakken lafiyayyen tubers, zai fi dacewa da girman iri ɗaya, an zaɓi don dasa shuki.
Ana dumama su zuwa zafin jiki na kusan 35 ° C a duk rana. Sannan ana jera su a cikin kwalaye kuma a fallasa su ga haske a yanayin zafin daki don tsiro da shimfidar wuri. Da zarar harbe ya kai tsayin 3,5 zuwa 4 cm, ana iya dasa su. Kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don bi da Prestige
Shuka tubers
Lokacin da yanayi ya yi zafi kuma yanayin zafi ya kasance aƙalla 15 ° C kuma ƙasa ta kasance aƙalla 10 ° C, zaku iya ci gaba da saukowa. Idan ya cancanta, suna samar da ridges har zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma suna yin umurni daga arewa zuwa kudu. Irin wannan tsari, duka biyu na furrows da layuka, za su yi aiki don mafi kyawun zafi tsakanin layuka da kuma haskaka bushes. An ba da izinin nisa tsakanin su 60 cm. Ana haƙa rijiyoyin da zurfin kusan 10 cm da nisa daga juna – ba fiye da 25 cm ba.
Ana ƙara takin ma’adinai a cikin rijiyoyin, a kowace teaspoon:
- superphosphate,
- potassium gishiri,
- potassium chloride.
Hakanan zaka iya sanya dan kadan na bawon albasa da toka na itace. A cikin lambuna, a cikin rijiyoyin, kuna buƙatar saka dankali, harbe masu ƙarfi, da hankali, don kada ku karya su, rufe ƙasa.
Noman dankalin turawa
Bayan harbe-harbe na farko, kuma sun tsiro ba daidai ba, bushes sun karya dan kadan, suna kare tsire-tsire daga sanyi na dare. Ƙarin kula da shuka yana zuwa ga abubuwan da suka faru kamar:
- ban ruwa,
- sako da sako-sako,
- taki,
- rigakafin cutar virus da cututtuka,
- fada da kwari.
Shuke-shuken shayarwa suna buƙatar aƙalla sau 3 a duk lokacin girma. Idan lokacin rani yana da ruwa, kawai suna kwance ƙasa kuma suna kawar da ciyawa. Dole ne a cire ciyawa a hankali don guje wa lalata ƙananan tubers waɗanda ke cikin saman saman ƙasa.
Hanyoyi don dasa takin zamani
Ana iya ciyar da dankalin turawa ta hanyar fesa sashin iska na daji da boric acid. Na farko kayan yaji shi ne shigar da kwayoyi a cikin rijiyoyin. Na biyu yana faruwa a lokacin samuwar furen fure, kuma na uku a lokacin ripening na berries daga tsaba.
Ana shafa takin busassun busassun taki tare da humus kai tsaye zuwa wurin ramin sannan a fesa shuke-shuken, da danshi, ruwan zai narke sannan tsire-tsire za su sami cikakkiyar sutura.
Yaki da cututtuka da kwari
Don kada a bi da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, yana da kyau a fara aiwatar da maganin rigakafi na bushes da farko. Daga bayyanar marigayi blight na mai tushe, bushes za su kare 1% mafita na cakuda Bordeaux ko jan karfe sulfate. Ana maganin su ta hanyar feshi. Bayyanar ƙafar baƙar fata zai dakatar da fesa shuka tare da maganin 3% na manganese ko gefen tokarsa.
Ana iya tattara ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado da hannu, kuma bayan bayyanar larvae mai yawa, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu kamar Bitoxibacillin da Fitoverm. Daga cikin magungunan kashe kwari, Aktara, Corado da Confidor sun dace.
Daga wireworm, ana bi da su tare da Provotox, kuma daga bear, Medvetox ko Grizzly. An lalata majiyar tsumman malam buɗe ido da sinadarin Nemabact.
ƙarshe
Dankali Skarb, idan duk fasaha da bukatun kula da aikin gona sun cika, za su iya gode wa lambu tare da manyan tubers masu lafiya. Wannan dankalin turawa wata taska ce ta gaske wacce take da daɗi. Dankalin zinari na fili yana da kyau a saka a ciki don ajiya don ragi. Kyakkyawan kayan lambu masu haske za su jawo hankalin matan gida. Kuma jita-jita na aromatic ba zai bar sha’awar ko da gourmets.
