Even in time immemorial, people decorated living quarters with flowers, especially on holidays, and in Ancient Greece and Rome there were special masters who wove laurel wreaths – a special sign of honor and respect. Roman ambassadors adorned their clothes with vervain twigs, from which they were often called verbena bearers.
Bouquets appeared during the Renaissance. For the first time, such compositions began to be made in France, and the word “bouquet” itself is translated from French as “a beautiful group of flowers gathered together.” Interestingly, at that time, bouquets of fragrant flowers were replacing secular ladies with perfumes. The shape of bouquets and their color solutions have been dictated by fashion for the last three centuries. In the first half of the XNUMXth century, for example, preference was given to round-shaped bouquets. Green fern was widely used in decoration, and the whole composition was inserted into a port-bouquet.
The XNUMXth century made great changes in the art of making bouquets. Now florists are trying to emphasize, first of all, the lightness and airiness of the composition, as well as the natural beauty of the flowers.
Flowers in a vase
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Cutting rules for horticultural crops
Most florists recommend cutting the plants in the morning, as it is during this period that they are freshest. There is a specific cutting phase for each plant. So, carnations, daffodils, lilies, poppies and tulips last much longer if you cut them off with a colored bud. Crops such as gladioli, roses and sweet peas should be used when the first two lower flowers are blooming. When the inflorescences are fully blooming, dahlias, anemones, bells, begonias, magnolias, lupines, asters and levkoi are mainly cut.
If the stem of the plant is soft, then it is better to use a well-sharpened knife for cutting. It is preferable to cut flowers with woody stems with pruning shears, in which case the structure of the stem will not be disturbed.
It is a well-known rule of thumb to have the correct cutoff angle. It must necessarily be sharp, only in this way it is possible to achieve an increase in the area of the suction surface. In the event that the cut is made at a right angle, it is possible that the stem will fall to the bottom of the vase with the entire cut surface, and then the flow of water into it will be blocked.
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How to extend the life of cut plants
It’s no secret that cut plants should be put in water first. When the stem is immersed in water, an air lock appears at the cut site, and in order to ensure the flow ofthe required amount of moisture, you need to update it. In such plants as chrysanthemum, castor oil plant, asparagus, the cut is renewed in hot water, and the duration of the procedure should not exceed 5 minutes, otherwise changes in the structure of the stem tissues can be caused. After that, the plants are immediately placed in cold water.
For crops with a hard stem, such as roses, jasmine, hydrangea and lilacs, a different method of cut renewal is used. To do this, the lower part of the stem is cut into three parts or crushed with a hammer. Then the part split in this way is slightly trimmed and placed in a vase.
In order to bring withered leaves back to life, that is, to restore their turgor, it is necessary to immerse the stems in water for a few minutes, and wrap the flowers with a damp cloth or paper. Then the plants should be placed in a cool room for a couple of hours. Hot water is used to restore the turgor of such cules as bird cherry, jasmine and lilac. The cut stems of these plants are kept in water with a temperature of at least 50 ° C for several minutes. Then they are immediately placed in cold water.
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A solution of boric acid or magnesium sulfate added to the water allows the plants to remain alive longer. To prolong the life of carnations, roses and chrysanthemums, use aspirin at the rate of 3 tablets per 3 liters of water. It is also recommended to store bouquets in a cool room with diffused lighting.
The finished compositions are transported in cardboard boxes, having previously pierced them in several places for ventilation. If there are no boxes on hand, then the flowers can be wrapped in paper.
Materials used:
- Garden plants from A to Z
