Cucumbers shine amfanin gona na kayan lambu wanda ke da matukar wahala a yanayin zafi, ban ruwa, yana da sauƙin kamuwa da cututtukan fungi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, bi da bi, suna rage lokacin girma, suna shafar yawa da ingancin amfanin gona. Maganin rigakafi na cucumbers don cututtuka, ganewar asali da magani na lokaci zai taimaka wajen hana asara.
Dokokin sarrafa cucumbers daga cututtuka
Ya kamata a fara da ma’anar bayyanar cututtuka da suka dace da takamaiman cuta. Sa’an nan kuma zaɓi magani mafi inganci kuma aiwatar da magani. Baya ga abubuwan da ke tattare da guba da masana’antun sinadarai ke samarwa, zuwa babba ko ƙarami, akwai magunguna da yawa na gida don magance cucumbers. Za mu saba da manyan cututtuka na amfanin gona da kuma hanyoyin da za a magance su.
Farin fure
Cutar cututtuka
Cutar ta fi faruwa ne a cikin gajimare mai sanyi, Alamun farko su ne farar tabo akan ganyen, kama da gari. Bayan lokaci, adadin su yana ƙaruwa, suna haɗuwa kuma suna shafar dukan takardar. A ƙarshe, ganyen ya bushe, bulala sun daina girma kuma suna ba da ‘ya’ya.
Powdery mildew yana rinjayar shuke-shuke da ke karɓar nitrogen mai yawa, suna da ƙarancin danshi. Kuna iya hana ci gaban cutar ta hanyar kawar da yanayi masu kyau. Yana taimakawa hana ƙura daga lalacewa ta hanyar jujjuyawar amfanin gona mai kyau, lalata tarkacen shuka.
Rigakafin da magani
Jiyya na Topaz kokwamba sprouts yana da tasiri a farkon mataki na cutar. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan tsarin fungicides don rigakafi a farkon lokacin girma. Yana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:
- tsire-tsire ne da sauri suka sha, don haka babu haɗarin kurkura.
- yana da babban sauri da tsawon lokacin aiki: yana cutar da pathogen na sa’o’i 2-3 kuma yana riƙe da tasirin warkewa 2-2.5 makonni,
- mafi yawan amfanin gonakin lambu sun jure sosai,
- ƙananan amfani rates.
Ana amfani da Topaz don magance wasu cututtuka: ‘ya’yan itace da launin toka mai launin toka, tsatsa, spots purple, da dai sauransu.
Don shirya maganin aiki, abin da ke cikin ampoule (2 ml) an narkar da shi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Nawa don kashewa ya dogara da lokacin ci gaba na shuka da kuma girman lalacewar cutar. Ɗayan ampoule ya isa sarrafa sassa ɗari a matsakaici.
Farin fure
Cutar cututtuka
Game da shan kashi na shuka ta hanyar peronosporosis (ƙarya powdery mildew) yana nuna bayyanar babban adadin launin rawaya mai launin rawaya wanda ke da saman mai. Wani plaque ya yi a bayan plaque. Sai ganyen ya zama rawaya, ya sami tint mai launin ruwan kasa kuma ya bushe. Buds da furanni sun juya baki kuma sun fadi.
Kamar sauran cututtukan fungal, peronosporosis yana iya faruwa bayan ruwan sama. Shayar da gadaje kokwamba tare da ruwan sanyi na iya tsokanar shi. Cutar na iya lalata daji a cikin mako guda. Cutar tana yaduwa da sauri a cikin greenhouse.
Rigakafin da magani
Zafi da seedling trays. Dole ne a cire tsaba kokwamba (zaku iya Epin), ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Idan bai yarda ba:
- kwatsam canje-canje a yanayin zafi
- waterlogging na iska da danshi a cikin ganye.
- shuka thickening
- da ruwa cucumbers tare da ruwan dumi, sa’an nan kuma za a rage hadarin kamuwa da mildew.
fungicides, alal misali, Ridomil, suna da tasiri mai kyau na rigakafi da warkewa. Ana kula da cucumbers da ƙasa tare da maganin sabulu. Don magani, ana maimaita hanya sau da yawa tare da tazara na kwanaki 7. Kafin fesa, ya zama dole don cirewa da ƙona ganyayyaki masu lalacewa, harbe, in ba haka ba za a rage tasirin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa sifili.
Grey rot
Cutar cututtuka
Idan kun bi ka’idodin lalata, za ku iya guje wa
Cutar ta shafi dukkan sassan shuka: tushen, ganye, mai tushe, furanni, ‘ya’yan itatuwa an rufe su da launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka mai launin toka wanda ya ƙunshi spores. Ta hanyar iska ana canja su zuwa bushes makwabta, gadaje. Haɗarin ɓataccen launin toka shine cewa yana yaduwa da sauri tsakanin kayan lambu, berries, shuke-shuken lambu.
Tratamiento
Bugu da ƙari, lura da jujjuya amfanin gona da ƙa’idodi na asali don kula da cucumbers, don kauce wa raunuka tare da launin toka mai launin toka ya kamata a fesa su da fungicides (phytosporin, 1% bayani na ruwa Bordeaux), wani bayani da aka shirya daga gilashin 1 na ash, gilashin 1. na alli, 1 tsp. vitriol da lita 10 na ruwa.
Fusarium
Cutar cututtuka
Cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar fungi da ke shafar dukan shuka. Ganyen sun fara bushewa. Dajin na iya mutuwa idan ba a dauki mataki ba. Haɗarin fusarium shine ba za a iya gano shi nan da nan ba, ana iya kamuwa da iri ko tsiron. Cutar ta bayyana kanta a lokacin flowering da lokacin ‘ya’yan itace. Da zarar sun gano shi, ƙananan lalacewar da zai iya haifarwa.
Yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa daji kokwamba yana da kamuwa da fusarium ta hanyar giciye. Idan ganyen ganye da tasoshin ya shafa, sun zama launin ruwan kasa. Da zaran alamun farko na wilting sun bayyana, ana gudanar da irin wannan ganewar asali. Bayan haka, nan da nan suka fara magani.
Rigakafin da magani
Fara tare da shirya tsaba. Masu lambu suna magana sosai game da Fundazole, Previkura. Kwanaki biyu kafin dasa shuki, ana kula da ƙasa da samfuran halitta. Bayan da ake buƙatar fesa seedlings:
- samfurori masu dacewa Trichodermin, Bactofit, Trichophyt,
- don haɓaka rigakafi, ana kula da tsaba da seedlings tare da Humisol.
- a matakin farko na yin amfani da kwayoyi masu cutar Quadris, Gymnast, Acrobat.
Maganin man shanu tare da ƙari na jan karfe sulfate (a kowace lita 10 na ruwa, lita 4 na whey da teaspoons 1,5 na vitriol) kuma yana taimakawa.
Cucumber kwari da sarrafa su
Sau da yawa dalilin da yasa ganyen kokwamba ke zama rawaya, tabo, da bushewa shine kwari. Mafi sau da yawa, amfanin gona yana shafar aphids, mites, whiteflies. Kwari na iya zama masu ɗaukar cututtuka masu haɗari na amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
Aphids da kaska suna sauka a bayan ganyen. Suna huda ƙwayar shuka kuma suna ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, sakamakon abin da aka kwatanta alamun bayyanar. Girman kwari yana da ƙananan ƙananan: aphids – har zuwa 2 mm, ticks – 0,5 mm. Za a iya gane bayyanar fararen kwari ta wurin duhu a cikin ganyayyaki: suna sakin abubuwa masu sukari waɗanda sooty fungi suka daidaita.
Ana iya hana kwari idan aka lalata ciyawa a cikin lokaci, ƙasa ta gurɓata a cikin bazara, kafin shuka iri ko dasa shuki. Kwari larvae hibernate a cikin tarkace shuka.
Don rigakafi da sarrafa kwari, cucumbers suna buƙatar a bi da su sau da yawa tare da maganin kwari: Fufanon, Intavir (Inta-Vir), Aktara, Bi-58. An tabbatar da cewa kwari na iya zama jaraba ga abu mai aiki, saboda haka yana da kyau a canza shirye-shiryen don maimaita jiyya.
Sauran hanyoyin
Kayan gwari na gida
Maganin gargajiya don sarrafawa ba shi da haɗari ga ɗan adam
Magungunan fungicides da aka samar a masana’antu na iya zama haɗari ga tsirrai, kwari, dabbobi, da mutane. Amfani da magungunan kantin magani, ‘maganin gida’ yana ƙara shahara.
Maganin jama’a
Yadda ake bi da cucumbers daga cututtuka:
- mullein jiko (1 kg da 3 l na ruwa, hutawa kwanaki 3, iri, ƙara wani 3 l na ruwa),
- madara mai tsami (haɗe da ruwa 1: 1),
- soda burodi tare da sabulun wanki (50 g diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi).
Ana yin magani aƙalla sau 2-3 tare da tazara na mako 1.
Furacilin
Masu lambu suna raba gwaninta na rigakafin rigakafi da magani tare da furacilin. Wani magani mara tsada da ake amfani da shi don yin tururuwa, magance raunuka, da kuma taimakawa wajen magance mildew powdery. Don wannan, ana buƙatar a bi da cucumbers tare da maganin da aka shirya daga allunan 10 da lita 2 na ruwan zafi (kwayoyin ba sa narke da kyau a cikin sanyi). Don rigakafin, zaku iya ɗaukar lita 10 na ruwa don irin wannan adadin allunan.
Metronidazole
A cikin yaki da cututtuka daban-daban na kwayan cuta da fungal na cucumbers, fesa tare da metronidazole (analog na Trichopolum) zai taimaka. Ana yin maganin rigakafi tare da shirye-shiryen da aka shirya daga 1 g na Trichopolum (kwayoyin 4) da 10 l na ruwan dumi (wasu lambu suna ƙara kwalban kore). Don magani, maida hankali ne sau uku: 3 g (12 allunan). Karɓa don ruwan ya shiga yankin da abin ya shafa. Magani mai ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma ya dace da ban ruwa na tushen.
Ƙungiyar
Maimakon maganin kwari, yawancin baƙi suna amfani da magungunan gida don maganin kwari. An shirya tincture kamar haka:
- yanke hakora,
- zuba ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 1,
- Ina nace a wuri mai duhu don kwanaki 7-10.
Don fesa cucumbers, ɗauki 50 ml na tincture a cikin guga na ruwa. Don mannewa mafi kyau, ƙara sabulu ko wanka. Yin sarrafa gadaje kokwamba tare da tafarnuwa shima zai taimaka akan cututtukan fungal.
Masana sun ba da shawarar yin feshi da sabulun kwalta, wanda shi kansa yana da kaddarorin masu hana ruwa gudu.
ƙarshe
Daya daga cikin tambayoyin da aka fi sani da lambu shine yadda ake sarrafa cucumbers yadda yakamata idan ganyen ya zama rawaya. Ya kamata ku fara da kafa dalilin – wane cuta ko kwaro ya haifar da alamar. Kawai sai ku yi amfani da matakan da suka dace.
Cibiyar kasuwanci tana ba da magunguna da yawa don maganin cucumbers. Kuna iya zaɓar magungunan fungicides na masana’antu da magungunan kashe kwari ko amfani da madadin hanyoyin. Wajibi ne a kula da lafiyar gadaje kayan lambu tun kafin dasa shuki, da kula da matakan rigakafi.
