Kalmyk irin shanu –

Kayan shanu na Kalmyk yana cikin jerin dabbobin gida, wanda aka sani na dogon lokaci. Ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai samar da nama mai kyau.

 

Kalmyk irin na shanu

Game da irin Kalmyk

Da zarar ƙabilar Kalmykian makiyaya suka haye, nau’in shanu na Kalmyk ya kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayi mara kyau. yanayin rayuwa yayin kitso a duk shekara a wuraren kiwo na halitta. Sabili da haka, shanu da bijimai na Kalmyk sun bambanta da juriya daga wakilan Turai na dabbobi masu rarrafe. Sun girma a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka da tsaunukan tsakiyar Asiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin zaɓin yanayi mai tsauri. An yi girma a Mongoliya da China.

A cikin Rasha, shahararrun nau’in shanun da aka kwatanta ya fara ne kimanin 3 zuwa 3,5 ƙarni da suka wuce. A wannan lokacin, an haife ta a cikin yankunan Siberiya, a cikin yankin Volga da kuma a kan bankunan Don. A yau, irin wannan shanu har zuwa 90% na dabbobinta suna kiyaye su a yankin Rasha a cikin yankunan da ba a so ba da kuma yankunan hamada.

Dabbobin Kalmyk da suka tsira a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Nahiyar sun shimfiɗa kitse mai kauri kafin farkon lokacin sanyi, yana ba su damar jure sanyi. . A lokaci guda, inganci da adadin abinci ba su da tasiri musamman ga samuwar kitse na subcutaneous.

A cikin layin Kalmyk na yau, nau’ikan shiyya 4 daban-daban sun bambanta da nauyin rayuwa: Ƙananan Volga, daga Siberiya, Kazakhstan da Arewacin Caucasus.

Nauyin shanu na Kalmyk yana da yanayin canjin yanayi a ma’aunin nauyi. Ko da tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, dabbobi na iya tara kitsen jiki, wani lokacin suna rasa nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 30-50 a lokacin lokacin hunturu, yayin da suke riƙe da ƙarfi da tsarin tsarin su. Rashin nauyi yana raguwa da sauri ta hanyar kiwo a cikin zafin bazara lokacin da dabbobi suka dawo da asarar da suka ɓace.

Aikin kiwo na cikin gida na zamani yana da nufin haɓaka halayen Kalmyks, gami da haɓaka balaga da wuri, haɓaka nauyi mai rai, da haɓaka yawan yanka, inganta bayanan dabbobi na waje.

Kalmyks bayyanar

A yau, nau’in yana da nasa na waje ga salon rayuwar makiyaya na baya kuma ya kasance a duk shekara a cikin wuraren kiwo tare da canje-canjen yanayin zafi kwatsam.

A cikin nasu hanyar. A cikin bayyanar, nau’in Kalmyk yana da wadata sosai, tare da haɓakar tsoka da ƙwayar tsoka. Tsawon dabbobi a bushewa bai wuce 1.3-1.4 m tare da tsayin daka na jiki wanda ya bambanta daga 1.45 zuwa 1.6 m. Bayan jikin dabbar an inganta shi musamman.

Dabbobin suna da sauƙin ganewa a cikin hoto. Halin nau’in Kalmyk ya hada da bayanin manyan bambance-bambance:

• Jiki mai jituwa tare da wani yanki mai zurfi mai zurfi (0.7 m) da fadi (0.45-0.5 m), gajeriyar wuyansa, nan da nan ya wuce zuwa ga kafada,
• Tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya madaidaiciya,
• occipital crest a kan karamin kai, yana ba da ra’ayi na kasancewar hump,
• folds mai siffar jinjirin kaho na dabba,
• nono da ba a haɓaka ba, halayyar dabbobin nama, amma ba jagorancin madara ba.

Launin shanu da gobies na nau’in Kalmyk galibi ja ne ko ja, an diluted da fararen fata. Kan dabbobi galibi ana lullube shi da fararen alamomi, wani lokacin ana iya ganin tabo akan gangar jikin da gaɓoɓinsu.

A cikin lokacin sanyi, an rufe dabbobin da ulu mai laushi tare da gashin gashi, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin thermoregulation. Godiya ga wannan ulu, shanu na Kalmyk ba sa tsoron sanyi har zuwa 35-40 ° C. Lokacin da lokacin rani ya fara, gashinsu ya zama santsi da haske, yana nuna hasken rana mai shaƙatawa, saboda shanu suna jure wa zafin sha’awa cikin sauƙi, suna tsayawa awanni 24 a rana a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka da a cikin yankunan steppe.

Masu shayarwa sun fara rarrabe nau’ikan shanu guda biyu na nau’in Kalmyk:

• Na farko, precocious, halin saurin girma tare da mafi ƙarancin taro na ƙarshe, kwarangwal ɗinsa ya ɗan yi haske, fata yana da bakin ciki, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙasa da 2-4%.
• Na biyu, marigayi balagagge, wanda ba ya bambanta da ƙarfin ci gaba, amma kuma aikin yana ba da ƙarin nauyin rayuwa.

A lokacin balagaggen jima’i, maruƙa na nau’in Kalmyk suna samun nauyi har zuwa ton 0.9-1.1 a lokacin da suka girma, shanu suna yin nauyi kaɗan, suna kai matsakaicin nauyin 0 t. Ana haihuwar maruƙa masu nauyin kilogiram 5-22 ko fiye.

Halaye masu haɓaka

A zamanin da, ana amfani da wakilan nau’in shanu na Kalmyk a matsayin dabbobi. A yau wa] annan }o}arin da shanun Kalmykia, sun zama tushen samar da nama mai daraja, wanda aka sani da inganci da dandano.

Gobies na nau’in nau’in Kalmyk a cikin nauyin rayuwa sun kai 0.8-0.9 ton, yayin da suke da girma da tsayin daka A cikin watanni shida, suna auna tsakanin 400 zuwa 450 kg bisa yanayin rayuwa mai kyau da abinci mai gina jiki, yawan yanka ya kai. 67%, wanda ya zarce kididdigar wakilai na Shorthorn da Angus shanu.

Calmyk irin shanu suna samun kilogiram 0.8-0.9 na nauyi kowace rana.

Daga gawa na nau’in bijimin Kalmyk, har zuwa 57-58% nama kuma har zuwa 10-11% na kayan kitse ana samun su, wanda aka kafa a cikin yadudduka na marmara.

Kalmyk da ke da alaƙa da nama Nauyin shanu ba ya bambanta a yawan yawan madara. Halinsa a matsayin tushen madara yana da gamsarwa: samar da madara na shekara-shekara har zuwa 1.2-1.5 dubu kg tare da mai abun ciki na 4.5-6%. Bangaren furotin a cikin madara yana cikin kewayon 4.3 zuwa 4.8%.

Kalmykia bijimai suna aiki azaman kayan halitta a samarwa ta hanyar giciye tare da halaye masu inganci.

Amfani da rashin amfanin kiwo

Kiwon dabbobin gida a cikin nau’in shanu na Kalmyk yana da fa’idodi da yawa waɗanda ke sa wannan shanun kyakkyawa don kiwo:

• dabbobi suna da juriya na dabi’a da ‘yancin kai daga yanayin yanayi,
• Shanu da bijimai marasa fa’ida suna samun nauyi a tafiye-tafiyen makiyaya, wanda a lokacin dumi yana rage farashin manoma don kula da su.
• ya dace da ciyayi kiwo, tsarin narkewa yana da sauƙin narkewa yana samar da ɗanyen abinci,
• a cikin hunturu, shanu ba sa rasa alamun kisa koda tare da raguwar ingancin abinci,
• dabbobin Kalmyk matasa suna da ƙimar rayuwa mai kyau,
• kayayyakin nama suna da halaye masu kyau, sabili da haka, madarar da aka samu a cikin adadi kaɗan daga shanun Kalmyk yana da adadi mai kyau na abun ciki,
• shanu sun kasance suna iya haifuwa har zuwa shekaru 15, calving yana halin rashin rikitarwa, an bambanta maruƙan maruƙan da lafiyarsu da iyawa,
• Kalmyks suna halin haifuwa mai girma: kimanin maruƙa 90-95 a kowace matsakaici a kowace 100 na shanu.

Shanu da bijimai masu wuyar Kalmyk ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma kulawa da su yana zuwa don ciyarwa da hutawa na akalla sa’o’i 5-6 a rana. rana don neman isasshen abinci.

Lokacin zabar nau’in shanu na Kalmyk a matsayin shanu, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da cewa shanu na wannan umarnin suna buƙatar manyan wuraren kiwo don tafiya, ajiye su a cikin sararin samaniya ba ya tabbatar da kudaden da aka kashe.

Daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da kiyaye dabbobin Kalmyk, akwai wajibcin samar da dabbobi da ruwa. A cikin yanayin rayuwa na wucin gadi, ana ba da shawarar shan Kalmyks aƙalla sau 4 a rana, yayin da a yanayin zafi mai zafi a lokacin zafi mai zafi, adadin ruwan da ake cinyewa, wanda a matsakaici ya kai buckets 5-6 ga kowane mutum, yana ƙaruwa da 20. -30%.

Daga cikin rashin amfani da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke cikin Kalmyks, masu kiwon shanu sun lura da bayyanar wani yanayi na tashin hankali a cikin karsana bayan haihuwa, saboda haɓakar haɓakar haihuwa. Tinkta saniya ba ya shigar da jariri maraƙi cewa wajibi ne a san da kuma la’akari da sababbin, waɗanda suka kasance Kalmyks a cikin tattalin arziki.