Abincin ɗan adam ya haɗa da babban adadin kayan kiwo: cheeses, kefir, madara mai gasa, kirim mai tsami, da dai sauransu. Dukansu ba za su kasance ba tare da dabba ba, wanda shine tushen madara mai mahimmanci da lafiya: saniya. Lokacin kiwon shanu, lokacin shayarwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, saboda wannan factor yana ƙayyade amfanin dabba a cikin kiwo.
Shekara nawa ne saniya
Don masu fara kiwo, kuna buƙatar sanin tsawon lokacin da saniya ke rayuwa. Sanin wannan bayanin, kowane mutum yana iya ƙididdige yawan amfanin da zai kawo masa da kuma lokacin da ya fi dacewa ya yi shiri don hadayarsa.
Rayuwar shanu da tarihinsu
Saniya dabba ce, da mutum yake kiwonsa tun zamanin da. Masu binciken archaeologists sun yi iƙirarin cewa mafi yawan ragowar sun fi shekaru 40. Gidan dabbar ya faru ne a farkon zamanin Neolithic. Shanun daji na yawon shakatawa da Zebu mutane ne suka yi amfani da su a matsayin aiki a aikin noma. A cikin yankin zamani na Siriya, kakannin saniya na zamani an yi su ne kawai don riba – madara, nama da fatu. Sannu kadan, shaharar noman saniya ta mamaye kasashen Afirka, da Turai. Kuma tuni a cikin karni na II-III AD kakannin farko na dabbobi da ake kira kiwo sun bayyana a yankin Balkan na zamani.
- Zaman gida na ƙarni a ƙarƙashin rinjayar juyin halitta ya yi aikinsa: shanu sun zama wani ɓangare na halittu masu rai don amfanin gida.
- Kamewa ya shafi rayuwar dabbar. Wato kasancewar an yi kiwon shanu ne kai tsaye ya tantance shekarun da saniya ke rayuwa a gida. Idan ana kiwon saniya don nama, tana rayuwa matsakaicin shekaru 8-9. Idan babban makasudin noma shi ne samun naman sa, ana ciyar da shanun a yanka a cikin watanni 24-36.
- Saniya gida dabba ce da ba kasafai take mutuwa ba saboda mutuwarta, amma duk ya dogara ne akan inda buren yake zaune. .
- A wasu ƙasashe waɗanda addininsu ya ɗauki waɗannan dabbobi masu tsarki, suna rayuwa daga shekaru 25 zuwa 30. An dauki Burenka mai suna Berta a matsayin rikodin, ta mutu tana da shekaru 50.
Abin da ke ƙayyade tsawon rayuwar shanu
A Rasha, Ukraine da sauran kasashen Gabashin Turai, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar shanun zuwa shekaru 20-25, kuma bijimai na mutuwa a cikin shekaru 15 a matsakaici. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar Indiya ko Switzerland, shanu suna da tsawon rai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda dalilai da yawa. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar saniya ya dogara da:
- yankin kiwo da yanayin yanayinsa,
- irin na saniya,
- halaye na zuriya,
- kwayoyin halitta.
Yawancin manoma suna da yakinin cewa jikin dabbar zai amfana da ba da madara muddin zai yiwu, idan har an kula da shi sosai, don haka, idan kun yanke shawarar shiga cikin kiwo da gaske, ya zama dole a ba shi kayan aiki. gonakin kansa, ku san halayen ciyarwa da tafiya. Halin mai gida ga shanu ne ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da burenka.
Nauyin kiwo da matsakaicin shekarun su
Kuna iya amsa tambayar tsawon lokacin da saniya ke rayuwa a matsakaici kawai ta hanyar sanin nau’inta da yanayin da ke cikinta. Wadannan abubuwan ne ke jagorantar kowane mai kiwon da ke da shanu a gona. Akwai manyan nau’ikan shanu guda biyu: kiwo da nama. Tsawon rayuwa na kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau’ikan yana da halayen kansa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙimar samfurin ƙarshe na niƙa (madara ko nama), da kuma yanayin mai shayarwa da kansa.
Dabbobin gida da aka ajiye a cikin yanayi mai daɗi na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25. Amma har zuwa wannan zamani, samun saniya bai dace ba. Bukatar sadaukarwa tana da alaƙa da matakan aikinsu:
- 1-1.5 shekaru – balaga. Babu lactation kafin bayarwa na farko.
- Shekaru 2-14 – lactation mai aiki, tare da isar da tsari.
- Shekaru 15 ko fiye – tsufa, cikakken rashin madara.
Dabbobin kiwo da aka ajiye a gida na iya zama da amfani na tsawon lokaci. Nau’in halittu masu rai, da kuma halayen yanayi na yankin, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsawon lokacin da ake samarwa. Idan saniya ta tsara yadda ya kamata, ta sami abinci mai kyau da daidaito kuma ta kula da lafiyarta, lokacin shayarwarta zai kawo riba ga manomi tun kafin ya kai shekara 20.
Kulawa akan manyan gonaki
Shanu, waɗanda aka ajiye a babban gona, suna rayuwa ƙasa da sau 2. Burenki yana rayuwa a matsakaita har zuwa shekaru 10. Ingancin kulawa a waɗannan gonakin ya fi muni. Wannan yana shafar shayarwa. Da zaran saniya tsabar kudi ta nuna rashin aikin yi, sai a aika da ita wurin yanka.
Amma sau da yawa wannan rashin mutuntaka ba ya dogara ga son kansa manomi. A matsakaita, a cikin manyan kamfanoni, sito ya ƙunshi shugabannin har 500. Kulawa mai kyau yana da wahala ga kowa da kowa. Musamman idan babu isassun kwararru.
Duk da haka, ci gaban masana’antar kiwo a kasashen Turai na musamman ya kai ga ci gaba.
Ƙungiyar kula da shanu a Switzerland, Isra’ila da Jamus sun yi daidai da ƙa’idodin Turai. A cikin waɗannan jihohin, al’ada ne don kula da yanayin kowane burenka a hankali da kuma ƙara tsawon lokacin lactation. Don haka, a cikin Isra’ila, manyan kamfanoni suna karɓar kayan kiwo ko da daga shanu, wanda za’a iya kwatanta tsawon rayuwar su da dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin daji. A wasu gonakin da ake ajiye shanu, ana ciyar da su abinci mafi inganci, ana tafiya a kan kiwo, a yi wanka sau 2 a rana tare da tsaftace rumbun. Wasu masu kiwo har sun hada da kidan shanun. Kuma irin wannan hali ga dabbobi ba zai iya shafar tsawon rai ba. Ba don komai ba ne Isra’ila ke da matsayi na gaba a cikin shekaru a cikin shanu.
Me ya sa za mu damu da lafiyar dabbobi?
Yaya tsawon lokacin da saniya za ta yi rayuwa a gida ya dogara da yawan abin da mutum ya samu. Kuma idan akwai dabbobi da yawa, to, riba kuma yana ƙaruwa. Amma ba koyaushe komai ke tafiya daidai ba. Kamar dukkan halittun da ke doron duniyar nan, saniya tana da nata rigakafi daga cututtuka masu yaduwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Dangane da ko manomi ya tallafa masa, dabbar za ta amfane shi, wato idan ɗan maraƙi, maraƙi, ko bijimi ya kamu da wata cuta mai yaɗuwa, to aikinsu ya ragu. Lokacin da aka ajiye adadi mai yawa na shanu, haɗarin duk samar da madara yana ƙaruwa. Kuma nawa lokacin da za a kashe don farfadowar ku zai dogara ne akan lokaci da ingancin maganin. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a kula da lafiyar dabbobi.
Abin da ya kamata kowane manomi ya sani
Duk wani manomin farko da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru waɗanda ba su neman riba mai sauri ta hanyar kuɗi ya kamata su ƙara yawan amfanin gonakin shanu. A gida, wannan ba shi da wahala. Burenki yana rayuwa muddin mutumin da kansa ya yarda da shi. Kuma idan ka ƙirƙira musu yanayin da ya dace, za a yaba da karimci. Kayayyakin kiwo suna da darajar ilimin halitta. Musamman idan irin waɗannan samfuran na gida ne. Burenki yana rayuwa na dogon lokaci, yana ƙarƙashin kulawa mai kyau, alamun su sune:
- sito mai tsabta da dumi tare da zafin jiki a kowane lokaci na shekara,
- daidaita cin abinci tare da yawancin bitamin da ma’adanai,
- matakan kariya.
Yana da mahimmanci musamman don sarrafa ingancin madara. A matsakaici, kowace saniya tana cinye har zuwa kilogiram 10 na abinci kowace rana. Kuma amfanin sa shine tushen dandanon kayan kiwo da yake bayarwa. Ƙarshe ɗaya ce kawai: mafi kyawun ciyarwa, yawancin manomi zai amfana.
ƙarshe
A gida, shanu da bijimai suna rayuwa kaɗan. A matsakaita, yara maza masu shekaru goma sha biyar suna kau da kai saboda raguwar ƙarfin jima’i. A gonakin naman sa, ana yawan yanka bijimai a lokacin da suke shekara biyu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda girman darajar nazarin halittu na maraƙi.
Kowa ya san irin fa’idar da take kawowa. Wannan naman yana da taushi sosai kuma kusan ba shi da ratsi. Naman sa na gida shine samfurin abinci mai mahimmanci. Ana amfani da shi don ciyar da yara ƙanana, da kuma marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar abinci mai kyau.
