Saboda dandanon su, tumatur yana kan gaba a cikin dakunan dafa abinci da yawa. Kafin girma al’ada a gida, kana buƙatar koyon komai game da kula da tumatir tumatir.
Tumatir seedling kula a gida
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Wannan mataki daidai ne don farawa tare da zaɓin iri. Don yin wannan, an jiƙa su na minti 10 a cikin wani bayani na gishiri na 4-5%, sa’an nan kuma sanya su cikin ruwa mai tsabta don ƙarin kumburi. Don samun mafi yawan tsire-tsire, yi amfani da tsaba daga ɓangarorin bara. Zai fi kyau idan sun kasance fiye da shekaru 2-3.
Lokacin ajiya don tsaba tumatir shine a matsakaita shekaru 5-6, mafi girman adadin germination a cikin tsaba na shekara guda na ajiya. Kowace shekara yana iya raguwa. A ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi, ƙwayar tumatir na iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa har tsawon shekaru 8-10, amma adadin germinated tsaba zai yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma a cikin tsire-tsire za a sami tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda kawai suka kafa ganyen cotyledonous.
Umurnin mataki-mataki don jiƙa iri:
- dora tawul mai danshi a plate,
- sai a yada tsaba a rufe a rufe don kada ruwan ya kafe.
- bari tsaba suyi kumbura don 10-20 hours,
- bayan dan lokaci, shuka tsaba.
Wasu lambu suna jiran bayyanar sprouts kuma kawai za ku azhivayut seedlings. Don yin wannan, ƙasa dole ne ko da yaushe zama m.
Maganin iri
Ana lalata tsaba tumatir kafin shuka ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- 1% bayani na potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). Ana sanya tsaba a kan auduga ko rigar gauze, a ajiye su a cikin wani dumi mai dumi na minti 20, sannan a wanke.
- Aloe ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. Wannan hanyar za ta taimaka ba kawai don aiwatarwa ba, amma kuma za ta motsa ci gaban tsaba. Ana ajiye tsaba a cikin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace don 12 hours. Juicing ya kamata a yi daga yanke aloe vera stalks makonni biyu kafin jiƙa.
- Phytosporin. Maganin 1% wanda aka ajiye tsaba na kimanin awa daya.
Idan an adana tsaba na dogon lokaci, ana iya amfani da Epin ko Zircon don haɓaka haɓakarsu.
Shuka iri
Ana iya yin shuka irin tumatir a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin kowane cakuda don noma. Babban bangaren ƙasa don amfanin gona shine ƙasa. Masu lambu suna zaɓar humus da ciyawa daidai gwargwado. Don tsire-tsire suyi girma da kyau, yi amfani da sawdust ko peat. Ta hanyar bin irin waɗannan hanyoyin, yana da sauƙi don samun ingancin tumatir masu kyau da lafiya.
Cakudar kwakwa ta kasance mai kyau a matsayin ƙasa. Yana da tasiri mai amfani akan amfanin gonar tumatir. Tsiran kwakwa da aka tsiro gabaɗaya suna da tsarin tushen ƙarfi. Yana da halin girma da sauri da inganci.
Ana sayar da ƙasar kwakwa (kwakwa) sau da yawa a cikin shagunan lambu a cikin nau’i na briquettes da aka danna. Yana da matukar dacewa don ajiya, tun da irin wannan briquette yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, kuma lokacin da aka nutsar da shi a cikin ruwa yana kumbura kuma yana ƙaruwa da girma sau 7.
Disinfection na ƙasa
Tillage shine babban batu a cikin noman Seedling. Sau da yawa rayuwar shuke-shuke, noman nan gaba, ya dogara da zabar daidaitaccen disinfection. Ba za a yi watsi da matakan tsaro ba: magani zai kawar da nau’o’in fungal iri-iri, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwai, tsutsotsi masu cutarwa, tsutsotsi masu cutarwa, kuma wannan kuma shine kyakkyawan rigakafin tushen wuyansa na seedling.
Hanyoyin disinfecting ƙasa don dasa shuki:
- gasa a cikin tanda,
- tururi,
- gasa a cikin foil aluminum, a cikin baking hannun riga,
- zuba tafasasshen ruwa kadan kadan.
- daskare,
- dumi a cikin microwave,
- jiƙa ƙasa tare da fungicides.
- ƙara phytosporin zuwa ƙasa.
Ana kula da ƙasa a gaba – makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki. Bayan haka an adana shi a cikin jakar da aka rufe don samar da daidaitattun microflora.
Shuka a cikin allunan peat
Peat kwamfutar hannu namo zai taimaka yi ba tare da girbi
Wani lokaci a gida, don shuka iri, yi amfani da shuka peat kwamfutar hannu yana taimakawa mai lambu don tabbatar da noman tumatir da ba a tattara ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don tumatir – Allunan diamita na 33-36mm, waɗanda suka dace daga 2 zuwa 4 tsaba. Lokacin da tushen tsarin shuka ya ƙarfafa, an sanya shi a cikin akwati na rabin lita tare da kwamfutar hannu peat.
Tsarin girma na kwamfutar hannu yana da yawa ga masu lambu. Bambancin kawai shine cewa shuka shuka ba ya buƙatar girbi.
Cuidado
Amsar tambayar yadda za a kula da tumatir tumatir ya ƙunshi la’akari da dama yanayi: isasshen haske, zazzabi, zafi.
Luz
Bayan germination, ana sanya seedling a wuri mai haske. A cikin Fabrairu da Maris, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske – lokacin hasken rana dole ne ya wuce akalla sa’o’i 16 a rana. Ana ba da shawarar cewa a ƙara kwanakin farko na shuka don sa’o’i 20.
Shuka da zafi
Kula da seedling tumatir yana da matukar muhimmanci, don haka kuna buƙatar kula da danshi 90% a gaba. Danshi da ke ƙasa da 80% yana shafar tumatir mara kyau. Bayan ciwon girma, tumatir yana da wuyar farfadowa. Gilashin ko fim ɗin da ake cire tsire-tsire bayan kwanaki 7. Yanayin zafi a cikin dakin ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 70%. Fim ɗin yana riƙe da danshi da kyau, don haka idan kun yi nisa tare da shayarwa, baƙar fata za ta kai hari kan tumatir.
Masu lambu sukan shuka amfanin gona a cikin ƙananan gidaje da ke kan sills taga. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, yana da wuya ga seedlings don ƙirƙirar danshi na al’ada.
Don yin abubuwa su tafi daidai, kuna iya lura da shawarwari masu zuwa:
- kusa da greenhouses, sanya buɗaɗɗen akwati tare da ruwa don ciyar da seedlings tare da ajiyar danshi. ,
- Kafin farkon ganye ya bayyana, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwa tare da mai fesa muhalli.
Tun da ya fi kyau shuka tsaba a cikin Fabrairu a lokacin lokacin zafi, za ku iya yin amfani da wata hanya mai mahimmanci – jira.Batir a ƙarƙashin windowsill shine tawul mai laushi. Rashin danshi zai haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin microclimate don seedlings.
Kada ka ƙyale saman saman ƙasa ya bushe: ya ƙunshi tushen tushen seedlings.
Kuna buƙatar ƙara ruwa zuwa seedlings kusa da tushe, kuma yayin da yake da bakin ciki da rauni, ya fi kyau a yi shi. na sirinji.
Watse
Shayar da tsire-tsire bisa ƙayyadaddun jadawali
Bayan bayyanar farkon ganye 3-4, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na ƙarshe. Sabili da haka, a lokacin dasawa, ƙasa za ta kasance m da sako-sako.
Bayan dasawa, za a shayar da tumatir na tsawon kwanaki 5. Domin ya bunkasa tushen, an tsoma shi a cikin kwantena tare da pallets na watering. Bayan cire tushen tushen daga ainihin, seedlings suna samun danshi, sun fi karfi.
Bayan wasu kwanaki 5, ana sake shayar da ƙasa, saita jadawalin bisa ga abin da ake aiwatar da shayarwar shuka sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 7-10. Idan tagasill, inda karamin greenhouse yake, yana da sanyi, ana ƙara potassium permanganate kowane watering 2 zuwa ruwan da ake amfani da shi don tsiro. Ya kamata a yi shayarwa da safe.
Zafi da hadi
Ana yin takin farko ba kafin bayyanar ganyen farko akan shuka ba. Ana bada shawara don fara hanya kamar makonni biyu bayan nutsewa, duk da haka, wannan ya dogara ne akan adadin manyan riguna na gaba, ingancin cakuda ƙasa mai amfani, yana da sauƙi a lura: rashin nitrogen yana haifar da ganye. juya launin rawaya, cikakken launi na violet na tushe da ƙananan ɓangaren ganye yana nuna rashin phosphorus, chlorosis – daga rashin ƙarfe.
Ciyarwar farko
Don aikace-aikacen farko, ana amfani da takin mai magani na sinadarai ko na halitta (maganin yisti, bawon ayaba, jiko kwai, tsantsa ash) Don haka, kula da ƙwayar tumatir ya fi tasiri.
Ciyarwar ta biyu
ana aiwatar da shi ba a baya fiye da kwanaki 14 bayan takin gashin tsuntsu. Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi gabaɗaya an ƙaddara ta yanayin seedlings. Za a iya ciyar da tsire-tsire tumatir mai ƙarfi tare da takin mai magani. Don abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire, yana da kyau a yi amfani da superphosphates, narkar da su a cikin ruwan zafi a cikin adadin 1 tablespoon. l da 3 l na ruwa.
Tufafi na uku
A abun da ke ciki na wannan miya ya gana da takamaiman bukatun seedlings. Idan tsire-tsire suna da lafiya, yi amfani da bayani mai rauni na takin duniya ko gaba ɗaya ƙin takin.
Karba
Lokacin da seedlings suka kai kwanaki 12-14, ana gudanar da tarin farko. A wannan lokacin ne ganyen farko suka bayyana. Don dasawa, ɗauki kwantena 200 ml cike da ƙasa ɗaya kamar lokacin shuka iri.
Wasu mutane suna ba da shawarar rage tushen ta 1/3, amma wannan hanya tana rage saurin ci gaban shuka har tsawon mako guda.
