An bambanta kiwon kudan zuma na zamani ta hanyar amfani da gidajen kudan zuma na ƙira iri-iri. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa sabon shiga suna tuntuɓe a kan tambayar wanene mafi kyawun hive.
Gogaggen masu kiwon zuma ne kawai waɗanda suka riga sun ƙware dabarun kiwon zuma na yau da kullun kuma suka ƙaddara buƙatun su, iyawa da abubuwan da za su iya yanke shawara a ƙarshe.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Inda za a fara bincikenku
- 2 Tsarin gidan kudan zuma
- 3 Gidajen tsaye
- 4 Gidajen kwance
- 5 Adadin firam da girma
- 6 Maɓalli na zaɓi
- 6.1 Gabaɗaya ƙarshe akan batun
Inda za a fara bincikenku
Tambayar zabar gidan kudan zuma mai dacewa za’a iya kasu kusan kashi biyu:
- menene mafi kyawun hive ga ƙudan zuma;
- wacce hive za a zaba don novice mai kiwon zuma.
Yawancin amsoshin ba su dace ba!
Misali, sananne ne ga masu kiwon kudan zuma cewa sifofi masu yawa suna tabbatar da ci gaban yanayin kudan zuma mazauna. Domin dubban shekaru, waɗannan kwari suna zaune a cikin ramukan bishiyoyi: gidansu yana tsaye.
Sakamakon haka, tare da shigar da ƙarin gine-gine a tsaye, rayuwa a cikin hive yana kusa da na rayuwa a cikin yanayi. Iyalan suna da ƙarfi a nan, da son rai suna shiga cikin girbi na zuma kuma suna kawo ɗimbin nectar.
Amma ga masu kiwon kudan zuma, irin wannan zane yana da mummunan rauni. Idan aka cika da zuma mai sabo, nauyin jikin ya kai kilo 60 ko fiye. Mutum ba zai iya jurewa irin wannan nauyin ba. Dole ne ku nemi taimakon wani ko amfani da lif.
Amma mafari ba koyaushe yana da mutane masu tunani iri ɗaya a cikin iyali ba, kuma ba kowa ba ne ke gudanar da haɗa lif na gida da hannuwansu. Sigar masana’anta tana kashe kuɗi, wanda kuma ƙila ba za a samu ba (musamman idan aikin apiary lamari ne na ƙarshen mako, wato, a zahiri, wani abin sha’awa ne).
Saboda haka, don fara da, yana da daraja yanke shawarar irin amya ga ƙudan zuma su ne. Kuma bayan karanta wannan bayanin, zana ƙarshe.
Tsarin gidan kudan zuma
Tsayar da ƙudan zuma a cikin firam, wanda ya saba da mutumin zamani, hive ya koma 1851.
A wannan shekara, mashahurin mai kiwon kudan zuma Langstroth ya tsara firam ɗin farko da suka dace don rataye a cikin hita. Wannan maganin injiniya ya sa ya yiwu a cire saƙar zuma ba tare da matsaloli ba: an bar karamin sarari na 0,7-0,8 cm tsakanin firam ɗin.
Ka’idodin haɗa gidan kudan zuma bisa ga hanyar Langstroth sune tushen ƙirar kowane hive na zamani. A cikin wannan karnin, wasu masana kimiyya-masu kiwon zuma sun ƙirƙira mai cire zuma (1865), wani tushe na wucin gadi (1857) da kuma hanyar gyarawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha’awa: bisa ga al’adar Rasha, marubucin farkon hive na zane-zane yana dangana ga Pyotr Prokopovich. Wasu mashahuran masu kiwon zuma guda biyu su ma suna fafatawa a gasar. Daga cikinsu akwai Jan Jerjon da August von Berlepsch. Prokopovich ya ba da shawarar wata sabuwar hanya ta gina gidajen kudan zuma a shekara ta 1814. Duk da haka, Langstroth ne ya sami takardar shaidar yin irin wannan ƙirƙira kusan shekaru 40 bayan haka. Tsarinsa ya zama mafi shahara kuma ya yadu a duniya.
Cebro gidan tsaye
Akwai manyan nau’ikan ƙirar kudan zuma iri biyu:
1.A tsaye: wato, tare da tsari na combs na gida da rabin-firam na shagunan zuma (tsari) akan matakan da yawa.
Babban fa’idodin irin wannan abun ciki:
- sauƙin amfani: ƙarancin lokaci da ake kashewa don kula da yankin kudan zuma fiye da amfani da wasu sifofi;
- karin samar da zuma a kasuwa;
- yana da sauƙi don yaki da ɗimbin yawa (ana yin shi yayin da adadin matakan ya karu);
- Hatchling ba a tururi daga cunkoso a lokacin rani.
2.Zane-zane na kwance yana nuna fadada gidajen a kwance. Da kadan kadan ana girka sabbin firam ɗin saƙar zuma a cikin gidan.
Babban fa’idodi:
- sauƙi na dubawa;
- a bayan ɓangaren makafi (diaphragm), za ku iya riƙe cibiya ko ƙananan yanke;
- Tare da tarin zuma mai yawa, ana shigar da shagunan zuma a saman.
Gidajen tsaye
Amya a tsaye (masu shahara, masu tashi, a tsaye) sune:
Multihull – wanda ya ƙunshi 5-6 “beneke” daban-daban ko na gine-gine uku da ɗakunan ajiya guda uku. Akwai firam ɗin saƙar zuma guda 10 a kowane sashe.
Ƙarin bayani game da tsarin multibody:
Multihull amya: sirrin kiwon zuma
Multihull amya: bayyanar, zane
Hulba biyu – suna da matakai biyu ko jiki tare da kari biyu. Akwai ƙira don firam 24 da 12.
Dadan-Blatt amya (wanda aka fi sani da Dadans, kudan zuma na Dadanov) suna kama da ƙirar gidaje masu kofato biyu. Na gargajiya gidan gini ne mai guda 12 tare da firam ɗin tantanin halitta 10 da kuma ƙarin kantin sayar da firam goma sha biyu. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da mai kiwon zuma Charles Dadant haifaffen Faransa ya haɓaka. Hakanan akwai ginin don firam ɗin saƙar zuma guda 2. Maimakon alfarwa, ana iya shigar da cikakken jiki ko 3-XNUMX kari akan su.
Ƙari game da hives na Dadanovsky: Hive Dadanovsky: fasali, abũbuwan amfãni, yi
Kwatanta Dadans: Kudan zuma na Dadan na Frames 10 da 12 – Wanne Yafi Kyau kuma Me yasa
Cebro urticaria, wanda ya ƙunshi gida tare da ƙarin jiki biyu don ƙwayoyin 10 da jiki biyu don ƙwayoyin 5. Gidan yana iya ɗaukar firam 14.
Gidajen kwance
Hanyoyi na kwance ko guda ɗaya (wanda aka fi sani da loungers) iri-iri ne:
Ukrainian – daidaitattun gidaje don masu kiwon kudan zuma na Ukrainian, an amince da su a matakin jihar kuma suna ɗauke da firam 20.
Gidaje don daidaitattun firam 24 – daya daga cikin mafi yawan zane-zane.
Gidaje masu jujjuya firam – wato, a sa zumar ta juya digiri 90 zuwa daidaitaccen matsayi akan falo. Girman irin wannan firam shine 300 da 453 millimeters.
Gidaje don firam 16, wanda ya ƙunshi jiki da ƙaƙƙarfan shago ɗaya ko biyu tare da firam ɗin 16. Sun yi kama da ƙira zuwa lif da aka haɗa daga jikin biyu tare da firam ɗin gida 24 ko 12.
Yadda ake hada ɗakin kwana na kudan zuma da hannuwanku.
Adadin firam da girma
Yawan Frames a cikin hive, kamar yadda ake iya gani daga bayanin da ke sama, kai tsaye ya dogara da girman hive, wato, akan zane da kuma daidaitawa.
A ƙasa akwai girman firam ɗin, rabin firam ɗin da lambar su tare da cikakkun saitin gidaje.
Matsayin Multibody:
- girman waje na kowane akwati: 496mm (tsawon bangon gefe), 445mm (tsawon bangon gaba da baya), 250mm (tsawo);
- girman firam – 435 ta 230;
- adadin saƙar zuma: guda 10, kawai 50-60 Frames (5-6 lokuta).
Hull biyu (mafi yawanci ana samu a cikin firam ɗin saƙar zuma 12):
- ma’auni na waje na kwalaye – 530 mm (tsawon ganuwar gefe, ganuwar gaba da baya), 370 mm (tsawo);
- girman firam – 435 ta 300;
- girma na rabin firam: 435 ta 145;
- adadin saƙar zuma: 12 ko 24 gida, 12 ko 24 rabin firam;
- adadin saƙar zuma tare da kari biyu: 12 ko 24 gida, 24 ko 48 rabin firam.
Dadanovski:
- ma’auni na waje na kwalaye – 530 mm (tsawon gefe, gaba da bangon baya), 370 mm (tsawo);
- girman firam – 435 ta 300;
- girma na rabin firam: 435 ta 145;
- adadin saƙar zuma: 10 ko 12 firam ɗin saƙar zuma na gida, 10-12 ko 20-24, 30-36 rabin firam; ko lokuta biyu don firam ɗin saƙar zuma 20-24.
Kwakwalwa:
- jiki (a tushe) – 640 ta 722 mm;
- girman firam: 435 x 300;
- adadin saƙar zuma: 14 nsted da 30 Frames a kari.
A cikin hoton: 1 toshe, sassa 2 don firam 10, sassan 3 don firam 5.
Ukrainian sunbeds:
- girman jiki: 830 tsawo, 440 fadi, 600 mm tsayi;
- girman ma’auni na ma’auni – 435 ta 300;
- adadin saƙar zuma – 20 guda.
A 24 sotoramki:
- na waje girma na jiki: 870 tsawo, 530 nisa;
- girman firam – 435 ta 300;
- adadin sel 24 ne.
A 16 sotoramok:
- girman ciki na akwatin – 615 x 450 x 330 mm;
- girman firam – 435 ta 300;
- girma na rabin firam: 435 ta 145;
- yawan combs: 16 nsted, 16 ko 32 Semi-squares.
Maɓalli na zaɓi
Ba za a iya amsa tambayar da wane hive za a zaɓa ba. Ya dogara da yawa a nan:
- akan karfin jiki na mai kiwon zuma;
- kasancewar su a cikin apiary (wani yana ziyartar musamman a karshen mako, wasu suna zaune kusa da batu);
- daga sifofin tattara zuma a wani yanki na musamman: tsawonta da karfinta;
- na zaɓaɓɓen tseren ƙudan zuma (alal misali, ƙudan zuma na Caucasian suna haɓaka gida a kwance da gangan).
Gabaɗaya ƙarshe akan batun
Gadaje na katako don firam ɗin saƙar zuma 20 ko 24 sune mafi sauƙin gidaje cikin ƙira. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin apiary, babu buƙatar motsa jiki mai nauyi, yana barin masu kiwon kudan zuma su ceci baya daga wuce gona da iri.
Amma a cikin irin wannan amya, a lokacin cin hanci mai yawa, ana shigar da ƙarin kantin sayar da kaya ko ginin gine-gine (wanda ke damun kulawa sosai!). Tabbas, wannan aikin yana zuwa tare da lokaci. Don masu farawa, don sanin kamun kifi, da farko, kwalkwali ya isa.
Har yanzu game da fa’idodin masu amfani da rana:
- akwai yiwuwar ajiye iyalai biyu a cikin gida ta hanyar rabuwar makaho;
- ko kula da iyali da shimfidawa, tsakiya.
Don kare kanka da adalci, yana da kyau a lura cewa yawancin masu kiwon kudan zuma da suka yi ritaya da yawa suna ba da shawarar kiwon kudan zuma a kwance, waɗanda, saboda dalilai na zahiri, suna da wahalar yin aiki tare da lif.
Lokacin da aka ajiye a cikin loungers don firam ɗin saƙar zuma 16, haɗarin swarms yana ƙaruwa: ƙudan zuma ba su da sha’awar zuwa tsawo, tun kafin wannan dangi ya haɓaka a kwance. Saboda haka, irin wannan hive, tare da duk sauƙin aiki tare da shi, ba za a iya kiran shi mafi kyau ba.
Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin, hive na Dadanov shine mafi sauƙin aiki. Yana da sauƙi ga mafari ya saba da shi saboda kawai za ku iya amfani da tsawo na kantin. Rabin firam ɗin tare da zuma suna da haske. Kuma zai zama sauƙi don jimre wa bincika ƙaramin gida ba tare da taimakon abokin tarayya ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha’awa: samfurin (a tsaye) masu tashi a cikin yanayi ba su da kututturen bishiyoyi – ramukan. Kuma hammocks sun samo asali daga rufin da aka warwatse a ƙasa. Duk da haka, ci gaba ne a tsaye cewa ƙudan zuma (ban da wasu nau’o’in nau’in) sun fi son zama a cikin hammocks.
