Don samun girbi mai yawa, kuna buƙatar sanin halaye na shuka shuka. Tumatir al’ada ce mai jujjuyawa da zafi, don haka sau da yawa kuskuren manoma ya kashe su. Menene daidai zafin dasa tumatir? Za mu bincika dalla-dalla abubuwan da za a iya samun sakamako mai kyau a ƙarƙashinsu.
Tumatir dasa zafin jiki
Mafi kyawun yanayin yanayin polar
Lokacin girma kayan lambu a cikin yanayi na ciki sau da yawa duk daskarewa saukowa fita a farkon sanyi karye. Rashin sanin bukatun al’ada ya zama m. Ko da sanyi-hardy hybrids a farkon matakai ba zai iya jure yanayin zafi kurakurai.
Tumatir na kowane iri suna amsawa da ƙarfi ga manyan alamomin ma’aunin zafi da sanyio. Mahimman ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci sune 5 ° C don duhu da 42 ° C na rana. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yana da wuya a sake farfado da shuka, don haka ƙwararrun manoma sunyi ƙoƙari kada suyi kuskure. Tuni a zazzabi na 16 ° C:
- tushen ci gaban tsarin tushen yana tsayawa,
- yana rage yawan ovaries a kan mai tushe.
- ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki ba su da kyau sosai.
- cututtuka suna kunnawa,
- Rushewar sassan ƙasa yana faruwa.
A cikin zafi na shuke-shuke, foliage da furanni suna zubar da su, wanda kuma yana da mummunar tasiri ga girbi na gaba. Haɓaka al’ada a cikin greenhouse ko mafaka tare da fim mai duhu yana haifar da zafi, wanda kuma yana da haɗari ga tumatir masu tsini. Dumi, iska mai dumi shine kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban cututtuka.
Matakan shuka
Don shuka shuka mai lafiya a cikin yanayin gida, kuna buƙatar sanin halayen zafin jiki don kowane lokacin haɓakawa. Rashin bin tsarin mulki zai shafi yanayin al’ada nan take. Masu samar da iri sukan nuna buƙatu akan marufi.
Tsaba
Don samun ci gaban lafiya na matashin tumatir, kuna buƙatar shuka kayan shuka da kyau. Kafin shuka, ana fara mai da tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi: minti 5-10 a zazzabi na 50 ° C zuwa 60 ° C. Bayan hanya, yada a kan adiko na goge baki don sha danshi, sa’an nan kuma saka a cikin firiji na tsawon kwanaki biyu. . Irin wannan magudi yana kunna kaddarorin kariya na al’ada, suna shirya don canjin yanayi.
Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe kwantena da gilashi ko polyethylene, ƙirƙirar ƙaramin greenhouse a ciki. Yawan zafin jiki da aka ba da shawarar don germination shine 24 ° C zuwa 27 ° C, ba tare da haɓaka kwatsam ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, ba za a iya adana seedlings na dogon lokaci ba, in ba haka ba kayan iri zai mutu. Tare da zuwan harbe na farko, an cire tsari kuma an tura kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske, bayan haka suna kiyaye zafi a 20 ° C a rana kuma daga 16 ° C zuwa 18 ° C da dare.
Yanayin zafi yana raguwa
suna da illa ga tsire-tsire, don haka tsire-tsire ba su shimfiɗa ba, ana bada shawara don rage yawan zafin jiki a maraice zuwa 15 ° C, kuma a cikin duhu – har zuwa 10 ° C. Ruwan sanyi zai dakatar da ci gaban mai tushe, musamman ma a cikin duhu. ƙananan yanayin haske.
Wuya
Kafin dasa tumatir a cikin bude ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse, kuna buƙatar sannu a hankali ku saba da tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin muhalli. Tsire-tsire masu taurare da sauri sun dace da sabon wurin girma, don kada su cutar da su. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan buƙatun, tumatir suna jinkirin haɓakawa kuma suna mutuwa daga canjin yanayi na farko.
Bayan tsoma, amfanin gona zai iya fara taurare. Don yin wannan, ɗauki kwantena a kan baranda ko a kan titi, barin ci gaban matasa a zazzabi na akalla 15 ° C. A hankali ƙara lokacin da aka kashe a waje kuma rage darajar. A cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar barin tsire-tsire na dare a 10 ° C.
Idan ya fara taurare a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, za a dasa tsire-tsire. Alama mai kyau ita ce bayyanar launin ruwan hoda a cikin ganyayyaki.
Tumatir bai kamata ya tsaya a kan yanayin sanyi ba: tushen yana amsa da karfi ga kowane canji. Ana bada shawara don kiyaye seedlings a kan windowsill ko a kan tebur. Don kwantar da ɗakin, buɗe taga ko firam ɗin baranda.
Dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa
Bayan da seedlings sun wuce hardening, ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba. A wane zafin jiki za a iya dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa? Ruwan sanyi na dare zai rage duk ƙoƙarin zuwa sifili, don haka ya zama dole don aiwatar da ma’aunin sarrafa ƙasa a cikin kwanaki da yawa.
Ana ba da shawarar ci gaba da dasa shuki bayan bude ƙasa ta dumi har zuwa 12 ° C. Manoman da suka ƙware suna sanya ma’aunin zafi da sanyio a sassa daban-daban na lambun. Kuna iya fara aiki da zaran na’urar ta nuna mahimman bayanai. Don tsire-tsire masu tushe, yana da kyau a dasa shi da dare ko a cikin yanayin girgije. Rana ba za ta ƙone foliage ba, don haka hanya ba za ta kasance da damuwa ba.
Menene ya kamata in yi idan na buƙatar gaggawa don fara dasa shuki, amma ƙasa ba ta dumi ba? Sa’a daya kafin taron, an zuba lita 1 na ruwan zafi a kowace rijiya, bayan haka an ɓoye saman a ƙarƙashin fim. Rufe kayan toshe seedling har sai an tabbatar da ingantaccen zafi don hana sanyi.
Shuka a cikin wani greenhouse
A wane zafin jiki ya kamata a dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa mai karewa?Tsarin polycarbonate, polyethylene ko gilashin yana wucewa daidai hasken rana, yana kiyaye zafi. An ƙirƙiri microclimate tare da zafi akai-akai a cikin greenhouse, wanda ke motsa tsiron don haɓaka aiki.
Layer na takin zai riƙe zafi
Suna fara dasa tumatir ne kawai lokacin da ƙasa a cikin greenhouse ta yi zafi har zuwa 14 ° C sama da sifili. Don ma’auni tare da ma’aunin zafi da sanyio na titi. Ana sanya na’urar a cikin rijiya zuwa zurfin akalla 12 cm. Ana cire ƙananan foliage daga seedlings kwana ɗaya kafin aiki.
Ana ba da shawarar gadaje masu tsayi don sarrafawa ko dumama na halitta tare da takin da humus. Lokacin girma iri-iri na farko, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa alamun da ke cikin zane ba su faɗi ƙasa da 13 ° C. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, pollen ba ya girma, wanda ke cutar da amfanin gona mara kyau.
Kwanakin shuka
Babu takamaiman kwanakin aikin gona. Kowane manomi yana ƙayyade jadawalinsa daidai da yanayin yanayi. Don kare tsire-tsire a cikin tsakiyar layin, ana aiwatar da matakai 3 na shuka a cikin buɗe ƙasa:
- a karshen watan Afrilu,
- daga 3 zuwa 10 ga Mayu,
- a karshen watan Mayu.
A cikin yankunan da ke da yanayin sanyi, tumatir yawanci ana girma a cikin greenhouse, don haka ana yin aikin a cikin bukukuwan Mayu. Lokacin da aka girma da farko hybrids, sun fara dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa maras kariya a cikin lokacin daga 6 zuwa 10 na Yuni. Ɗaukar kimanin kwanakin, ya zama dole don auna zafin jiki a hankali a sassa daban-daban na gado.
Yadda zaka kare kanka daga sanyi
Ko da mafi hadaddun lissafin ba zai iya yin hasashen ɓarnar yanayi ba. Idan hasashen ya yi alkawarin sanyin dare, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake kare tsirrai.
- Abubuwan rufewa na musamman. Polyethylene da agrofiber na iya kare seedlings daga sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Kwantena filastik. Don ƙananan wurare, ya isa kawai don rufe seedlings tare da buckets.
- Wuta. Don kare tumatir daga sanyi na dare a cikin babban shuka, kuna buƙatar dumama tsire-tsire tare da hayaki. A kusa da gadaje daga gefen iska, ana kunna fitilu tare da kayan aiki (tsohuwar foliage, rassan, takarda).
- Saduwa. Saboda zafi a cikin greenhouse, tsiron ya mutu lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa -1 ° C, don haka yana da kyau a cika bushes tare da guntun sassaƙa.
Shawara
Idan akwai mummunan haske da ƙananan yanayin zafi, shuka yana daina haɓakawa. Tushen yana daina shan ruwa da takin zamani, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kunna cututtuka. A cikin yanayin girgije, yana da kyau kada a shayar da tumatir har sai ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya ragu sosai, tsire-tsire da ba a kula da su ba sun mutu. Idan hasashen ya yi alkawarin daskarewa a cikin mako mai zuwa, zai fi kyau kada ku yi haɗari da shi kuma ku jinkirta aikin noma don wani lokaci mai kyau.
Tumatir shine noman kayan lambu da aka fi so da manoman ƙasa. Sanin yawan zafin jiki don shuka tumatir, zaka iya kauce wa matsalolin da yawa na kowa.
