Al’amarin alade da ka’idojin halayensu. –

Al’amarin aladu shine tsari mai alhakin. Kafin ka fara kiwo wannan nau’in nau’in dabbobi, kana buƙatar ƙarin koyo game da ilimin halittar jiki, alamun farauta, dokokin jima’i. Idan ya yi nasara, shuka zai iya ɗaukar 15-20 piglets. Irin wannan haifuwa yana sa tsarin kiwon aladu da kiwon aladu musamman riba.

Alade da wasan wasa

Zaɓin dabbobin kiwo

Har zuwa watanni 4 na alade na jinsi daban-daban da ke dauke da t tare, sannan a bincika su a hankali kuma a jera su. Don ƙarin haifuwa, mutanen da ke da kiba mai kyau suna da girma, lafiya, da kwanciyar hankali. Boar daji mai yawan aiki ba ta rufe aladu da kyau. Mace marar natsuwa bata damu da zuri’arta ba.

Lokacin zabar, ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga yanayin al’aurar boar daji. Suna kuma tabbatar da lahani a cikin kundin tsarin aladu na jinsin biyu. Maza alade da ba a zaɓa ba ana jefar da su.Mace sun bambanta da maza kuma suna ciyarwa sosai. A nan gaba, ana yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, dangane da yawa da ingancin zuriya. Ana la’akari da waɗannan alamun alade yayin zabar iyayensu:

• shekarun da piglets kai nauyin kilogiram 95,
• nauyin nauyi a kowace rana a matsakaici don duk lokacin ciyarwa ya kamata ya zama kilogiram 25-95,
• adadin abincin da zai sami 1 kg,
• nauyin alade a lokacin yanka.
• tsawon tashar shimfidawa bayan kammala sanyaya,
• kauri da daidaituwar kitsen naman alade akan tudu,
• adadin nama a cikin gawa,
• matsakaicin kauri na bangon ciki,
• kauri na naman alade a tarnaƙi.

Zaɓuɓɓukan kimantawa na iya canza cin abinci, ya danganta da irin. Misali, ga aladu farar fata ana ba da izinin kitse mai yawa a cikin gawa. Alade na Vietnam dole ne su sami nau’in nama a cikin mai (nau’in naman alade). Matsakaicin nauyin yanka na dabbobi kuma na iya bambanta. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a ƙayyade adadin nono a cikin shuka. Akwai 10-16 daga cikinsu, mata masu akalla 12 nonuwa ana zabar kabilar.

Zaɓin nau’i na aladu

Ana zabar aladu biyu da boren daji, dangane da manufar. Ana rarrabe nau’ikan giciye masu zuwa:

• Purebred Ana gudanar da shari’ar aladu sosai a cikin irin wannan nau’in.
• Mai alaƙa: Ana amfani da shi a cikin lokuta inda ya zama dole don gyara ɗaya ko wani inganci a cikin nau’in. Ana haye shuka ko ciyawar daji da ‘ya’yanta.
• Akwatin aladu tare da layi. Ana yin shi a gonaki na musamman, ana haye dabbobin layi ɗaya, gami da dangi.
• Ketare. Ana aiwatar da shi don haifar da sabon jini, inganta nau’in, haɓaka yawan aiki.
• Absorption crossover. Ana gudanar da shari’a tsakanin nau’ikan nau’ikan da ba su da amfani kuma masu yawan gaske don inganta ingancin dabbobi. Ana samun sakamako bayan maimaita mating tsakanin tsararraki daban-daban.
• Haihuwar mating. Ana amfani dashi a cikin kiwo na sababbin nau’in. Alal misali, aladu na Vietnamese suna ketare tare da fararen fata ko baki.
• Giciyen gabatarwa. Ana amfani da shi don shuka nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i na musamman. An haɗa mahaifar nau’in nau’in da za a inganta tare da haɓakar boar.
• Mating na masana’antu. Akwai giciye na jinsuna biyu, masu canzawa da kuma nau’ikan nau’ikan guda uku. A cikin akwati na farko, ana yin mating tsakanin namiji da mace na nau’o’in nau’i daban-daban, a cikin na biyu, mace ta haye tare da ƙwararrun daji da yawa, a cikin na uku – shuka, wanda aka samu a sakamakon hayewa. na kabila biyu, an gauraye su da mazan na uku.

Yawancin nau’ikan giciye za a iya yin su ne kawai a gonaki na musamman. Ya kamata a yi amfani da nau’in alade mai tsabta ko ƙetare a gida.Ba kyawawa don haye dangi, tun da ‘ya’yansu suna da rauni. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki boren daji daga wata gona ko yanki mai nisa.

Lokacin kiwon aladu

Babban yanayin don cin nasara mating shine kasancewar farauta ta jima’i a cikin shuka. A wannan lokacin, ƙwai suna girma, wanda za’a iya haɗe shi ta hanyar sperm na boar daji. Farauta ta farko a cikin shuka yana faruwa a cikin watanni 5-6. A lokaci guda kuma, ana lura da balaga a cikin ƙananan boar daji. Amma a irin wannan matashi, dabbobi ba za su iya yin aure ba: har yanzu suna ci gaba da bunkasa gabobin al’aura. Ciki a cikin mace bazai iya faruwa ba ko kuma za’a haifi ‘ya’yan kadan kuma suna da rauni sosai.

Yaushe yafi faruwa da alade? Mafi kyawun shekarun shine watanni 10 zuwa 12. Wasu lokuta ana barin mata su haihu a watanni 9, maza – ba a farkon shekara ba. Nauyin mace ya kamata ya zama 110-160 kg, maza – 120-170 kg. Mutane da yawa masu kiba suna yin aure mara kyau, yawan hadinsu ya ragu, kuma alade sukan mutu.

Ma’anar farauta

Don yin nasarar cin nasara, dole ne ku gano daidai alamun farauta a cikin aladu. Ga yadda za ku iya gano cewa lokaci ya yi da za a shirya ‘bikin aure’ na aladu:

• Mace ta fara cin abinci mara kyau, ta hanyar abinci.
• Alade ba ya hutawa, yana shafa shinge a kowane lokaci, yana ƙoƙari ya lalata shi.
• Alade yakan yi ihu yana ta kururuwa.
• Alade ya kara yawan fitsari (kowane minti 30-40).
• A wasu lokuta, ya daskare a wurin, ya fara lanƙwasa bayansa.
• Idan ka danna alade akan gindin, baya motsawa, ya fara jujjuya bayanka kadan.
• Mata sukan yi tsalle kan sauran aladu yayin farauta, ba tare da la’akari da jinsi ba.
• Idan kun kori boren daji, aladu suna jin daɗi.
• Lokacin da aka fitar da mace daga cikin bargo, za ta yi bincike sosai don neman alkalami tare da boren daji. , matsawa gareshi.
• Al’aurar waje ta zama ja, kumbura, an saki ruwa mai haske daga gare su.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa takamaiman canje-canje a cikin gilts na al’aurar waje ba a iya gani: kumburi da jajayen guntun al’aura kusan ba a iya gani, tunda yakamata ku mai da hankali kawai akan halayensu. Sharuɗɗan farauta a cikin alade bayan yaye alade na iya taimakawa:

• Lokacin da piglets ba su nan a cikin kwanaki 10, farauta na farko yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 5-30 (matsakaicin kwanaki 10).
• Lokacin a cikin makonni 2, lokacin rutting yana zuwa bayan kwanaki 4-20.
• Lokacin da ya ɓace a makonni 7 – bayan kwanaki 2-10.

Yawan farauta na aladu shine kwanaki 21-28, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin ba, estrus yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1-2. Ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 110-140 (matsakaicin kwanaki 114), saboda haka ana ba da shawarar yin aure a ƙarshen hunturu don an haifi alade a cikin bazara kuma sun fi ƙarfi. Mating na biyu yana faruwa a ƙarshen lokacin rani, don haka ‘ya’yan suna da lokaci don ƙarfafa kansu a cikin sanyi na hunturu.

Dabarar mating

Domin mating na alade ya yi nasara, kuna buƙatar shirya yadda ya dace da boar daji da mahaifa. Ba shi yiwuwa a overfeed kiwo dabbobi. Abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi abinci mai mahimmanci tare da babban abun ciki na bitamin, ma’adanai da fiber. Idan ka ba wa namiji abinci mai ruwa da yawa, ingancin maniyyinsa yana raguwa. Masu kiba kuma sun zama matalauta masu sana’a.

Nasarar kiwo na boars daji da aladun kiwo zai faru idan kun bi dokoki da yawa:

• Ana aiwatar da shari’ar ɗaya nan da nan bayan an gano farautar aladu.
• Zai fi kyau idan tsarin yana faruwa a cikin yankin daji na daji. Namiji zai ji daɗi sosai, ba zai shagala da nazarin sabon wuri ba.
• Kada ku dame dabbobin, ku tura su zuwa juna, yana da kyau a bar aladun kawai, in ba haka ba za ku iya hana su daga jima’i.
• Jima’i na al’ada yana ɗaukar minti 15-20, a wannan lokacin babu abin da ya kamata ya dame dabbobi.
• Bayan rufewa na farko, ana gudanar da bincike bayan sa’o’i 12-20.
• Kuna iya barin aladu a cikin alkalami ɗaya kowace rana.
• Don haɓaka yiwuwar daukar ciki, ana haye shuka tare da ciyayi 2-3 daban-daban.

a cikin gonakin masana’anta b lshih sun wuce nazarin maniyyi na daji. A gida, wannan ba zai yiwu ba, amma kuna buƙatar sanin sigogi na asali. Maniyyi namiji ya kamata ya zama launin rawaya mai haske, na matsakaicin matsakaici kuma tare da ƙayyadadden wari, don mafi kyawun tunanin tsari, za ku iya ganin yadda mating ke faruwa a cikin aladu a cikin bidiyon.

Evaluation na mating nasara da sauran nuances na insemination

Kuna iya kimanta yadda aladu suka yi nasara bayan kwanaki 18-24. Idan ba a fara farauta ba a wannan lokacin, mace tana da ciki. Za a haifi alade a cikin kimanin watanni 3.5-4. Daga wata na biyu, alamun bayyanar ciki suna bayyana: mahaifa ya zama slimy, yana motsawa ƙasa, ci yana ƙaruwa. Ciki da karya yana faruwa. Sannan sabon estrus baya faruwa, ciki yana ƙaruwa, amma bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan ya sake raguwa. Farauta a cikin aladu na iya faruwa 2-3 watanni bayan gazawar ma’aurata.

Lokacin da alamun sabon farauta suka bayyana a cikin alade, ana yin ma’amala mai sarrafawa, zai fi dacewa tare da wani boar daji. Idan hadi bai faru a karo na biyu ba, an watsar da alade kuma ana duba halayen haifuwa na boar daji (nasara tare da sauran mata). Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin haihuwa a cikin alade, an bambanta wadannan:

• shuka da namun daji kiba,
• cututtuka na yankin al’aura,
• rashin cin abinci mara kyau, iyakacin tafiya,
• mummunan sperm a kan boar,
• tsallaka dangantaka ta kusa,
• jima’i na mace mai yawan mazaje,
• ba daidai ba jima’i farauta aladu.

Gonakin masana’antu ba su daɗe suna yin jima’i na dabi’a, a maimakon haka suna amfani da ƙwayar cuta ta wucin gadi, don haifar da daidaita lokacin zafi a yawancin shuka, ana ba su kwayoyi ko alluran hormonal. Ana kuma amfani da allunan don rage farautar aladu marasa kiwo, don kwantar da hankalin mata masu fushi. Ana iya yin wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar likitan dabbobi: zai yanke shawara nawa, wane irin magani kuma a cikin wane nau’i zai yiwu a ba da aladu. Ana buƙatar daidaita allurai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.