Zazzabin alade na gargajiya cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce ke faruwa akai-akai a lokuta masu tsanani, ƙasa da ƙasa akai-akai a cikin nau’i na subacute da na yau da kullun. Tare da wannan ilimin cututtuka, ƙwayoyin lymph, marrow na kashi, gabobin da ke haifar da jini, da hanji suna shafar. Cutar ta bayyana a matsayin tashin zafin jiki, kumburin fata na jini, gudawa, da maƙarƙashiya. Yawan mace-macen shanu ya kai 80-100%, ba a riga an samar da magani ba, ana daukar matakan tsabtace gaggawa a cikin mayar da hankali ga rauni. Don hana cututtuka, duk aladu ana yi wa alurar riga kafi. Kwarin ba a yaɗa shi ga mutane kuma ba shi da haɗari ga sauran dabbobi.
Annobar gargajiya ta Saint Frost
Etiology
Dalilin zazzabin aladu na gargajiya shine Pestvirus na dangin Flaviviride. Kayan halittarsa yana kunshe a cikin RNA. An rufe virion da membrane na sunadaran da lipids. Girman barbashi: 40-60 nm. Kwayar cutar tana da kwanciyar hankali sosai a cikin muhalli, tana jurewa bushewa, ƙarancin zafi da daskarewa. Mafi kyawun pH don wannan shine raka’a 5-10. A lokacin pasteurization, ya mutu ba a baya fiye da sa’a daya ba. Waɗannan su ne wasu alamomin natsuwar sa:
- a adana a cikin nama mai sanyi da gawawwakin na tsawon watanni 2-4.
- a cikin daskararren nama na shekaru da yawa.
- pickled – kimanin shekara guda,
- a cikin kyafaffen nama – watanni 1-1.5,
- a zazzabi na 2-4 ° C yana ɗaukar watanni 4-6,
- a zazzabi na 37 ° C yana aiki har zuwa kwanaki 18-20,
- a zazzabi na 70-80 ° C disinfection yana faruwa ne kawai bayan sa’a daya.
- ya mutu nan take idan aka tafasa.
Kwayar cutar zazzabin alade ta gargajiya tana kula da ethers, chloroform, da trypsin. Mafi kyawun maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don neutralization sune 2% sodium hydroxide, 20% Bleach, 3-6% maganin man crsol.
Akwai 3 pathogenic serotypes: A, B da C. Serotype A yana haifar da wani classic image na m annoba a cikin aladu, kazalika da fulminant siffofin. Serotype B na annoba pathogen yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin piglets, bambance-bambancen yanayi da na yau da kullun na hanya a cikin dabbobi masu girma. Ba a lura da yaduwar epizootic akai-akai, kamar a cikin serotype A. Ana amfani da kwayar cutar serotype C a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje don samun kayan rigakafi.
Epidemiology da pathogenesis
An fara bayanin zazzabin alade na gargajiya na farko a cikin 1810 a Tennessee. Bayan shekaru 20, an yi rikodin barkewar cutar a Ohio. Saboda haka, an fara kiran cutar da zazzabin alade na Amurka. A tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, cutar ta fara yaduwa a Turai, kuma a karshen karnin ta isa Afirka ta Kudu da kudancin nahiyar Amurka.
Tushen zazzabin aladu na gargajiya shine aladu marasa lafiya da masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa lafiya. Ana kiyaye kwayar cutar a cikin yanayin yanayi, a cikin yawan boar daji. Ba mutane ko wasu dabbobi ba su ji tsoron cutar, suna iya zama masu ɗaukar inji kawai.
Ana fitar da kwayar cutar tare da fitsari, najasa, fitar hanci, miyagu, amai da kayan zubar da ciki a cikin shuka. Da zarar a cikin mahalli, ƙwayoyin cuta suna dawwama na dogon lokaci kuma ana iya jigilar su zuwa nesa.
Babban abubuwan da ake yadawa sune gurbataccen abinci, musamman kayan dabbobi kamar nama da abincin kashi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya kamuwa da cutar tare da kwanciya, kayan aiki, da cututtuka sau da yawa suna faruwa lokacin da ake jigilar dabbobi a cikin motocin da aladu marasa lafiya ko masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta suka kasance. Masu ɗaukar kaya na iya zama beraye, sauran rodents, baƙi a gonar alade.
Ciwon yana faruwa ne ta hanyar abinci ko digon iska. Bayan shiga cikin jini ta jikin mucous membranes, kwayar cutar zazzabin alade na gargajiya ta yadu a cikin jiki, yana da zafi a kusan dukkanin gabobin jiki, sel da kyallen takarda, amma mafi yawan adadinsa ana gano shi a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, bangon tasoshin jini da hanji. a cikin kasusuwa.
A cikin jini, ana gano pathogen 6-7 hours bayan kamuwa da cuta. Yana farawa da yawa sosai a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, sa’an nan kuma ya shiga cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, inda za’a iya gano shi sa’o’i 16 bayan haɗuwa ta farko. A cikin kwanaki 3 na farko, ƙwayar cuta ta shiga cikin huhu da hanji, a kusa da rana ta huɗu, a cikin zuciya, mahaifa da sauran gabobin. Active kadaici na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri barbashi fara kwanaki 6 bayan kamuwa da cuta. Sau da yawa wannan yana faruwa tun kafin bayyanar alamun asibiti.
Hoton asibiti na cutar
Lokacin shiryawa ga zazzabin alade yana daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 9. A lokuta masu wuya, ana iya jinkirta shi na kwanaki 12-20. A Pathology tasowa a cikin sauri, m, subacute da na kullum bambance-bambancen karatu. Siffofin 2 na farko sun fi halayen epizootics, hanya mai zurfi da tsawaitawa yana yiwuwa tare da lokuta na lokaci-lokaci da ke haifar da serotype B.
bushewa form
Alamomin bushewa a cikin aladu suna haɓaka da sauri, a cikin kwanaki 1-2. Dabbobi sun zama masu raɗaɗi, zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 40-42 ° C, amai ya bayyana, ci gaba ɗaya ba ya nan. Numfashi da bugun zuciya ya zama mai yawa, kumburin jini da jajayen jajaye masu yawa ana gano su akan fata, an fi ganin bayyanarsa a cikin hoton. Mafi sau da yawa, ana ganin nau’in zazzabin alade mai tsananin gaske ko kuma a cikin matasa.
Siffar m
Tsawon lokacin wannan nau’in cutar shine kwanaki 3-7. A cikin aladu, yanayin zafi kuma yana tashi, ana lura da amai da maƙarƙashiya. Yawancin lokaci suna kwance, an binne su a cikin datti, ba sa ci. A nan gaba, an maye gurbin maƙarƙashiya da zawo, ana ganin ɗigon jini a cikin stool. Yawan fitsari yana raguwa, sau da yawa yana juya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Mata suna zubar da ciki, gamsai na fita daga hanci da idanu, kumburin ciki, wani lokacin fitar jini yakan zama jini.
A wasu sassa na jiki, pustules suna fitowa a fata, wanda daga ciki ake fitar da ƙwarji mai launin rawaya-kore. Ana iya ganin kurji mai haske, lokacin da suka haɗu, manyan tabo jajayen da ba sa bacewa idan an danna su. Rashin kunya, kunnuwa da kafafu suna cyanotic, rauni yana ci gaba. Yawan lymphocytes a cikin jini yana raguwa.
Akwai nau’i mai juyayi na zazzabin alade na gargajiya. Tare da irin wannan cuta, zafin jiki zai iya zama al’ada. Dabbobi suna da ciwon tsoka ko firgita. Ƙafafun baya sun zama masu rauni, paresis ko inna na iya faruwa. Lokaci na jin dadi a cikin alade ana maye gurbinsu da rashin tausayi da rashin barci. Dabbar ta mutu bayan kwanaki 1-2.
Subacute form
Subacute classical alade zazzabi da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na wannan Pathology tasowa tare da dogon hanya na m nau’i tare da ba a bayyana asibiti. Zazzabi a cikin dabbobi ba su da yawa, alamun rashin ruwa, gudawa, tari suna fitowa a gaba. Dabbobi suna da rauni, sun rasa nauyi sosai, manyan jakunkuna masu launin shuɗi ko ja, ana ganin alamun zubar jini akan fata. Pus yana ɓoye daga hanci da idanu. Farfadowa yana da wuyar gaske.
Na yau da kullun
Zazzaɓin alade na yau da kullun yana da wuya. Wani lokaci ana ganin wannan kwas a cikin dabbobin da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi tare da ƙarancin matakan rigakafi bayan rigakafin. Cutar tana ɗaukar watanni 1-2. Zafin jiki na iya kasancewa na al’ada ko ya ƙaru kaɗan. Dabbobi suna rage kiba a hankali, baya yana kaifi da sage, baya ya lankwashe. Alade ba shi da abinci, yawancin yini yana kwance a cikin kwandon shara.
A cikin gaba akwai raunuka na gastrointestinal tract da tsarin numfashi. Fibrous, kumburin purulent yana tasowa a cikin ciki, hanji, ko huhu. Ana wulakanta aladu, wani lokacin akwai jini a cikin najasa, warin yana da ban tsoro. An gano tsarin numfashi tare da ciwon huhu, pleurisy, panting hog, tari. Mai nauyi, saurin numfashi. purulent conjunctivitis da serous-purulent hanci fitar da hanci ne halayyar wannan nau’i. Wani lokaci nau’i na yau da kullum yana ɓacewa tare da lokutan remission da exacerbation. A wasu lokuta, ba a bayyana alamun cutar ba. Siffar latent da asymptomatic sun fi haɗari, tunda dabba mara lafiya ta zama tushen kamuwa da cuta.
Siffata masu rikitarwa
Zazzaɓin alade na iya rikitarwa ta salmonellosis ko pasteurellosis. A cikin akwati na farko, nau’in ciwon hanji yana tasowa, yawan zawo mai ƙamshi, ruwa, launin toka mai launin toka tare da gamsai, jini ya bayyana. Salmonellosis ana daukar kwayar cutar daga dabbobi marasa lafiya zuwa mutane, saboda haka, tare da irin wannan rikitarwa, dole ne a dauki kulawa ta musamman. Pasteurellosis yana haifar da alamun huhu: tari, ƙarancin numfashi, numfashi, alamun mashako, da ciwon huhu.
Pathology da ganewar asali
Lokacin da aka gano barkewar zazzabin alade na gargajiya a gonar alade, ƙarin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zama dole. Na farko, ana yin gwajin gawarwakin gawarwakin matattu.
- fata a kan ciki, cinyoyin ciki, kirjin inuwa mai launin ja mai launin jini mai yawa,
- Lymph nodes a cikin sashin suna da nau’in marmara, girma, launin su jariri ne ko baki ɗaya,
- a cikin huhu hemorrhage, bugun zuciya, da yawa maki a saman an gano,
- zuciya tare da jini mai yawa tare da tasoshin, a cikin epicardium da pericardium,
- saifa ba ta da girma sosai, ana gano infarcts masu siffar wedge a cikin kewayen ku, suna fuskantar gefen sashin jiki tare da babban sashi, alama ce ta al’ada ta CSF,
- kodan marasa lafiya tare da alamun gazawar jini, anemia, tare da zubar jini a cikin mucosa,
- ciki da hanji suna kumburi, ana lura da raunuka a ƙarƙashin mucosa (musamman ana bayyana su a cikin kwanaki 7-9 na cutar),
- tare da leaks subacute, enteritis da gastritis tare da zubar jini da zub da jini,
- tare da annoba na yau da kullun a cikin ciki da hanji, ulcers tare da wuraren necrosis suna bayyana, kumburin lymph nodes mai tsanani a cikin mesentery, tare da ulceration Iyami. Waɗannan alamun suna bayyana musamman a cikin cecum da hanji.
Suna tabbatar da ganewar cutar zazzabin alade ta gargajiya ta hanyar nazarin jini, nodes na lymph, kasusuwa, da sabulu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana yin nazarin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ta PCR, immunoassay enzyme da kuma hanyar antibody fluorescent Yi amfani da samfuran halitta ta hanyar allura kayan cikin alade marasa rigakafi. Kuna iya bambanta pathology na irin waɗannan cututtuka:
- Nau’in zazzabin aladu na Afirka ko PPA,
- salmonellosis,
- streptococcal kamuwa da cuta ko erysipelas,
- Aujeszky ta cuta,
- dysentery,
- gastroenteritis,
- pasteurellosis,
- mura da parainfluenza.
Lokacin yin ganewar asali, ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan nau’in ilimin cututtuka yana da haɗari musamman. Wajibi ne a dauki matakan kulawa da doka ta tsara.
Jiyya da rigakafi
Ba a samar da maganin zazzabin aladu na gargajiya ba, saboda haka, dole ne a lalata duk dabbobi marasa lafiya. Kodayake ba a yada kwayar cutar ga mutane ba, ba za ku iya cin nama ba: kwayar cutar ta kasance a cikinta na dogon lokaci, ana iya shigo da shi zuwa wasu yankuna, haifar da epizootics tsakanin dabbobi. Dole ne a ƙone dukkan gawarwakin bayan yanka. Dukkanin gonakin da ke yankin suna cikin keɓe, an ayyana dokar ta-baci kuma an hana fitar da kayayyakin nama zuwa iyakarta.
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don rigakafin zazzabin alade ta gargajiya ita ce ta allurar rigakafi. Alurar riga kafi suna ba piglets raye-raye marasa aiki a cikin makonnin farko na rayuwa. Tasirin alluran rigakafi yana ci gaba a duk shekara. Ana ba da maganin ta hanyar allura. Har ila yau, akwai magungunan baka da ake ba wa matasa dabbobi a gonaki ko yankunan da ake zargin suna da kamuwa da cuta.A cikin fashewar epizootics a cikin aladu, ana fesa feshin kan ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni.
Matakan yaƙi da kowace kamuwa da cuta ba za su yi tasiri ba idan ba a hana su cikin lokaci ba. Don hana ƙwayoyin cutar annoba na gargajiya daga yaɗuwa zuwa gonaki, cututtuka da mace-mace, ya kamata a ɗauki matakai masu zuwa:
- Sayi dabbobin da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi tare da duk takaddun shaida na dabbobi daga gonaki da yankuna masu wadata.
- Har ila yau, aladun da suka isa dole ne su kasance a keɓe har tsawon wata guda, a ware su da sauran garken.
- Kayan kaya, sufuri, kayan gida, tufafi na mutane, ana kashe su lokaci-lokaci.
- Yakamata a killace salo da wuraren tafiya yadda ya kamata domin kada kuraye da karnuka da batattu suka shiga cikinsa.
- Abinci da ruwa suna buƙatar lalata su, yana da kyau a sayi abinci na masana’antu waɗanda ke fama da maganin zafi.
- A cikin salon, dole ne a aiwatar da ɓarna a cikin lokaci, tunda rodents sune masu ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta.
Idan zazzabin aladu na gargajiya ya barke a gona, an sanya keɓe na kwanaki 40, dole ne a kawar da garken. Ana ƙidaya lokaci daga yanayin dabbar ƙarshe. Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da cikakken disinfection na wurin. Sharar gida da arha kuna ƙonewa. Don kawar da cututtuka, yi amfani da lemun tsami, bleach, crsol. Cire kuɗi bisa ga umarnin.
