Dankalin Labadia sanannen nau’in nau’in Dutch ne mai yawan samar da abinci don amfanin tebur. A iri-iri ne quite sabon (an gabatar da shi zuwa Jihar Register kawai a 2012), amma a cikin wannan gajeren lokaci ya gudanar ya fada cikin soyayya da yawa lambu. Za mu yi la’akari da bayanin rarrabuwa dalla-dalla a cikin labarin.
Halayen dankalin turawa na Labadia
Halaye iri-iri
Labadie shine nau’in yana tsakiyar girma, yana ba da albarkatu masu yawa na manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Lokacin ciyayi yana kusan kwanaki 75-85, masaukin saman yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 105-110. Yawan amfanin iri-iri shine 300-450c / ha.
Labadia yana da tsarin yanki don Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Duniya, Tsakiyar Baƙar fata, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, Volga ta Tsakiya, da Arewacin Caucasus.
Dankali yana da juriya ga yanayin zafi da fari, kuma yana nuna sakamako mai kyau koyaushe a cikin ƙasa iri-iri. Ta hanyar dasawa matasa tubers tare da biostimulants, yana yiwuwa a shuka amfanin gona a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona biyu.
Bayanin shuka
Amfanin amfanin gona ya dace da halaye masu zuwa:
- daji yana da tsayi, a tsaye, madaidaici ko tsaka-tsaki (wanda ya karye),
- mai tushe suna da ƙarfi, haɓaka da kyau.
- Ganyen yana da girma, dan kaɗawa a gefuna,
- an fentin ganyen kore mai haske,
- Corolla yana da matsakaicin girma,
- furanni fari ne,
- harbe-harbe iri daya ne, masu daidaitawa.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
A cikin Ikklesiya shrub cultivar yana ɗaukar matsakaicin dankali 6 zuwa 10.
- ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari ne babba (100-150 g), elongated m,
- idanu ƙanana ne, na matsakaicin zurfin zurfi.
- launin rawaya fata tare da m surface,
- naman yana da kirim mai rawaya,
- abun ciki na sitaci shine 12-16% na jimlar taro.
Bayanin tuber ba koyaushe yayi daidai da wanda aka bayyana ba. Dalilin wannan shine bambancin yanayin girma.
Aikace-aikacen
Dankalin dankalin turawa yana da dandano mai kyau, yana da kyau don yin burodi (na dabam ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauran jita-jita) .A lokacin dafa abinci, yana tafasa kadan, don haka ana bada shawara don rage lokacin dafa abinci dan kadan dangane da girke-girke na yau da kullum, ko don ƙarawa. dafaffen tasa bayan mintuna biyu.
Cuidado
Kulawa mai kyau zai ba ku damar samun girbi mai kyau
Bambance-bambancen suna da sauƙi, amma don haɓaka ƙimar ingancin ‘ya’yan itace da ƙari. Ana yin sassautawa don haɓaka iska da ruwa na ƙasa.
Saki
Tushen tsarin dankali yana buƙatar iska fiye da sauran kayan lambu. Tare da ƙarancin iska saboda samuwar ɓawon burodi a ƙasa ko yawan zafi, tsire-tsire na iya dakatar da samar da ‘ya’yan itace. Sabili da haka, yankin tushen dole ne a sassauta shi akai-akai kuma a dasa shi.
Ana yin sako-sako da farko kafin germination (kwanaki 5-7 bayan shuka), hade tare da tsaftace yankin daga ciyawa. Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin da ke gaba a hankali don kada su lalata saman, lokacin su ya dogara da ƙimar hardening na ƙasa (plugging).
Hilling
Ana yin hawan dutse ne kawai a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi mai zafi, lokacin da ake yin aikin a lokacin zafi da bushewa, akwai haɗarin asarar amfanin gona. Wajibi ne a yi gaggawa bayan shayarwa, da sassafe ko kuma a cikin dare (lokacin da zafin rana ya ragu). Ana maimaita hanyar sau biyu har zuwa lokacin fure na shuka, a tsayin daji na 13-15 cm kuma bayan makonni 3.
Watse
Ƙarar da adadin ban ruwa ya dogara da abun da ke cikin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. girma A cikin ruwan sama, an shayar da shi a cikin lokacin furanni (lokacin da amfanin gona yana buƙatar yawan danshi). Tare da ƙarancin danshi, sassan na sama suna fara bushewa kuma sun rasa elasticity, shuka yana buƙatar ban ruwa a cikin adadin lita 50 a kowace m2 (domin duk Layer mai laushi ya cika da ruwa).
A cikin yanayi mai zafi, amfanin gona zai buƙaci waterings uku a kowace kakar, bayan germination, bayyanar farkon harbe da bayan flowering. Mafi girma adadin zai haifar da stagnation na danshi a cikin ƙasa.
Da takin mai magani
Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai magani ko da a kan ƙasa mafi girma. Ana gabatar da ciyarwar farko bayan kwanaki 30-35 bayan shuka, to ana iya daidaita aikace-aikacen takin mai magani tare da ban ruwa na amfanin gona (a lokacin samuwar harbe da bayan fure). Ya kamata ku yi hankali da kashi na koto na nitrogen (musamman nitrate), saboda suna iya haifar da tarawar nitrates a cikin ‘ya’yan itace.
Don haɓaka da haɓaka iri-iri, babban sutura tare da abun ciki na:
- urea (urea),
- superphosphate,
- sulfate,
- potassium chloride,
- Bordeaux ruwa,
- zubar da tsuntsaye.
Cututtuka
Iri-iri yana da juriya ga kamuwa da cuta ta nematode na zinariya
Dankali Labadia cultivars suna da juriya ga cututtuka kamar:
- nematode na zinariya (globoderosis),
- crumpled mosaic,
- dankalin turawa ciwon daji.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin juriya iri-iri yana nunawa dangane da:
- bayyanar mosaic na banded,
- Kwayoyin cutar virus,
- latti kumburin tayin da ganye (rubewar ruwan kasa).
Ƙayyadewa
Mafi haɗari ga iri-iri sune cututtuka na nau’ikan asali guda uku:
- Fungal – alternariosis (bushe tabo), phomosis (gangrene, fomose rot, button cuta), na kowa scab, rhizoctoniosis (black scab), powdery azurfa scab, fusarium wilt (bushe rot na ‘ya’yan itace), whorled wilt.
- Bacteria – launin ruwan kasa na kwayan cuta rot, zobe rot, baƙar fata kafa.
- Speckled viral mosaic, gothic (siffar spindle), ‘ya’yan itace necrosis (tabo) na ‘ya’yan itace, kara nematode.
An yi la’akari da cututtukan fungal mafi tsanani ga dankali Don adana yawancin amfanin gona, ya kamata a fara yaki da yaduwar fungal spores da wuri-wuri (a farkon matakan rarraba). Ya kamata a lura cewa wasu nau’ikan namomin kaza na iya zama a cikin ƙasa a cikin yanayin dakatar da tashin hankali har zuwa shekaru 6. A kowane hali, tubers dauke da fungal spores bai kamata a ci. wasu daga cikinsu na iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane.
An samu karuwar kamuwa da cutar bakteriya sakamakon shigar da injinan girbi da lalacewar tubers da ta yi. A mafi yawan lokuta, kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa yana faruwa a lokacin girbi, rarraba dankali da shirya su don dasa shuki.
Cutar cututtuka na al’ada, kamar ciwon ƙwayar cuta, ba za a iya warkewa ba. Ana kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta daga mutane marasa lafiya da wasu nau’in ƙwayoyin cuta.
Karin kwari
Mafi hatsarin kwari ga Labadia sune:
- Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro,
- nutcracker irin ƙwaro larvae (wireworms),
- cokali dankalin turawa,
- asu dankalin turawa,
- nematode dankalin turawa,
- aphids.
Baya ga cututtukan da suke ɗauka da kansu, kwari suna lalata amfanin gona ta hanyar cin ganye, mai tushe, ‘ya’yan itace, da tushen tushen. Tsiron da ya lalace yana fuskantar ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da ƙarancin danshi, wanda ke haifar da raguwar girma ko ma mutuwa.
A farkon matakan mamaye kwaro, ana ba da shawarar girbi da hannu, idan akwai ƙarin lalacewa, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da magungunan jama’a da magungunan kashe kwari.
ƙarshe
Labadia dankali ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi kyawun sabbin nau’ikan da aka keɓe don layin tsakiya. Al’adar tana da kyawawan halaye na samfur, kyakkyawan dandano da kiyaye inganci. Haɗin noma mara fa’ida da garantin girbi mai albarka yana sa nau’in ya zama mai ban sha’awa duka a cikin yanayin girma na masana’antu da kuma a cikin ƙaramin yanki na kewayen birni.
