Dankali shine al’adun da aka fi amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullun na kowane mutum. Dankali adretta iri-iri ne na tebur na tsakiyar kakar. An haife iri-iri a Jamus, kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. A Rasha, nau’in ya zama sananne musamman saboda dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
Bayanin Dankali Adretta
halaye iri-iri
Sauran nau’ikan dankalin turawa, Adretta yana nuna babban matakan yawan aiki. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna dafa sosai kuma suna da ɗanɗano sosai. An yi la’akari da nau’in dankalin turawa mai launin rawaya a matsayin nau’in abinci iri-iri, amma tun zuwan nau’in Adretta, komai ya canza.Halayen cultivar Adretta:
- harsashi na tsarin iri-iri yana da launin rawaya,
- daya daga cikin bambance-bambancen shine, idanu sun yi kama da girmansu.
- sifar ‘ya’yan itace m,
- bushes suna da ƙarfi, madaidaiciya, ba tsayi ba,
- Bangaren ganye yana da girma dabam dabam: ƙanana da manyan ganye na iya kasancewa akan daji,
- maturation lokaci ne 80-85 days.
Ganin Adrett ba shi da saurin kamuwa da matsanancin zafi. Bayanin masu nuna dandano ya ce tubers, bayan maganin zafi, ya zama friable, wanda ya sa iri-iri ya dace don mashing dankali da fries na Faransa. Ba kamar sauran nau’ikan da ke buƙatar haɗin ƙasa ba, nau’in Adretta na iya girma a kowace ƙasa.
Amfanin
Cikakken bayanin Adretta ya tabbatar da cewa nau’in Adretta yana da kyau sosai ga masu shayarwa da yawa. Manoman Jamus da sauri sun sami masu sha’awar su a tsakanin manoma saboda yawan amfanin gona da kuma lokacin girma da wuri.
Fara daga ha 1, zaku iya tattara har zuwa ton 45 na kyawawan dankalin turawa. A cikin lokuta masu wuya, bayan sanyi, bayyanar yana ɗaukar dandano mai dadi.
disadvantages
Abin baƙin ciki shine, ga duk manyan alamunta, Adretta dankali yana da babban koma baya. Iri-iri yana da fallasa ga kowane nau’in fungi da kwari, wannan yakan haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci.
Akwai analogues waɗanda suka fi jure wa cututtuka da hare-haren kwaro. Dangane da dandano, nau’in Teleevsky ne kawai zai iya saman wannan dankalin turawa. Ire-iren da aka haifa a Jamus sune ‘fitattun’ dankalin turawa. Ana ɗaukar bayanan dandanonsa mafi kyau a duniya.
Al’adu
Tare da duk kulawar ku, dankali har yanzu ba zai iya girma da kansa ba. Kulawa da kyau da aikace-aikacen takin zamani na iya inganta inganci da yawan amfanin gona. Ya kamata a dasa al’adar a cikin fili da sararin samaniya. Lokacin saukarwa, ya kamata a la’akari da wurin da ruwan karkashin kasa yake. Nisa zuwa gare su dole ne ya zama akalla 1 m.
Tsarin ƙasa
Ƙasa don dasa shuki yana buƙatar shirya
Mafi dacewa don dasa shuki shine yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi. Amma, a wasu ƙasa, dankalin wannan nau’in shima zai yi girma sosai. Ana fara shirye-shiryen ƙasa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi. Wajibi ne a tono a gaba, wurin da aka zaɓa, don takin shi da kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, an sake haƙa ƙasa. Ana amfani da takin mai magani na superphosphate. Saukowa yana faruwa lokacin da sanyi ya ƙare, daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.
Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka
Ana shirya tsaba har ma a lokacin girbi, ana zaɓar mafi lafiya kuma mafi yawan tubers iri ɗaya. A cikin bazara, dole ne a cire tsaba daga cikin cellar. Dankali ya fara girma kamar watanni 1,5 kafin shuka.
Yanayin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama 18 ℃ da dangi zafi 40-60%. Bayan kwanaki 21, tubers za su juya kore kuma suyi girma. A wannan mataki, ana buƙatar su da ruwa kuma an rufe su da fim. Ta wannan hanyar, bar shi har tsawon kwanaki 7.
Don kashe ‘ya’yan itacen, yi amfani da sinadarai na musamman ko shirya maganin manganese, boric acid, jan karfe sulfate, da ruwa da kanku. Kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar saka cokali na ash a cikin rijiyoyin. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen wadatar da ƙasa da nitrogen da potassium. Don wadatar da ƙasa tare da fluoride da alli, ana amfani da ƙwai da aka dasa.
Shuka
Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 10 cm. Ana yin rijiyoyin a nesa na 40 cm daga juna. a cikin layuka na kusan 60 cm.
Don korar kwari, ana bada shawarar sanya ɗigon kaza a cikin kowane rami. Babban abu shine kada ku wuce gona da iri, in ba haka ba kasar zata zama acidic. Bayan an dasa, ana daidaita ƙasar da rake.
Cuidado
Don samun girbi mai kyau, wajibi ne don samar da kulawa mai kyau ga tsire-tsire. Ana amfani da takin zamani a matakin dasawa. Babban abu shine tabbatar da mafi kyawun danshi na ƙasa. Don daji 1, a matsakaici, ana buƙatar lita 3 na ruwa, a cikin bushewar yanayi 4 lita.
Ana yin ban ruwa ta hanyar yayyafawa ko ta tsarin drip. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa yawan danshi zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Ana yin taki na biyu bayan fure.
Hilling
Hanyar ba ta da ma’ana idan yanayin ya bushe, in ba haka ba tubers zai yi zafi kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu. A karkashin yanayi na al’ada, hawan dutse yana faruwa sau biyu a kakar wasa. A karon farko kwayoyin cutar sun bayyana tsayin su cm 12, a karo na biyu kwayoyin suna girma da tsayin cm 20.
Ana yin aikin da safe ko da yamma. A cikin yanayi mara kyau, maimakon tudu, sassauta ƙasa tsakanin layuka. Wannan zai wadatar da tushen tsarin tare da oxygen. Kawar da ciyawa na taimakawa wajen riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa.
Taki
Kuna iya fahimtar cewa shuka ba ta da bitamin ta bayyanarsa. Idan harbe suna da rauni da bakin ciki, ya kamata a kara urea. Don hanzarta fure, lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, an ƙara ash a hade tare da potassium sulfate.
Ciyarwa a cikin lokacin fure yana taimakawa haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen. A wannan mataki, ana amfani da mahadi na halitta ko superphosphates. A matsakaici, 0.5 l na taki yana fitowa daga daji 1 a lokaci guda.
Yadda zai iya cutar da shi
An yi la’akari da nau’in dankalin turawa Adretta mai tsayayya ga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, amma akwai jerin cututtuka, wanda kuke buƙatar jin tsoro.
- Phytophthora – yana nuna kanta tare da danshi mai yawa. Brown spots bayyana a kan mai tushe, kuma tushen amfanin gona yana shafar rot.
- Macrosporiosis: ɓangaren ƙasa da tsarin tushen an rufe su da busassun launin ruwan kasa.
- Scab: bushe da rigar rot na ƙasa da tushen sassa.
- Aphids kwari ne na kowa wanda ke shafar tsiron dankalin turawa a lokacin girma. A matsayin gargadi, ya kamata a dasa faski ko dill kusa da dankalin turawa.
- Kwaro na dankalin turawa na Colorado shine kwaro na yau da kullun da ke shafar kowane nau’in dankalin turawa.
- Orange whitefly: yana sha duk abubuwan gina jiki daga ganye.
