Bayanin Tumatir Tumatir –

Daga cikin adadi mai yawa na nau’in tumatir, wanda shahararsa ke girma a kowace shekara, tumatur na tumatur yana da babban tasiri. Da farko, wannan labarin ya dace da truffles na Jafananci, wanda aka gabatar a cikin launuka daban-daban guda biyar, wanda manyan kamfanonin noma na CIS ke bayarwa: ilimin kimiyyar halittu, lambun Siberian da sauran su. Samun yawan fa’idodin da ba za a iya musantawa ba, irin waɗannan tumatir sun cancanci bayanin daban, sabili da haka tabbas suna buƙatar yin la’akari da su dalla-dalla.

Bayanin tumatir truffle

Manyan haruffa Nost

Da farko, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan nau’in tumatir ya sami sunansa ba kwatsam ba, wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwan irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da siffar da ke kama da truffle: naman gwari, wanda shine daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri delicacies a duniya. duniya. Hakanan yana da daraja ƙara cewa waɗannan berries na ainihi suna kama da pear ko kwan fitila ga mutane da yawa. Wani abin lura shi ne gaskiyar cewa tumatur ɗin tumatur ɗin yana da bayyanarsa ga masu kiwo na Rasha waɗanda suka yi nasarar ware shi a cikin wani nau’in daban shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata.

Amma ga sauran halaye na wannan gagarumin iri-iri na tumatir, jerinsa sune kamar haka:

• Matsakaicin lokacin ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa irin waɗannan tsire-tsire shine kwanaki 115 / – 5,
• Tumatir truffle bushes suna da girma a tsayi, matsakaicin ƙimar wanda zai iya kusanci alamar mita 2 a cikin yanayin greenhouse (lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, wannan adadi yana kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu).
• Yawan goge a kan kara guda na iya kaiwa zuwa guda 5, akan kowannensu kusan 5-6 berries girma,
• Baya ga tumatir Truffle mai siffar pear, suna da ɗan ƙaramin jijiya, wanda za’a iya gani a cikin ɗimbin hotuna na waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka gabatar a yanar gizo na World Wide,
• yawan adadin berries na shuke-shuke da ake tambaya suna cikin kewayon 90-170 g, kuma da wuya ya wuce ƙimar da aka nuna,
• Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na tumatir Truffle a mafi yawan lokuta shine 4 kg daga daji 1, kodayake tare da kulawa mai kyau wannan alamar na iya zama mafi girma.

Har ila yau, yana da kyau a yi la’akari da cewa irin waɗannan tumatir sun dace da amfani da sabo da gwangwani. An tabbatar da wannan ta ɗimbin dubarun abubuwan da suka dace da masu lambu daga Rasha da maƙwabta suka bari.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da tumatir truffle

Lokacin da aka jera manyan halaye na tumatir na wannan nau’in, yana da kyau a ambaci mahimman fa’idodi da rashin amfani waɗanda suka mallaka. Idan muka nuna mahimman fa’idodin irin waɗannan amfanin gona na ‘ya’yan itace, bayaninsu zai yi kama da haka:

• m dandano halaye na berries, wanda zai iya saduwa da tsammanin kowane mai cin ganyayyaki, ko da mafi m,
• a akai-akai high kashi hadi na ovaries, godiya ga wanda mai shuke-shuke iya kai a kai cimma mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa.
• ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari yawa, wanda damar ba kawai don safarar su ba tare da lalacewa a kan dogon nisa, amma kuma adana da berries na dogon lokaci, alhãli kuwa kiyaye duk m m amfani Properties,
• tsayin daka ga yawancin cututtuka da kwari da ke haifar da barazana ga tumatir iri-iri.

Wani sanannen halayyar tumatir Truffle shine ikonsa na jure manyan canje-canje a yanayin zafi, har ma da ƙananan sanyi.

Dole ne nau’in ya zama league

Game da rashin daidaituwa na iri-iri da ake tambaya, ya kamata a lura cewa yana da kaɗan daga cikinsu: duk abin da zai iya, ko da na dasa irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin gidan rani na ko a cikin gidan da ke kusa da gidan. kauce wa karyewa, dole ne a daure truffle, kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka tattara daga irin waɗannan bushes ba su dace da yin juices da taliya ba, saboda yawan abun ciki na busassun kayan abinci.

Shahararrun tumatir na Truffle

Bayanin tumatir da aka gabatar a cikin wannan abu ba zai cika ba idan bai haɗa da la’akari da manyan nau’in su ba. Yin aiki yana nuna cewa ƙarshen ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin launi ba, har ma a wasu halaye waɗanda sakamakon ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa ne. Kuna iya bincika wannan ba tare da wahala ba: kawai karanta bayanin kowane nau’in daban.

1. Jafananci truffle. Babban fasalin wannan nau’in, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, yana da ban mamaki sosai. ‘Ya’yan itãcen irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ana bambanta su da wani wuri mai sheki da jajayen tint mai wadata tare da ɗan ƙara launin ruwan kasa. Gabaɗaya, irin wannan tumatir yana da daɗi sosai, kuma ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ne.
2. Jirgin Jafananci baƙar fata ne. Duk da sunan ‘inuwa’, yana da kyau a ɗauki waɗannan tumatir a matsayin launin ruwan kasa. Ba su bambanta da nau’i ba daga nau’in da aka kwatanta a sama, amma babban bambancin su shine ɗanɗano mai ladabi.
3. Pink Jafananci truffle. Baya ga launi, nau’in da ake la’akari da shi kusan ba shi da bambanci da ja ‘danginsa’. Muhimmin siffa guda ɗaya ta tumatir mai ruwan hoda ta Japan ita ce matakin zaƙi, wanda ya ɗan fi girma.
4. Jafananci zinariya truffle (rawaya). Wannan tumatir, wanda shine mafi sauƙi a cikin mahallin ‘yan’uwansa, yana da wani babban bambanci. Shi ne mafi zaki a cikin dukkan nau’in truffle, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa sun fi son amfani da shi azaman ‘ya’yan itace. Har ila yau, abin lura ne cewa wannan nau’in nau’in launin rawaya ya fi dacewa da yara ƙanana, musamman saboda nasa hypoallergenicity.
5. Jafananci truffle shine orange. Kamar ‘abokin aikin sa’ rawaya, tumatir da ake tambaya ana bambanta da kyakkyawan zaƙi. Har ila yau, abin lura ne cewa tumatir truffle na Jafananci suna da nauyi sosai: kamar yadda gwaninta ya nuna, yawan su na iya kaiwa alamar gram 200 sau da yawa.

Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, akwai wasu tumatir a kasuwa.Truffle iri, kowannensu yana da nasa ƙananan bambance-bambance, musamman launi. Musamman ma, nau’in rasberi na waɗannan tumatir ya shahara sosai tare da masu lambu, babban amfani da shi shine dandano, har ma da yaji fiye da na black truffle.

Noma da kulawa

Lokacin dasa shuki, kiyaye nisa da ake bukata

Don samun lafiyayyen tumatur na Truffle mai ƙarfi, mai shuka ya kamata ya bi wasu shawarwari masu sauƙi. Da farko, kana buƙatar zaɓar akwati, girman wanda ya dace da adadin shirye-shiryen tsaba, kuma cika shi da ƙasa mai laushi. Yana da kyau a yi la’akari da cewa:

• Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don girma seedlings shine 15 zuwa 17 ° C;
• bayan harbe sun sami cikakken ganye na farko, suna buƙatar dasa su cikin tukunya ko akwati mai zurfi,
• ya kamata a ciyar da tsire-tsire akai-akai, kuma kwanaki 7-8 kafin a dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata a haɗe su tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da potassium da phosphorus.
• lambu waɗanda suka dasa shuki na dindindin a cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na Mayu, muna yin aikin noman su na kwanaki 55-60.

Bugu da ƙari, yana da ma’ana don ƙarawa.Ya zama dole don shuka tsire-tsire masu girma bisa ga tsarin 40 × 40 cm. Ba a ba da shawarar rage wannan nisa ba, don soke rashin abinci mai gina jiki wanda haɓaka tumatir zai iya samu.

A nan gaba, mai gidan ya kamata ya kula da samuwar bushes, barin 2 mai tushe a kansu. Amma ga adadin gogewa a cikin kowane ɗayan na ƙarshe, kada ya wuce guda 5. Yawan adadin tsire-tsire kawai ba zai jefa ba, sabili da haka a yawancin lokuta yana da ma’ana don barin kawai goge 3: 5-7 berries ga kowane a .

Idan kun kwatanta zaɓuɓɓukan biyu don girma tumatir iri-iri na Truffle – a cikin bude ƙasa da a cikin greenhouse – na biyu yana ba ku damar cimma babban aiki mai girma. Kasancewa a cikin daki mai kariya, bishiyoyin tumatir suna girma sosai, suna bambanta a cikin mafi yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka kafa.

Hakanan, lokacin girma tumatir truffle, kar a manta da mahimman mahimman bayanai masu zuwa:

• Danshin kasa ya zama matsakaici, sannan a yi amfani da ruwan dumi domin ban ruwa.
• kasar gona ya kamata a yi takin lokaci-lokaci kuma a sassauta yayin tsaftace ciyawa.
• bushes ya kamata a shayar da su akai-akai (wannan doka ta dace idan tumatir girma a cikin waɗanda ke cikin yanayi mai kyau).

Cututtuka da kwari

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba za a iya kiran tumatir Truffle ba musamman mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da cututtukan arthropods. Duk da haka, a wasu yanayi, nau’in da ake tambaya zai iya sha wahala daga cututtuka masu haɗari, mafi yawan lokuta na asalin fungal. Wadannan, musamman, suna da lalacewa kuma suna yin lalacewa, wanda zai iya haifar da asarar yawancin amfanin gona. Don magance irin wannan rashin sa’a, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fungicides, magungunan kashe qwari, wanda aka tabbatar da tasirinsa akai-akai a aikace.Da farko, waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Oxychrome,
• Fundazole,
• Liquid Bordeaux, da dai sauransu.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don kare tumatir Truffle daga kwari, ɗayan wakilai mafi haɗari shine ƙwayar ƙwayar tumatir. Wannan parasite, wanda aka yi masa fentin launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya, zai iya yin tasiri ga duka mai tushe da ganyen shukar da kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwansa, wanda galibi ke haifar da raguwar yawan aiki. Don magance wannan arachnid, ya fi dacewa don amfani da shirye-shirye na tushen phosphamide da sauran magungunan kashe kwari da aka haɓaka akan kwari na amfanin gona na nightshade.