Tumatir seedling namo a 2018 –

Yayin da sabuwar kakar noma ta gabato, manoma sun fara tunanin shuka tumatir. Domin shuka tumatir a cikin 2018 ya zama lafiya da ƙarfi, kuna buƙatar sanin dabarun noma. Ta yaya kuma yaushe ya kamata a dasa shi? Bari mu wuce kan manyan matakai.

Girman seedlingsan tumatir a cikin 2018

Lokacin sa amb

Don samun girbi mai kyau na tumatir, yana da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da bukatun shahararrun tsire-tsire. Duk da cewa shayarwa sun bred da yawa adapted hybrids, har yanzu muna bukatar mu kula da climatic halaye na yankin. Shuka a cikin ƙasa bude ko greenhouse yana faruwa watanni 2 bayan da tsaba sun haɗe, don haka ya zama dole a la’akari da lokuta na kowane yanki.

Kwanaki masu albarka

Lokacin dasa tumatir don seedlings a cikin 2018? ƙwararrun manoma suna kula da lokacin kalandar Lunar. Ana ɗaukar sabon wata da cikakken wata kwanakin da ba su yi nasara ba don aikin noma, sauran kuma ana yada su cikin watanni.

1. Fabrairu ya dace da girma seedlings a cikin greenhouses da kuma a kudancin yankunan. Mafi kyawun lokuta a cikin 2018 ana ɗaukar su daga 16 zuwa 18, sannan daga 21 zuwa 25 da 28.
2. Maris shine lokaci mafi kyau ga yankuna na Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Shuka ya fi kyau 03, sannan – 11-12. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu a yi saukowa da wuri ba, ƙarshen watan ya kasance a ajiye: 20-21 da 24-26.
3. Afrilu Mafi kyawun zaɓi don yankuna na Siberiya da Ural, da kuma namo na ƙarshen iri. A cikin shekara ta gaba, lokacin da aka ba da shawarar zai zama lokutan lokaci waɗanda suka faɗi cikin lambobi 17-18, 21-22 da 27-28.

Kwanaki marasa kyau

Yaushe ba zai yiwu a shuka tumatir a cikin 2018 ba? Domin shuka ya haɓaka daidai, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar lokacin da ya dace don aikin noma. Lambobi masu zuwa suna da illa ga aiki da tumatir:

1. Fabrairu. A cikin watan ƙarshe na hunturu, ba a ba da shawarar shuka tumatir don 02-03, 09-10 da 15 seedlings ba.
2. Maris. Yawan rana a cikin bazara ba zai ceci amfanin gona daga mummunan kwanaki ba. An haramta gudanar da aikin noma daga 8 zuwa 10 da kuma daga 13 zuwa 16.
3. Afrilu.Ba za a iya dasa irin tumatur daga 04 zuwa 06 ba da kuma daga 14 zuwa 16.

Ga manoman da ba su da lokacin shuka amfanin gona a kan lokaci, yana da kyau a yi hattara da kwanakin farko. Tsire-tsire da aka dasa a wannan lokacin za su kasance masu rauni da raɗaɗi, wanda tabbas zai shafi girbi na gaba. Kwanaki marasa kyau kuma sun haɗa da farkon kalandar wata da ƙarshen wata.

Yadda ake shukawa

Seedlings don seedlings a cikin 2018 ana shuka su kwanaki 60 kafin fara aikin noma. An fara tsoma al’adar na tsawon sa’o’i 12 a cikin wani bayani na abubuwan da aka gano, bayan haka an bar shi ya yi girma a kan rigar da aka daskare. Ana dasa tsaba a cikin tukwane ko tsire-tsire zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 2 cm ba. Ana amfani da ƙasa ta musamman don tumatir ko cakuda ƙasa na peat, ƙasa da yashi azaman ƙasa. An rufe kwantena da polyethylene ko gilashi, sannan a bar su a kan haske, taga mai dumi don haɓakawa.

Shagon yana sayar da ƙasa na musamman don tsire-tsire tumatir, wanda duk abubuwan da aka gyara sun riga sun daidaita a cikin rabon da ake buƙata, kuma ya ƙunshi tsaka tsaki acidity tsakanin 6.0 – 6.5.

Dasa tumatir a shekarar 2018 na bukatar kulawar manoma sosai. Da zaran farkon harbe ya bayyana, wajibi ne a cire fim din kuma rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 16 ° C. Godiya ga wannan dabarar, shuka ba zai shimfiɗa ba. Bayan kwanaki 6, ana iya sake shirya shi akan taga mai dumi.

Lokacin girma seedlings, hasken wuta ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri.Sau da yawa Fabrairu da farkon Maris ba sa faranta wa yawan ranakun rana, wanda ke shafar bayyanar al’adun. Don kauce wa matsaloli masu yiwuwa, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da hasken wucin gadi. Don waɗannan dalilai, ba lallai ba ne don siyan phytolamps masu tsada, zaɓuɓɓukan ofis masu sauƙi kuma sun dace.

nutse

Tsire-tsire masu tasowa suna buƙatar faɗaɗa wurin zama, don haka tsire-tsire tumatir yawanci suna nutsewa. Sakamakon hanyar zai zama ingantaccen tsarin tushen. Lamarin da ganyen manya 2 suka bayyana akan kara.

Mako na uku bayan ƙyanƙyasar iri ana ɗaukar mafi kyawun lokacin kulawa. A wannan shekarun, tumatir suna da tushe mai ƙarfi, saboda haka zaku iya rage girman sandar ta hanyar milimita biyu cikin aminci. A seedlings daidaita da sauri zuwa sabon yanayi, ko da yake sun yi rashin lafiya a farkon kwanaki. Hanyar yana ƙin yarda da bushes masu rauni waɗanda zasu iya mutuwa tare da ƙaramin sa baki.

Kulawa da tushen a watan Afrilu zai dakatar da ci gaban shuka. Manoman farko sukan sami lokacin shuka ba daidai ba, suna zaɓar Fabrairu ko farkon Maris. A ƙarshen samuwar, yanayin yanayi bai dace ba, don haka ya zama dole don wuce gona da iri. Don jinkirta lokacin kaɗan, yi amfani da gajeriyar sanduna. Ana ba da izinin zaɓe har zuwa uku, maimaitu kowane mako 3.

Lokacin dasawa

Kafin dasa shuki, seedlings dole ne a taurare

Lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai, ana barin tumatir su fara taurare. Kushiyoyin suna fitowa kan titi kuma an bar su a ƙarƙashin rana da iska. A hankali, shukar ta saba da yanayin yanayi kuma ana ba da izinin fara dasa tumatir a cikin 2018.

A cikin greenhouse

Don samun kayan lambu na farko, manoma sun fi son shuka a cikin gida. An fi yin dasawa a wasu kwanaki, samar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaba. A cikin lokacin noma na gaba, an gano matakai da yawa ta watanni.

1. Fabrairu. A ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, mutane kaɗan ne ke fuskantar haɗarin dasa shuki shuka, amma suna ba da shawarar aiwatar da hanyoyin 17-19 da 25-26.
2. Maris. An ba da izinin shuka tsiron tumatir a cikin 2018 a ƙarshen wata. Kwanaki masu dacewa zasu kasance 21, 21 da lokacin daga 24 zuwa 26.
3. Afrilu Dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wurin girma na dindindin a cikin greenhouse yana da kyau a yi daga 20th zuwa 22nd kuma daga 25th zuwa 27th.
4. Mayu A cikin filin da aka rufe, ana yin shuka a ranakun daga 9 zuwa 11, da kuma a ranar 18th.

Tumatir don farkon seedlings a cikin 2018 ba a ba da shawarar shuka a cikin greenhouse a watan Janairu. Duk da tsawaita rana, al’adar tana da ɗan haske na halitta. Ƙarin fitilu za su yi tasiri ga girbi na gaba.

A cikin bude filin

Dasa shuki tumatir a cikin 2018 a cikin lambun kuma ana yin shi akan lokaci. An rubuta lokutan da suka dace don tumatir akan kalandar noma. Wadanne kwanaki ne aka fi samun nasarar shuka?

Hutu na watan Mayu shine mafi yawan lokutan aikin noma a fage. A cikin yankunan kudancin da yankin tsakiya, ƙasa ta riga ta dumi, don haka za ku iya magance seedlings ba tare da tsoro ba. Duk da haka, a cikin kakar wasa ta gaba, ana bada shawara don canja wurin hanyoyin a ƙarshen wata, a cikin lambobi 18-19 da 24-26. A wannan lokacin, ba za ku iya jin tsoro don dawo da sanyi ba.

Ga yankunan arewa, kalandar don dasa tumatir na gida a cikin 2018 ya ba da shawarar fara aikin ba a baya fiye da Yuni 14 da 15, ko ma motsa shi daga Yuni 21 zuwa 22. Ƙarfin wata a wannan lokacin ya fi dacewa ga tsire-tsire, don haka seedlings da sauri suna tushen kuma suna fara haɓakawa sosai. Idan ba ku hadu da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da suka faru ba, to, tumatir ba za su sami lokacin yin girma ba.

Cuidado

Don shuka amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar kula da shi yadda ya kamata. Dasa tumatir a cikin Fabrairu 2018 yana buƙatar ƙarin haske, kuma Maris da Afrilu za su sami isasshen haske na halitta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, akwai buƙatu masu yawa waɗanda ba tare da abin da yake da wuya a cimma cikakkiyar dawowa ba.

Watse

Bayan da aka dasa tumatir don tsire-tsire a cikin 2018, dole ne a shayar da su yadda ya kamata. Danshi mai yawa yana da haɗari kamar rashin shi.A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suna tasowa wanda ke haifar da bayyanar fungi. A wannan shekarun, tsire-tsire matasa suna da tsarin tushen rauni, don haka ƙasa dole ne ta bushe tsakanin waterings.

Dasa shuki tumatir a cikin 2018 ana aiwatar da shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Don yin wannan, ba lallai ba ne don cika kwantena da ruwa, kawai fesa da bindiga. Haka kuma a shayar da sprouts. A ranar shuka a cikin wani wuri na ci gaba da girma, ana ba da shawara ga seedlings su sha ruwa kuma a hankali cire daga cassettes.

Ruwan shayar da seedling ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance a cikin zafin jiki: ruwan sanyi yana jinkirta haɓakawa kuma yana haifar da mutuwar shuka. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin makonni 3 na farko bayan germination da kuma bayan tsoma tushen.

Da takin mai magani

Hadi yana tsayawa kafin dasa shuki

Tumatir don seedlings a cikin 2018 yana buƙatar ciyarwa. Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin iyakantaccen kayan dafa abinci na iya haifar da ƙarancin abinci. Tare da ƙarancin nitrogen, seedling yana jujjuya mahimman abubuwan microelement daga ƙananan ganye zuwa na sama, saboda abin da ganye ya fara bushewa kuma ya rushe. Plaques masu launin shuɗi suna nuna rashin phosphorus, da kuma jijiyoyi masu wrinkled – potassium.

Ciyarwar farko tana faruwa makonni 2 bayan nutsewa. A lokacin ƙarami, tushen har yanzu bai yi kyau ba kuma ba zai sha takin mai kyau ba. Kafin aikin, dole ne a shayar da ƙasa sannan a shayar da shi tare da maganin nitrophosphate. Don bushes 35, ya isa a tsoma 1 tablespoon a cikin lita na ruwa. l abubuwa.

Mataki na gaba yana faruwa kwanaki 14 bayan aikace-aikacen farko. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne a kula da bayyanar seedlings. Ana ciyar da tumatir mai tsayi tare da superphosphate, ya isa don takin samfuran lafiya tare da shirye-shiryen ‘Effekton’. Sannan ana aiwatar da tsarin aikace-aikacen kowane kwanaki 10.

Kafin dasawa zuwa wurin ciyarwa akai-akai, dakatar. A cikin bude ƙasa, ana bada shawara don girma a kan ‘ matashin kai mai gina jiki ‘, wanda zai ba da shuka duk abubuwan da ake bukata don farkon watanni na ci gaba.

Dasa shukar tumatir a cikin 2018 ya fi nasara a cikin ƙasa mai ‘koko’. Don wannan, ana haxa tokar itace da cokali na ammofoska tare da ƙasa. Waɗannan samfuran suna da isassun abubuwan da za su samar da tushe da ciyayi matasa.

Yanayin zafi

Bayan shuka tumatir, ya kamata a canza kwantena zuwa wuri mai dacewa don tsire-tsire. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki bai faɗi ƙasa da 20 ° C ba, kodayake zafi sama da 26 ° C yana da haɗari. Don haɓaka, ana ba da shawarar sanya na’urar auna kusa.

A cikin mako na farko bayan ƙyanƙyashe, al’adun ya kamata a yi sanyi, 15-16 ° C a rana da 13 ° C da dare. A hankali ma’aunin zafi yana tashi zuwa 19-20 ° C. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki a cikin duhu ya kamata ya zama 17 ° C. A lokacin nutsewa, ba ƙarya ba ne cewa ƙasa ta faɗi ƙasa 15 ° C.

Rigakafin cutar

Tumatir yana buƙatar kariya daga cututtuka a cikin bazara 2018. Ko da ƙananan yanayin zafi tare da yawan zafi zai iya haifar da kunna phytophthora. Don kare tsire-tsire, wajibi ne a tsarma sulfate jan karfe da acid boric a cikin 3 l na ruwa (kowane miyagun ƙwayoyi yana kan saman wuka). Ana fesa maganin tare da bushes sau da yawa a mako.

Maxim Dachnik fungicide za a iya amfani da shi don tsinke kayan iri kafin shuka ko shayar da ƙasa a cikin tukwane ko tukwane. Samfurin yana dadewa na dogon lokaci, don haka za a kare bushes na wata daya. A ranar shuka, ana bada shawarar shayar da maganin sinadarai a ƙarƙashin tushen.

Don samun girbi mai yawa na tumatir, kuna buƙatar sanin duk cikakkun bayanai na noma da kulawa. Dasa tsaba kawai a cikin ƙasa bai isa ba don samun cikakkiyar dawowa.