Tumatir al’adar zafi ce mai tsananin girma, wanda ci gabanta ya dogara da lura da yanayin zafi da tsarin ruwa, daidaita abubuwan da suka dace a cikin ƙasa. Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake shayar da shuka tumatir yadda ya kamata.
Poly dokokin da tumatir seedlings
Ingancin ruwa, mita da lokacin ban ruwa, kayan abinci mai gina jiki – duk wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban tsire-tsire na matasa.
Neman tumatur na ƙasa saboda tsarin tushen su. Abinci mai gina jiki shine saboda tushen tushen tsakiya, wanda, yayin da daji ke girma, yana tsayi daga 30-50 cm zuwa 2 m, da kuma tushen da yawa na gefe. yadudduka located a wani babba zurfin. Bushewar ƙasa yana hana sha da sinadirai masu gina jiki, kuma zubar ruwa yana haifar da yunwar iskar oxygen, ruɓewar tushen, da haɓaka cututtuka.
Yadda ake shayar da tsire-tsire tumatir a gida, koda kafin dasa shuki akan shafin:
- amfani da ruwan sama (narke) ko ruwan tsaye,
- zuba shi da ruwa mai dumi (20-25 ° C),
- ƙara yawan amfani da ruwa yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma (seedlings – 1 l, a lokacin flowering – 2 l, yayin samuwar ovaries – 3-5 l kowace shuka),
- yana da kyau a sha ruwa da yawa, amma da yawa fiye da sau da yawa kuma a zahiri.
- fesa danyen ƙasa ya halatta a lokacin germination na iri ko lokacin da ƙasa ta sama ta bushe yayin matsanancin zafi,
- yana hana danshi da datti shiga cikin ganyayyaki.
- mafi kyawun lokacin ruwa shine safiya.
- gandun da shuka ke tsirowa dole ne ya kasance yana da ramukan magudanar ruwa domin kada ruwan ya yi tagumi.
Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan shawarwari. A kowane mataki na noma, buƙatun ban ruwa zai bambanta.
Halayen ban ruwa
Don matakai daban-daban na noma, takamaiman tsarin ban ruwa yana da halaye.
Tsaba
Ana aiwatar da shuka iri tumatir a cikin ƙasa mara zurfi. Don adana danshi, rufe tire da gilashi ko fim.Kasar tana damun yau da kullun daga kwalban fesa, amma ba a yarda da danshi mai yawa.
Tare da zuwan harbe-harbe na abokantaka, an cire fim ɗin kuma an dakatar da shayarwa na kwanaki 2-3 don ƙarfafa tsire-tsire. Hakanan, tsarin ban ruwa yana canzawa: ana shayar da harbe sau ɗaya a mako, idan ƙasa ta bushe da sauri, to sau da yawa.
Bayan farkon ganye na gaskiya ya bayyana, buƙatar ruwa yana ƙaruwa. Tun da akwai ci gaba mai aiki na tushen tsarin, wajibi ne don tabbatar da daidaitaccen danshi na yadudduka na ƙasa. Kuna iya duba ingancin shayarwa a cikin akwati mara kyau tare da sandar katako.
Pikivka
Kwanaki 1-2 kafin nutsewa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire don ƙasa ta kasance m amma sako-sako. Kwanaki 4-5 na farko na bushes na nutsewa ba a shayar da su ba. Wajibi ne a bar tsire-tsire su sami tushe, kuma ƙasa dole ne ta kasance m isa don biyan bukatar matasa tumatir a cikin ruwa.
Sau nawa ya kamata a shayar da seedlingsan tumatir pickled? Mitar ya dogara da saurin bushewa na ƙasa (yawanci sau ɗaya a mako – kwanaki 1). Don haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen mai ƙarfi, ana bada shawarar shayarwa ta cikin kwanon rufi.
Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Shayar da tsire-tsire kamar yadda ake bukata
Kafin dasa bishiyoyin tumatir a cikin wuri na dindindin a cikin greenhouse ko a cikin gadon lambu, ana shayar da su sosai don kwanaki 3-4. Saboda haka, tushen ba ya ji rauni, canja wurin tsire-tsire tare da dunƙule na ƙasa yana ba da saurin daidaitawa. .
Ba a shayar da tsire-tsire ba har tsawon mako guda – kuna buƙatar barin su suyi tushe a sabon wuri. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa tana da ɗanɗano kamar yadda ya cancanta a ƙarƙashin tushen, a hankali yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Yawan shayarwa da yawa yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban cututtukan fungal: suna rage yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga tsawan ruwa. Kowane kwanaki 10-14 bayan shayarwa, takin tumatir.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ban ruwa
Don girma tumatir mai karfi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen masana’antu da kayan aikin agaji na farko.
Kornevin
Phytohormones da abubuwan gano abubuwa sun haɗa a cikin abun da ke ciki na Kornevin, wanda:
- taimakawa wajen samar da tsarin tushen karfi da rassa,
- yana rage damuwa da dasawa,
- yana ƙara juriya na seedlings a cikin yanayin zafi da zafi.
Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi lokacin dasawa tumatir da ruwa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Ana yin kiwo bisa ga umarnin kuma ana amfani da shi a rana guda.
Seedlings tare da ainihin ganye 2-3 ana dasa su daga tire zuwa cikin kofuna waɗanda. Ana yin haka ne don ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa ya yi kusa da tushe. Bayan ƙaddamar da ƙasa, ana shayar da seedling da ruwa, sannan tare da Kornevin. Rijiyoyin da aka kafa ba za su ƙyale ƙetare kashi ba.
Hakazalika, ana amfani da abin motsa jiki lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Yawan yawan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da illa – yana iya hana ci gaban tsire-tsire.
Ana shirya phytostimulator mai kama da Kornevin a gida. Don yin wannan, yanke rassan willow na bakin ciki a cikin yankan 20-25 cm tsayi, sanya su a kan babban farantin karfe kuma zuba ruwan zãfi. Bayan sa’o’i 48 na nacewa, an shirya miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Tun da Kornevin yana cikin abubuwan haɗari na aji III, zaku iya aiki tare da shi kawai tare da kayan kariya na sirri.
Liquid ammonia
Maganin ruwa mai ruwa na ammonia (ruwa ammonia), magani da ake samu a kowace majalisar magunguna ta gida. Babban abun ciki na nitrogen (fiye da 40% ta nauyi), kuma a cikin nau’in da ya dace da tsire-tsire don daidaitawa, yana ba da damar amfani da ammonia don taimakon gaggawa tare da ƙarancin nitrogen. Amfaninsa:
- arha,
- ba za su iya ciyar da tsire-tsire ba, wuce haddi ba zai tara ba,
- Halin alkaline na abu yana ba da lafiyar lafiyar ƙasa (yawancin acid yana hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani).
Maganin zai taimaka saturate tumatir tare da nitrogen
Ana yin ban ruwa na tsiron tumatir tare da raunin ammonia mai rauni makonni 2 bayan nutsewa. Don shirye-shiryensa, 2 tbsp. l An diluted ammonia a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ana amfani da suturar saman bayan shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushen tare da rafi mai rauni. Ana maimaita hanya bayan makonni 2.
Alamu da yawa sun ba da shaida ga rashin nitrogen:
- ƙananan ganyen ya zama rawaya kuma ya zama ƙarami.
- karan ya zama bakin ciki kuma ya karye.
- tsire-tsire suna komawa baya cikin girma.
Hakanan ana amfani da maganin ammonia don magance kwari. Don halakar da aphids, suna aiwatar da bushes. Don tsoratar da beyar, ana ƙara maganin ammonia a cikin rijiyar kafin dasa shuki daga tukwane.
Hydrogen peroxide
Cututtukan fungal suna da haɗari ga ƙwayar tumatir. Lambu sun damu da mafi kyawun shayar da tumatir tumatir don rigakafin cututtuka da magani.
Hydrogen peroxide yana da tasirin bactericidal. Ana amfani da maganin ku don:
- lalata ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari akan tsire-tsire da cikin ƙasa (saboda tasirin oxidizing),
- aeration na ƙasa (maganin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, ana fitar da iskar oxygen yayin bazuwar),
- inganta ingancin ruwan famfo (yana amsawa tare da kwayoyin halitta, magungunan kashe qwari).
An yi amfani da maganin peroxide cikin nasara don maganin tsaba. Ana sanya su a cikin bayani na 10% na minti 20. Don ƙara germination, rigakafi, gwada shayar da tsaba kafin shuka na awanni 12. Sannan a wanke su da ruwa sannan a bushe su a bushe. Jiƙa a cikin maganin peroxide na iya maye gurbin pickling na potassium permanganate.
Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don tsabtace tushen. Wankan Peroxide yana taimakawa wajen kawar da rubewa, sannan fesa yana taimakawa a makare, ana shirya maganin maganin latti kamar haka: cokali 1. l peroxide da 40 saukad da na aidin a cikin guga na ruwa. Don shayar da tumatir tumatir, 60 ml na hydrogen peroxide an narkar da a cikin 3 l na ruwa.
Wannan bayani kuma yana da amfani don kula da tsire-tsire na gida.
Itace toka
An dade ana daukar tokar itace a matsayin taki mai mahimmanci ga amfanin gonakin lambu.
Ya ƙunshi babban adadin potassium, alli, da phosphorus. Sai kawai samfurin ƙonawa na sharar kwayoyin halitta ana amfani dashi.
Taki tare da toka yana ba da damar tumatir:
- gina kore taro,
- don magance cututtukan fungal,
- don samar da ovaries a kan lokaci.
Ana amfani da ash a cikin foda da ruwa a matsayin sutura. Watsawa ash yana taimakawa yaki da slugs kuma a farkon alamar baƙar fata (lalacewar tumatir na kowa). Maganin Ash da aka shirya daga 1 tsp. Ana amfani da taki da lita 1 na ruwa da balagagge a rana don suturar iri. Bayan jiƙa a cikin wannan bayani na 5-6 hours, sun fi girma girma.
Shawara
- Domin tumatir da aka dasa su sami tushe mafi kyau, bushes suna da ƙarfi, suna buƙatar zubar da toka. Za a iya ƙara busassun ash a lokacin shirye-shiryen rami.
- Cika ƙasa da taki zai sa tsire-tsire su kasa samun damar potassium da phosphorus.
- Babban madadin maganin fungicides don kula da cututtukan marigayi shine maganin tumatir tare da kefir, madara (mafifi tare da aidin), man shanu.
ƙarshe
Kulawar da ta dace shine mabuɗin amfanin gonar tumatir mai kyau. Shuka lafiya da ci gaban dogara a kan dace da high quality watering na tumatir seedlings.
