Ta yaya kuma yadda ake bi da rot na launin ruwan kasa akan tumatir –

Tumatir na ɗaya daga cikin ƙauna da shaharar al’adu tsakanin mazauna rani da masu lambu a sararin bayan Tarayyar Soviet. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kashi uku na jimillar girbin kayan lambu na zuwa ne daga tumatir. Ga kowane tsiri, an zaɓi iri-iri wanda zai iya jure yanayin yanayin yanayi. Amma a lokacin noman kayan lambu, mai shuka kayan lambu yana fuskantar matsaloli da cututtuka iri-iri, wanda daya daga cikinsu shi ne ɓarkewar tumatir.

Jiyya na rot a cikin tumatir

Duk cututtukan da ke shafar tsire-tsire suna da kamuwa da cuta ko parasitic a yanayi. Ana haifar da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri (ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi). Mai shuka kayan lambu yana buƙatar sanin duk bayanan game da cutar don gane shi kuma ya fara magani mai mahimmanci, sai kawai ba zai yada zuwa wasu bishiyoyin tumatir ba.

Bayanan asali game da cutar

Wasu masu samar da kayan lambu sun fuskanci halin da ake ciki: da farko, ‘ya’yan itace suna girma kuma suna samun nauyi akai-akai, sa’an nan kuma a kusa da diddige diddige ya bayyana, wanda a cikin ‘yan kwanaki ya karu a Girma. Wannan shine babban alamar cewa shuka yana shafar cututtukan fungal. Brown rot cuta ce da ke lalata amfanin gona da sauri kuma ta yadu zuwa wasu tsire-tsire, don haka kuna buƙatar sanin manyan abubuwan:

1. Tumatir phomosis yana bayyana a matsayin ƙaramin tabo a gindin tumatir.
2. Mataki na gaba shine yada rot daga tushe a kowane bangare na tumatir.
3. gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare: ya zama tuberous, kamar yadda pycnidia ya bayyana, nama a wuraren da aka samu yana da sauƙin danna a tsakiya.
4. Ko da yake diamita na tabo bayyana ba iri daya da kuma manyan (matsakaicin 3 cm), dukan ciki h na lokaci ‘ya’yan itace gaba daya deteriorates da rot.
5. Raunin launin ruwan kasa yana iya kaiwa ga matasa (har yanzu kore) da kuma tumatir mafi girma, duk da cewa kore ba cikakke ba ne, tun kafin matakin balaga na fasaha. Idan maganin bai yi tasiri ba kuma phomosis ya lalata tayin, kara ya karye kuma kawai ya fadi.
6. Maganin haddasawa yana shiga cikin daji ta hanyar ƙananan lalacewa.
7. Mafi kyawun yanayi don ci gaban cutar shine ‘Brown rot’: babban zafi da ƙasa mai yawa tare da yanayin inorganic.
8. Babban tushen kamuwa da cuta shine tsaba da aka rigaya, al’amuran yanayi: iska ko ruwan sama.

Tumatir phomosis yana da wuyar tsayawa. Idan daji ya kamu da wannan naman gwari, ba zai yiwu a cece shi ba.

A karkashin waɗannan yanayi, mai lambu zai cire tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya. Wannan cuta kuma tana shafar tubers dankalin turawa, don haka kuna buƙatar bambance daidai tsakanin yankin dasa shuki kuma a cikin kowane yanayi tsiron a wurin da dankali ke girma.

Hanyoyin sarrafa cutar

Tun da kwayar cutar ta fungal a cikin yanayi, dole ne a dakatar da yaduwar cutar, saboda zai iya rinjayar ba kawai tumatir ba, har ma da sauran kayan lambu.

Wajibi ne a lalata toho

da wuri-wuri Manoman kayan lambu na Sioniya suna amfani da kayan aikin musamman waɗanda zasu iya lalata ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa yadda ya kamata. Kyakkyawan bayani shine idan mai lambu ya ɗauki matakan rigakafi a gaba, ba zai iya kula da tsire-tsire ba, saboda naman gwari ba zai shafi amfanin gona ba.

Tratamiento

Hakanan ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don dalilai na magani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke lalata hankalin cutar. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, mai shuka zai ɗauki matakai masu tsauri: cirewar shuka gaba ɗaya. Dukkanin tsari ya ƙunshi:

1. Jiyya kai tsaye: jiyya na daji tare da ‘ya’yan itace matasa tare da kwayoyi ( cakuda Bordeaux ) ko magani akan jan karfe chloroxide, ana kuma kiran shi HOM.
2. Idan launin ruwan kasa ya fara bayyana a lokacin girma, ya kamata ku bincika tsire-tsire nan da nan, tattara da cire duk ɓatattun ‘ya’yan itace don kada kamuwa da cuta ya yadu.

Bayan an kawar da shukar mai cutar daga wurin, dole ne nan da nan ya ƙone ganye masu cutar, mai tushe har ma da ‘ya’yan itatuwa c. Ta wannan hanyar, za a lalata hankalin cutar gaba ɗaya.

Matakan kariya

1. Idan ana shuka tumatir a waje, dole ne a fara lalata ƙasa. Idan ana aiwatar da shuka a cikin greenhouse, ana ƙara kula da ginshiƙan greenhouse, saboda suma suna haɗuwa da masu yadawa kuma suna iya kamuwa da cuta.
2. Kafin shuka, ana kuma sarrafa tsaba: an jiƙa su a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate. Don yin wannan, ɗauki ƙaramin adadin ruwan dumi da ashana. Shugaban phosphor yana danshi a cikin ruwa, a tsoma shi a cikin lu’ulu’u na potassium permanganate, sa’an nan kuma ƙara zuwa ruwa, samun ruwan hoda mai haske. Kuna iya barin tsaba a ciki don kwanaki da yawa don yin ado.
3. A cikin greenhouse (greenhouse), wajibi ne don kula da yanayi na yau da kullum da zafi, idan ya wuce kima, zai haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban kwayoyin cutarwa.
4. Dole ne a ciyar da tumatir da nitrogen da takin gargajiya. Kada ku yi amfani da takin mai magani, saboda wannan zai taimaka wajen ci gaban microflora na fungal. Zai bi duk buƙatun aikin gona a kowane mataki na ci gaban shuka tun daga lokacin shuka iri zuwa girbi na ƙarshe.

   Kwararru sun yi gargadin cewa rashin bin ka’idodin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa tumatir na kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari daban-daban, sun yanke shawarar ganin matsalar tana da matukar wahala.