Tumatir alurar riga kafi zai iya kare bushes daga cututtuka da kuma kara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bari mu yi la’akari da yadda za a gudanar da irin wannan hanya daidai.
Tumatir graft
Amfanin rigakafin tumatir
Alurar rigakafin tumatir (kwafi) yana ƙara samun shahara. Wannan hanya ita ce cikakke ga masu lambu tare da karamin lambun, inda babu hanyar da za a dasa babban adadin shrubs. Tumatir za a iya grafted ba kawai iri-iri da iri-iri, amma kuma ta hanyar hada daban-daban iri nightshade.
Kwafi ba kawai yana taimakawa wajen magance matsalar yankin ba, har ma yana amfani da bushes. Ana amfani da shi don dalilai da yawa:
- Don inganta tushen tsarin. Seedling mai tushe biyu yana karɓar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki, kuma fruiting yana faruwa a baya.
- Don hana cuta.
- Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, za ka iya girma mafi muhimmanci da matasan iri a kasa dace su.
- Don ƙara juriya ga canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki, adadin ban ruwa da yanayin ƙasa.
Wannan hanya kuma ta dace da wuraren noman kayan lambu na arewa. al’adu Mummunan yanayi da canjin yanayin zafi suna hana ku samun babban girbi daga daji, don haka kwafin kayan lambu yana ba ku damar tattara matsakaicin girbi daga daji.
Lokacin yin rigakafin tumatir
Kuna iya shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris. Bayan makonni 2-3, ya kamata a nutsar da tsire-tsire: dasa tsire-tsire 2 a cikin tukwane ko kofuna waɗanda aka ware a nesa na 1-1.5 cm. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai 25 cm kuma kauri daga cikin akwati shine 4 mm, zaku iya fara grafting. Wannan yana faruwa ne kimanin wata guda kafin shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa. Ana ganin kwanan watan a kalandar mai lambu.
Tushen seedlings ya kamata a zagaye. Idan an yi shi daga baya, sai kara ya yi laushi kuma dasa ba zai daidaita ba.
Yana da kyau a haɗa cikin yanayin girgije. Idan rana ce a titi, da dare.
Hanyoyin grafting tumatir
Lokacin grafting, kowane kara yana da nasa suna. Wani tsire-tsire mai rauni wanda aka dasa a kan wani ana kiransa broth. Itace mafi ƙarfi ana kiranta scion. Ana kiran tsarin da ‘alwala’.
Ana shuka tumatir ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- ‘kusa da harshe’,
- kusa-kusa a jere daya akan gado.
A cikin yankunan kudancin, ana amfani da hanyar tono. Ta wannan hanyar, ana tono tushen ‘kwance’ tare da ƙasa, sakamakon haka sabbin saiwoyi suka bayyana akan shukar. Hanyar tonowar ba ta dace da latitudes na arewa ba saboda samuwar sabbin tushen – amfanin gona na iya zama ba cikakke ba.
Ba wai kawai dasa tumatir iri-iri ɗaya bane. Kuna iya zubar da tsire-tsire masu launuka daban-daban: sannan za a sami ‘ya’yan itace ja da rawaya a daji guda.
Zubar da harshe
Ablation zai ƙara yawan aiki
Kuna buƙatar reza, barasa ko wasu abubuwan kashe kwayoyin cuta, almakashi, da tef ɗin lantarki (zare mai ƙarfi, zane). Dole ne a shafe hannayen hannu kafin aiki.
Ana amfani da wannan fasaha lokacin da aka kafa ganye 3-4 akan seedlings. Bari mu yi nazari dalla-dalla yadda ake shuka tumatir daidai:
- Sama da ganyen cotyledon, ana amfani da kaifi mai kaifi don yanke wani yanki na tushe mai faɗi 1,5 cm kuma tsayi.
- An yanke yanke a matakin iri ɗaya na tsire-tsire biyu.
- A kan tushen tushen, yi yanke daga sama zuwa kasa, kuma a kan graft, akasin haka, daga kasa zuwa sama.
- Bayan cire fata, yi partitions ko shafuka tare da zurfin 6-7 mm.
- Harsuna ana shigar da juna a gyara su.
Ana gudanar da su don kada su tsunkule mai tushe. Don gyare-gyare, tef ɗin lantarki, sassan kayan abu sun dace. Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da polyethylene: baya barin iska ta shiga kuma tushen ya samo asali a wurin.
Bayan kwafi, tsire-tsire suna ɓoye a cikin inuwa. Kuna iya sanya buhunan filastik akan tukwane na tsawon kwanaki 2 don ƙara zafi. Girman kara yana faruwa a cikin makonni 2. Bayan haka, an cire kayan gyarawa. A kan tushen tushen, an gyara kambin kai sama da dasa.
An sanya kambi da aka gyara a cikin ruwa. Bayan rooting, an dasa shi azaman tsire-tsire na yau da kullun. Kambi ba shi da lokaci don shimfiɗawa, don haka seedlings suna fitowa da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
A lokacin grafting, ana bada shawara don fesa ruwa daga sprinkler. Wannan yana inganta rayuwa kuma yana ƙara zafi.
Idan kun shuka iri daya bayan daya a cikin tukunya, ba za ku iya tattara su ba. Don splicing, kowane tukwane tare da seedlings ana danna tare, yanke kuma gyarawa. Kuna buƙatar ɗaure tare da zaren, juyawa sama da ƙasa ya kamata su kasance sama da ƙasa da sassan da aka haɗa. Bayan haka, ana cire seedlings a cikin inuwa. Bayan kwanaki 2, an dawo da tsire-tsire zuwa rana, an cire kashi uku na ganye daga broth, kuma an yanke kambi. Bayan makonni 2, an cire tushen tushen gaba daya.
A sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyuka, ana samun seedling tare da tushen guda biyu, wanda ke ba ku damar samun karin amfanin gona na tumatir.
Rufewa a jere akan gado
Hanya ta biyu don kwafi tumatir ita ce taru a jere a cikin lambun. Da wannan hanya, stepchildren na makwabta shuke-shuke suna spliced. Don yin wannan, ana ɗaukar ƴan uwa a ƙarƙashin goga na farko. Tushen da kara ‘harsuna’ suna haɗe akan kara.
Don kayan lambu wanda ya girma a kan tushe ɗaya, cire kambi daga ‘ya’yan uwa 2. Idan an shirya don girma a kan 2 mai tushe, toshe kambi daga tushen tushen.
Kula da grafted seedlings
Ana samun ‘ya’yan itace masu aiki da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba kawai ta hanyar alwala ba, har ma ta hanyar kula da tsire-tsire masu kyau. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna haɓaka da sauri saboda tsarin tushen duplicated, don haka kulawa ya kamata ya dace:
- Lokacin da ƴaƴan uwa suka haɗu, ana cire ganyen. Wannan yana ba ku damar inganta samun iska na shafukan tumatir.
- Ana barin ganye da yawa a hannun jari don inganta ‘ya’yan itace.
- Ana cire harbe-harbe a cikin axils na ganye.
- Tsire-tsire da suka kai 170-180 gani, tsunkule.
Ana shayar da ‘ya’yan itacen spliced tare da ruwan sama mai dumi a ƙarƙashin tushen kuma ba a fesa shi da ruwa ba. Don sakamako mafi kyau, sauke kwalabe na filastik tare da yanke ƙasa kusa da daji.
Kafin samarwa, ana shigar da tudu don ɗaure ƴan uwa. An ɗaure su a wurare 2: ƙasa da sama da wurin yin rigakafin. Don ɗaurin, kuna buƙatar ɗaure kowane tushe. A lokacin girma girma, tushen mating yana kwance don kada a yanke shi a kan shuka.
Idan ana shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouse, ana yada shi lokaci-lokaci. Kada ka bari danshi ya taru akan bango.
ƙarshe
Tumatir da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi ya fi jure kamuwa da cututtuka, har ma za ka iya shuka amfanin gona na wasu kayan lambu: dankali, barkono barkono, ko eggplant.
Ana yin copulation tare da tumatir, wanda aka girma duka a cikin tukwane da gadaje.
