Tumatir kayan lambu ne, ba tare da wanda yana da wahala a yi tunanin dafa abinci na zamani ba. A lokacin rani da kaka ana amfani da shi a cikin sabon nau’i, a cikin hunturu – salads gwangwani, pickles, sauces, ketchups, juices duk shekara. Tumatir suna da daraja don amfanin kaddarorinsu da dandano. Tumatir Mikado – daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’ikan da ke da kyawawan kaddarorin masu amfani kuma ya tabbatar da kansa a yankuna da yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
Halayen tumatir Mikado
Sunan mai ban sha’awa na iri-iri yana da asalin Jafananci, a zahiri an fassara shi azaman ‘ƙofa mai tsayi’. A cikin al’adar Jafananci, ana kiran sarki kamar haka. An yi imanin cewa nau’in ya sami sunansa a cikin siffar tumatir wanda yayi kama da kambi na sarauta.
Halayen nau’ikan
Tumatir Mikado, kamar yadda masana’antun suka bayyana, yana nufin nau’ikan da ba su da iyaka (tare da girma mara iyaka). Waɗannan su ne tumatir na tsakiyar kakar, daga dasa shuki zuwa ripening na farkon girbi, kwanaki 110-115 sun wuce. Iri-iri ba matasan ba ne.
A zahiri, akwai nau’ikan tumatir Mikado da yawa waɗanda ke da sunan gama gari, amma sun bambanta da halayen ‘ya’yan itace, kwanakin ripening, tsayin shuka:
- Pink Mikado,
- Mikado rojo,
- Yellow Mikado,
- Golden Mikado,
- Mikado baki,
- Mikado Sibiriko.
Masana sun ce kawai Mikado Pink (2015) yana cikin rajistar Jiha na Tarayyar Rasha. Ba a san asalin sauran Mikado ba.
Ana ba da shawarar iri-iri don girma a cikin greenhouses na fim. Amma tumatir Mikado, bisa ga sake dubawa, yana nuna kyakkyawan sakamako lokacin da aka girma a cikin fili, musamman ja Mikado.
Bayanin daji
Dajin tumatir Mikado ya kai tsayin 1.5-2,5 m. Banda shi ne ja Mikado – a cikin bude ƙasa, bushes suna da tsayi 80-100 cm. Dogayen tsire-tsire suna buƙatar tallafi da ɗaure. Masu shuka kayan lambu suna samar da shi zuwa mai tushe 1-2. Ana sanya goga na farko akan zanen gado 9. Sannan ana kafa shi kowane ganye 2-3.
Wajibi ne a tsunkule shuka a lokacin noma don guje wa girma da kuma samun girbi mai kyau.Ta hanyar kafa daji a kan mai tushe guda biyu, an bar stepson daya a gaban goshin furen farko, kuma an cire duk sauran. Pasynkovka yana faruwa kusan sau ɗaya a mako.
Ganyayyaki na wakilan wannan nau’in suna da siffar sifa da launin kore mai duhu, wanda ya sa su yi kama da dankali.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
‘Ya’yan itãcen silsilar Mikado babba ne, mai zagaye, baƙaƙe, ɗan ribbed. Banda shi ne berries na Siberiya – suna da siffar zuciya. Nauyin ya kai 250-350 gr. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, samuwar daji, manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu nauyi har zuwa 600-800 gr. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, rashin ruwa mara kyau, kayan lambu na iya fashe.
Tumatir Mikado salati ne, ana yaba su saboda dandano.
Launin tumatir na jerin Mikado ya bambanta, bayanin da ke ƙunshe da sunan iri-iri (‘ya’yan itatuwan Sibiriko ja ne). Itacen itace yana da ɗanɗano, na roba, mai daɗi. Launin rawaya da lemu na tayin yana nuna kasancewar adadin beta-carotene mai yawa. Yawan aiki na iri-iri shine matsakaici, 6-8 kg. daga daji Masu shuka iri suna tallata yawan amfanin gonar Pink Mikado da Sibiriko.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da daraja don jin daɗi
Tun da yake nau’in yana da girma-ya’yan itace, galibi suna cinye tumatur sabo ne don shirya salads, appetizers, juices, da kuma shirya miya.
Abubuwan Kulawa
Ana samar da noman tumatir Mikado ta hanyar tsiro. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ci gaban tsire-tsire shine 20-25 gr. A ƙananan zafin jiki (kasa da 15 ° C) girma na harbe yana tsayawa, a yanayin zafi (fiye da 35 gr.), Ovary ba ya samuwa.
Shuka tsaba
Shuka tsaba don tsiro don samar da kwanaki 60-65 kafin shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya tsaba na musamman don dasa shuki. Idan an adana su a wuri mai sanyi, yana da kyau a yi zafi da su.
Ana sarrafa tsaba kafin shuka. Da farko, an jiƙa su a cikin jakar lilin a cikin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate na minti 15-20 (ba za a iya wuce gona da iri ba, don kada ya ƙone). Sannan zaku iya jiƙa na tsawon sa’o’i 5 a cikin maganin ash na itace (don shirye-shiryensa, ana zuba cokali 1 na ash tare da lita 1 na ruwan dumi kuma nace kwana ɗaya). Wannan magani ba wai kawai yana hana cututtuka da yawa ba, amma har ma yana cike da tsaba tare da microelements, samar da kyakkyawan germination da girma mai karfi.
Don shuka tsiro, yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa da aka saya a kantuna na musamman ko shirya su da kanku. A lokaci guda, ana la’akari da cewa ƙasa mai haske ta dace da tumatir (peat, humus, mullein, yashi ko sawdust za a iya haɗa su a cikin abun da ke ciki). Shuka tsaba a cikin tire, kaset na musamman, samar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
Seedling kula
Don germination na tsaba da ci gaban matasa tsire-tsire, ana buƙatar hasken rana, zazzabi da kuma lokacin shayarwa. Bayyanar harbe na farko yana faruwa kwanaki 3-5 bayan shuka.
Lokacin da ganye na gaskiya biyu suka haɓaka, nutsewa ya zama dole don ingantattun tsire-tsire. Ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa da masu ƙarfi a cikin kofuna daban-daban, ana ɗora tushen tsakiya don samar da tushen gefe da ƙarfafa tsarin tushen.
Saukowa a ƙasa
Mako daya kafin dasawa, ana ba da shawarar lambu don bi da ƙasa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux. Suna kuma ba da shawarar ƙarfafawa: fitar da ɗan lokaci a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi ko shakar da rijiyar da ke akwai. Seedlings suna shirye don dasa idan an kafa leaflets na gaskiya 7-8.
Ya kamata a bi da rijiyoyi tare da maganin potassium permanganate
Zaɓuɓɓukan jeri na iya zama daban-daban:
- dasa bisa ga makirci 50 × 50 cm. (2-3 tsire-tsire a kowace murabba’in mita), don tabbatar da samun iska kuma kada ku rasa amfanin gona saboda kauri,
- Idan tumatir suna girma a kan tushe, za ku iya rage nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire zuwa 18-20 cm, kuma ku sanya jeri na 100-120 cm fadi.
Kafin saukowa APIS yana zubar da wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate. A cikin ƙaramin shuka, ana cire ƙananan ganye da yawa, barin kawai 3-4 da kyau. Har ila yau, an binne wani ɓangare na tushen a cikin ƙasa, yana barin ganye kawai a saman.
Domin ƙulla shuke-shuke a kan lokaci, wajibi ne a yi amfani da goyon bayan T-dimbin yawa a kan gadaje, tsakanin abin da aka ja da waya, ko goyon bayan mutum (posts) ga kowane daji.
Ban ruwa da hadi
Yana da kyau a shayar da tumatir da dare, hana ruwa daga shiga cikin tushe da ganye.
Yawan shayarwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi: 1-2 sau a mako. A lokacin girma da kafa ‘ya’yan itace, shayarwa ya kamata ya zama mai yawa, kuma lokacin da amfanin gona ya girma, ya kamata ya zama kadan don kauce wa fashewa da kuma adana dandano na tumatir.
Tumatir suna buƙatar ƙasa takin ƙasa, don haka hadi tare da takin gargajiya da ma’adinai ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullun. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da takin zamani sau 3-4 a kowace kakar. Lokaci na farko: kwanaki 10-12 bayan dasa shuki. Bugu da ƙari, ana bada shawara a maimaita kafin fure, tare da bayyanar ovary da kuma lokacin zubar da ‘ya’yan itace.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfuran halitta waɗanda aka shirya da kanku:
- fermented nettle jiko (1 nettle cube a cikin 3 ruwa buckets),
- Maganin mullein (guga 1 na taki a cikin buckets na ruwa 4 ana haɗe shi na kwanaki da yawa har sai an cire mafi yawan urea),
- jiko na yashi ga kaji (dauki yashi da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 120, Mix da kuma barin a cikin bude iska na kwanaki 10).
Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara superphosphate, urea, ash. A cikin yanayi mai zafi sosai, don tayar da samuwar ovaries, ana kula da bushes tare da boric acid tare da bindiga mai feshi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bisa bayanin hukuma, tumatir Mikado yana jure wa yawancin cututtuka. Sau da yawa cutar ta latti tana shafar shi. Wannan kamuwa da cuta na fungal yawanci yana bayyana kansa a cikin sanyi, yanayin datti, kuma ana saurin yaduwa daga shuka zuwa shuka. Tun da marigayi blight yana rinjayar ba kawai kayan lambu ba, har ma da ‘ya’yan itatuwa, cutar ta rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana aiwatar da matakan rigakafin cututtuka a duk lokacin girma.
Don hana cutar da wuri, ya kamata ku:
- dasa tumatir a wuri mai faɗi, inda aka rage raɓa mai sanyi.
- tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau na gadaje,
- saƙa a cikin lokaci kuma kwance hanyoyin,
- ruwa karkashin tushen.
Halin inuwar dare ya ce, don dalilai na rigakafi, ana kula da shukar tumatir tare da ruwa na Bordeaux a matakin seedling. Don magance cutar a cikin marigayi, an samar da fungicides da yawa. Amma masu lambu suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan jama’a waɗanda ba su da lahani ga mutane: jiko na tafarnuwa (200 g na murƙushe cloves da lita na ruwa, infuse na kwanaki 2-3), decoction na peels albasa. Ana amfani da bayani na potassium permanganate, mafita tare da ƙari na kore mai haske ko aidin.
ƙarshe
Bayani da sake dubawa na Tumatir Mikado galibi suna da sha’awa. Mazauna rani da masu lambu suna lura cewa tumatir suna da ɗanɗano sosai. Suna ba da shawarar shuka nau’ikan layin daban-daban, amma la’akari da rosé na Mikado ya zama mafi riba (tumatir rosy gabaɗaya ya fi girma a kasuwa).
