Cucumbers shine amfanin gona na thermophilic. Saboda haka, ana yawan girma a cikin gida. Wadanda suka fara yanke shawarar shuka cucumbers ta wannan hanyar suna mamakin lokacin da za a shuka kokwamba seedlings don greenhouse kuma menene halayen noman sa.
Greenhouse kokwamba seedlings
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka
Cucumbers na ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu buƙatar dasa shuki da lokacin saukowa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda abubuwa kamar haka:
- tsaba suna girma a zazzabi da ba ƙasa da 20 ° C ba,
- tsire-tsire suna girma lokacin da ƙasa tana da zafin jiki sama da 15 ° C,
- Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa shine kwanaki 20-25 bayan germination.
Ana ba da shawarar dasa cucumbers don seedlings na greenhouse daga tsakiyar Afrilu – wannan shine lokaci mafi kyau don shuka.
A tsakiyar layi, ƙasa a cikin greenhouse yana dumama har zuwa 15 ° C a farkon da tsakiyar watan Mayu, wannan shine lokacin da yanayin ya daidaita da sanyin dare ko kuma yanayin zafi kwatsam ba zai yiwu ba. A wannan lokacin, zai yiwu a shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da ƙarancin damuwa a gare su. Hakanan a tsakiyar watan Mayu, zaku iya dasa cucumbers don seedlings kai tsaye a cikin greenhouse. Amma tabbatar da zafin jiki na ƙasa ya isa don germination na tsaba.
Kuma yakamata ku kasance masu jagoranci da halayen yanayin yankin ku.
Kwanaki masu kyau a cikin kalandar shuka
Yawancin lambu suna amfani da kalandar shuka. Yana nuna kwanakin da suka dace don shuka. Sun dogara ne akan matakan wata.
A cikin 2018, bisa ga kalandar shuka da kuma matakan wata, ya kamata a shuka cucumbers don seedlings don greenhouse.
- a cikin Maris tsakanin 17th da 29th. Musamman m kwanaki: 19.24, 27, 28 Maris.
- A cikin Afrilu, tsakanin 16th da 28th. Kwanaki masu kyau: Afrilu 5,6,7,8,9, Afrilu 20,21,22,23,24.
- A watan Mayu tsakanin 15th da 27th. Musamman m kwanaki ne May 4,5,6,7,8,9.
Ba sa ba da shawarar shuka iri da dasa shuki a cikin cikakken lokaci na wata.
Amma gaba ɗaya dogara ga kalandar Lunar ba shi da daraja. A cikin duniyar zamani, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don ƙayyade lokacin saukowa za ta kasance hasashen tafiye-tafiye.
Menene hadarin dasa shuki da wuri?
Tabbas, yawancin lambu suna son samun girbi na farko da sauri. Da farko shuka cucumbers don seedlings ga greenhouse sau da yawa yana da mummunan sakamako.
Seedlings a gida ba zai rasa haske na halitta. Wanda take kaiwa zuwa mikewa da shuka, da thinning na mai tushe. Bushes sun yi rauni kuma suna da rauni. Girman tsire-tsire yana raguwa saboda raguwa a cikin tsarin photosynthesis da samar da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki. A sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire masu rauni ba za su iya ba da girbi mai kyau ba.
Ko kuma akasin haka, yanayi masu kyau da saurin haɓakawa da haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da farkon fure, girma da tsufa na bushes tare da jinkirta dasa shuki. Kuma a sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire ba sa jure wa dasawa kuma sau da yawa suna mutuwa. Ko rauni bushes girma, sauƙi shafi cututtuka da kwari. Wanda kuma baya bada damar samun dawowar da ake sa ran.
Wannan amfanin gona yana da matukar damuwa ga kuskure da kwanakin dasa shuki da wuri.
Banda mulkin zai kasance kawai noman cucumbers a cikin greenhouses tare da dumama da haske na musamman don samarwa na shekara-shekara.
Seedling namo
An shirya seedlings a cikin wata guda
Bayan zaɓar ranar shuka a cikin greenhouse kwanaki 25-30 kafin, kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba.
Matakan girma:
- zabin iri-iri,
- shiri na kasa,
- zaɓin kwantena don noma,
- sarrafa iri da shuka,
- kulawa da sutura.
Zaɓin iri-iri
Madaidaicin zaɓi na iri don greenhouse yana da mahimmanci. Parthenocarpic (mai-pollinated) iri-iri tare da ƙimar girma mara iyaka sun dace da irin wannan amfanin gona na kokwamba. Daban-daban na kowane lokacin girma ya dace. Amma don girbi na farko, yana da daraja zaɓar nau’in farko, lokacin girma wanda shine kwanaki 40-45. Muhimmiyar halayyar za ta kasance juriya ga cututtuka irin su marigayi blight, antariosis, powdery mildew, fusarium.
Daga cikin wadannan nau’ikan sune mafi kyau:
- Jamus F1
- Zozulya F1
- Karfin hali F1
- Manomin China F1
- Farashin F1
- Bettina F1
- Farashin F1
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Dukansu da aka saya da kuma shirya cakuda ƙasa sun dace da shuka iri. Don cucumbers, kuna buƙatar zaɓar cakuda duniya ko na musamman don kayan lambu. Dukansu nau’ikan a cikin abun da ke ciki zasu zama manufa don girma seedlings lafiya. An wadatar da su tare da abubuwan ganowa kuma suna da kyau tare da agroperlite. Ba sa buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa ko taki. Waɗannan gaurayawan suna shirye don amfani.
Amma shirya cakuda kayan abinci da kanka shima zaɓi ne mai kyau don yin wannan, haɗa:
- turba 2 kg,
- humus (takin) 2 kg,
- ruɓaɓɓen sawdust 1 kg,
- ash ½ kofin,
- ½ teaspoon urea,
- ½ teaspoon na superphosphate,
- potassium sulfate ½ teaspoon lita
Wannan ƙasa tana buƙatar kashewa. Ana iya yin wannan a cikin tanda a zafin jiki na 90 na minti 30, ko kuma a zubar da ruwan zãfi. Kuma yakan yi amfani da potassium permanganate don wannan dalili. Ana shirya maganin kodan ruwan hoda kuma ƙasa ta zube.
Zaɓi akwati
A cikin jira na cucumbers
Don shuka seedlings na cucumbers don greenhouse, an zaɓi kwantena guda ɗaya, yana iya zama kofuna na filastik, tukwane peat ko allunan peat.
Kofuna na filastik dole ne su kasance aƙalla 0,5 l. Zuba ruwan zãfi a kansu. Sannan a huda ramukan magudanar ruwa a kasa tare da awl domin yawan danshi ya fito lokacin shayarwa. Ganuwar da kasan irin waɗannan tabarau za a iya shimfiɗa su tare da jarida. Lokacin dasa shuki, wannan zai sauƙaƙe samun shuka ba tare da lalata dunƙulen ƙasa ba. Wanda zai rage damuwa yayin dasawa.
Kuna iya amfani da peat tukwane. Ya dace da shuka iri tare da ƙarar akalla 300 ml. Irin waɗannan tukwane suna cike da ƙasa. Kuma idan lokacin shuka ya yi, ana shuka bushes a cikin ƙasa tare da tukunya, wanda zai iya narkewa cikin sauƙi cikin ɗan lokaci.
Masana aikin lambu na zamani sun bambanta hanyar da ta dace don dasa tsaba a cikin allunan peat. Ba za a sami buƙatar cakuda ƙasa ba, ba za a sami ƙarin sarrafawa da lalata kwantena ba. Don cucumbers, an zaɓi allunan girman girman 3 cm. Ya kamata a jefa su da kyau tare da ruwa, za su kara girma kuma su kumbura kuma suna shirye su shuka iri. Tare da kwayoyi, an dasa bushes a cikin ƙasa, tushen sauƙin shiga cikin husk na peat.
Sarrafa da shuka iri
Idan an sarrafa irin nau’in da ba ku sarrafa ba, ya kamata a bi da su tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kafin shuka, da kuma abubuwan motsa jiki.
Potassium permanganate ko ammonia za a iya amfani da shi don kawar da cututtuka. Shirya bayani mai rauni 0,1% kuma jiƙa a ciki na minti 30. tsaba Don tada germination, ana bi da tsaba tare da maganin Epin bisa ga umarnin.
Idan masana’anta ke sarrafa iri, to irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba lallai bane.
Ana shuka iri ɗaya a cikin kowane akwati ɗaya. Yana da zurfin 1,5 cm a cikin ƙasa. Na farko seedlings bayyana bayan kwanaki 5.
Kulawa da ciyarwa
Yana da sauqi don kula da kokwamba seedlings. Cucumbers baya bukatar a debo kamar tumatir. Kuma kulawa ya zo zuwa ga shayarwa na lokaci da kuma yin ado da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Ana yin ban ruwa yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. Kuma babban miya a matakin seedling zai isa ya aiwatar da sau ɗaya bayan kwanaki 14 bayan cucumbers sun tashi. Sa’an nan kuma bushes za su yi tsayayya da duk wani mummunan tasiri.
Kuna iya amfani da ma’adinai na musamman ko takin gargajiya don amfanin gona na kabewa.
Shuka
Lokacin da tsire-tsire na kokwamba don greenhouse ya kai shekaru 20-25, yana shirye ya sauka a wuri na dindindin. Bai kamata a jinkirta wannan ba. Daga baya, yana da tushe sosai kuma ya daina girma.
Amma kuna buƙatar tuna cewa ana iya dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse ba kafin ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 15-16.
Idan seedlings sun riga sun shirya don dasa shuki, kuma har yanzu yana da sanyi a cikin greenhouse, suna amfani da hanyar dumama gadaje tare da taki. Don yin wannan, ana amfani da takin doki, an rufe shi tsakanin layuka zuwa zurfin 30 cm. Domin murabba’in mita ɗaya. 3 kg na taki ya isa. An rufe taki da datti daga sama. Bayan kwanaki 3-4, zaku iya dasa tsire-tsire matasa. Hakanan an rufe su da agrofiber har sai yanayin ya daidaita.
ƙarshe
Yana da wuya a ƙayyade daidai lokacin da za a dasa cucumbers a cikin seedlings don greenhouse, tun lokacin da yanayi yake a tsakiyar layi Rasha sau da yawa m, kuma ba duk marẽmari ne daidai farkon da dumi. Babu shakka bai cancanci shuka iri kafin Afrilu ba. Sau da yawa, hatta shuke-shuken da aka shuka bayan makonni biyu ana kawo su zuwa zamani kuma suna lalata waɗanda suka girma a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da shawarar.
