Cutar sankarau a cikin kaji na ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani. Cutar tana shafar tsuntsaye masu shekaru daban-daban. Babban alamar cutar shine tari. Cutar sankara mai kamuwa da cuta a cikin kaji yana tare da lalacewa ga gabobin ciki, wanda ke shafar adadin samar da kwai.
Chicken kamuwa da cutar mashako
Definition
Cutar cututtuka na bronchi t a cikin kaji – cuta mai cutar da cutar da ke da lalacewa ga tsarin numfashi da tsarin haihuwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin samar da kwai ko cikakken asarar iyawar haifuwa, kuma yana tare da tasha ciwo.
Abun da ake shukawa daga kajin masu kamuwa da cuta An haramta amfani da shi don haɓaka dabbobi. Idan tsuntsaye sun kamu da cutar a farkon balaga, yawan aiki ya ragu a duk tsawon rayuwar rayuwa, tare da kamuwa da cuta a tsakiya da kuma ƙarshen lokacin kwai, ana samun raguwa sosai a yawan kayan da ake samarwa. Kimanin kashi 30% na kajin da suka tsira daga cutar an ƙi su ne saboda cututtukan ci gaba.
Cutar sankarau na iya haifar da raguwar samar da kwai
A yau, masana kimiyya sun yi nazari tare da bayyana nau’ikan nau’ikan cutar sankara 30 a cikin kaji. Yana ci gaba da sauri a cikin tayin da ruwan amniotic. Matsakaicin adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ana lura da kwanaki 2-4 bayan kamuwa da cuta. Kwayoyin da suka kamu da cutar sun fara raguwa a cikin ci gaba.
Hoto na pathogenetic
Cutar sankara na kaji yawanci yana shafar matasa dabbobi kafin kwanakin 30, da kaji a lokacin balaga, kusan watanni 5-6. IBI ita ce kwayar cuta mafi haɗari. Kwanaki biyu bayan mutum ya kamu da cutar, an sami barkewar annoba a cikin garke. Da farko, bronchopneumonia yana shafar kaji, kuma kawai manya. Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta sune:
- wadanda suka kamu da cutar,
- bi da tsuntsu.
Kwayar cutar tana zaune a cikin jikin mara lafiya har zuwa watanni 12, ana yada shi tare da feces, ɓoyewar gamsai, da kuma ƙwai daga mutane marasa lafiya.Yaɗuwar cutar mashako a cikin kaji an fi danganta shi da haɓaka ƙa’idodin tsafta don brood. idan kamuwa da ƙwai masu ƙyanƙyashe suka shiga gidan kaji. Ana gano kwayar cutar a cikin ƙwai kawai kwanaki 2-43 bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Yanayin cutar zai dogara ne akan:
- yawan kajin masu shekaru daban-daban a gona,
- yanayin jikin kaji a lokacin kamuwa da cuta,
- kasancewar wasu cututtuka a cikin tsuntsaye.
Cutar sankarau na kaji ya zama na yau da kullun a gonaki inda ake yawan bullar cutar. Cutar tana faruwa ne kawai akan sabbin gonaki. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 18-20. A cikin kwanaki 3 na farko, lalacewar mucosal ga tsarin numfashi yana faruwa. Bayan mako guda, mucosa epithelium ya zama mai kumbura sosai. A waje, wannan yana bayyana kansa a matsayin yawan fitar da purulent exudate da gamsai.
Daga ranar 12 zuwa ranar 18, yanayin tsuntsu ya inganta dan kadan, mucous epithelium yana ɗaukar siffar da ta gabata. Microflora pathogenic na iya haifar da rikitarwa. Har ila yau, tsarin zai dogara ne akan adadin kwayar cutar da ta shiga jikin tsuntsu.
Cutar cututtuka
Don zaɓar maganin da ya dace, kuna buƙatar iya gane alamun cutar a cikin lokaci. Yana da al’ada don rarrabe manyan guda 3:
- numfashi,
- nephrosonephritis,
- lalacewa ga tsarin haihuwa.
Alamar farko ita ce mafi yawan lokuta da aka fi gani a cikin kaji.Tuni bayan kwana ɗaya, yanayin damuwa, rashin tausayi, rashin ƙarfi, numfashi, yawan rabuwa da gabobin ciki. Girman matasa yana ci kaɗan, ya zama mara aiki, yana ƙoƙarin tarawa kusa da tushen zafi. Kaji mai mako 2 sau da yawa suna da yawan mace-mace saboda shakar laka. Bayan rashin lafiya, jinkirin haɓakawa ko kamawar girma yana gani a yawancin mutane.
A cikin manya, mashako yana tare da lalacewa ga tsarin haihuwa. Bayan mako guda da kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin jiki, an sami raguwa sosai a samar da kwai, wanda ba a dawo da shi ba. Kwancen kaji masu cutar suna ɗauke da ƙwai marasa lahani. Wasu nau’ikan suna haifar da alamu kamar lalacewar koda da ureters. Bronchitis tasowa a cikin wani m nau’i, tare da sako-sako da stools tare da admixture na fitsari, a tawayar jihar, wani numfashi alama ba a fili. Ga tsuntsaye masu girma, siffa mai mahimmanci ita ce rashin haɓaka ovaries da appendages. A yawancin lokuta, hens sun fara yin ƙwai tare da sutura wanda yayi kama da tsarin lemun tsami, sau da yawa tare da laushi, bawo na bakin ciki. A cikin kashi 20% na lokuta, diphtheria yana ɓoye a cikin gwaiduwa. Ana gano lalacewar nama a cikin hanta da koda. Tashoshin fitsari suna cike da fitsari.A cikin nau’i mai rikitarwa na mashako na kaji, ana gano kutsewa da yaduwa a cikin huhu.
Yadda ake gane cuta da kanku
Ana yin ganewar asali ta farko ta bayyanar cututtuka na episodic na waje, alamu da bayanan cututtuka. Matattun kaji suna ɗaukar gogewa daga cikin mucosa epithelium. Ana dafa kayan halitta kafin hazo na manyan guda, kuma ana amfani da ruwa don binciken ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana ba da broth ɗin da aka tattara ga embryos da yawa da matasa 5-6 na kwanaki 10 zuwa 20. Kyakkyawan amsawa zai nuna alamun cutar mashako a cikin rana ɗaya.
Sakamakon ganewar asali yana nuna keɓance wasu cututtuka masu kama da ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su tracheitis, smallpox, pseudo-plague, mycoplasmosis, mura, hemophilia, laryngotracheitis. Binciken maganin jini a cikin ELISA, RNGA, nazarin kwayoyin halitta da nazarin halittu ta amfani da PCR.
Yadda ake warkewa
Bayan cikakken ganewar asali da kuma gano marasa lafiya, likitan dabbobi ya rubuta takamaiman magani tare da magungunan kashe qwari. Tare da mashako mai kamuwa da cuta, duk tsuntsayen da suka kamu da cutar dole ne a ware su daga tsuntsaye masu lafiya. Maganin cutar kaji tare da maganin rigakafi tilan. A cikin hadadden magani, ana amfani da magungunan antiviral.
Ganewa da kuma maganin cutar sankarau a cikin kaji
Kazalika ya kamata a yi maganin kajin da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Zai fi kyau a fitar da dukan jama’a na ɗan lokaci kuma a wanke ɗakin sosai daga tiyo, sa’an nan kuma gudanar da maganin maganin kwari. Idan akwai yawan mace-mace a tsakanin daukacin jama’a, dole ne a kashe sauran mutane. A cikin ciwon sankara na yau da kullun, ana kuma yin kisan gilla na shanu.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ko da tsuntsun da aka yi wa magani har yanzu yana ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta, don haka akwai ɗan ma’ana a kula da tsuntsaye. Zai fi kyau a yi tunanin yadda za a zubar da gawar tsuntsayen da aka yanka ta hanyar rashin jini da kuma ceton dabbobin da suka tsira. Sauran turmi ana welded tare da maganin rigakafi kuma ana aiwatar da maganin rigakafi.
Matakan kariya
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga incubators, inda gurbataccen biomaterial ba zai iya shiga ba. Ba a so a yi amfani da kayan shiryawa daga mutanen da suka riga sun kamu da cutar. Duk tsuntsaye masu lafiya a gonaki inda aka sami barkewar cutar kuma a kusa da su yakamata a yi musu rigakafin. Makonni 2 kafin alurar riga kafi, ana aiwatar da deworming.
Idan aka lura da yanayin kamuwa da cuta a tsakanin matasa dabbobi, yanayin zafi a cikin gidan kaza yana ƙaruwa da digiri biyu kuma yana kawar da cunkoson jama’a. kamar dakin kanta. Gidan ya kamata ya zama dumi kuma ya bushe, tare da samun iska mai kyau. Kowace rana kana buƙatar canza datti, cire duk abubuwan da aka lalata, kuma kada kayi amfani da taki kaza a matsayin taki, amma cire shi.
Ana kara hadaddun bitamin-ma’adinai a cikin abinci, ana amfani da maganin rauni na potassium permanganate don sha. An haramta fitar da nama da kayan kwai daga gonaki marasa aiki. Sau ɗaya a mako, yakamata a kula da gonar gaba ɗaya tare da alkali XNUMX% tare da XNUMX% formalin. Alurar rigakafin kaji yana farawa daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa. Ana nuna maganin alurar riga kafi sau ɗaya a wata. Yana da mahimmanci a bi duk yanayin kuma a hankali zaɓi sashi, in ba haka ba za a iya tsokanar alamun cutar.
Kashi na karshe
Cutar sankara mai kamuwa da kaji, kamar kowace cuta ta hoto, yana da matukar wahala a bi da ita. Cutar ta yadu da sauri a cikin yawan jama’a kuma tana shafar ba kawai matasa dabbobi ba, har ma da tsuntsaye masu girma. Alamar alama a cikin mutane na shekaru daban-daban zai bambanta. Gabaɗaya, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne saboda rashin bin ƙa’idodin tsabta a cikin kaji da kuma keta dokokin tsafta lokacin siyan kayan haɓakawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, kwayar cutar tana cutar da kajin kasa da kwanaki 20.
A cikin yara matasa, alamun numfashi suna ci gaba da ci gaba: mucous membranes na tsarin numfashi, yawan ƙwayar cuta, conjunctivitis, bronchospasm. Galibin yara kanana suna mutuwa daga zubar ruwa a cikin huhu da yawan zubar jini. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna cutar da kaji a lokacin balaga (watanni 5-6). A wannan yanayin, akwai raguwa a cikin ci gaban ovaries da appendages.
A cikin yawancin tsuntsaye masu girma, ana lura da ciwon nephrosonephritis, wanda ke tare da ambaliya na ureters tare da fitsari. Daga cikin alamun, ana lura da zawo tare da cakuda fitsari. Ciwon numfashi tare da lalacewar koda yana da rauni sosai. Duk tsuntsaye suna da yanayin gaba ɗaya wanda ya kara tsanantawa: rauni, ƙananan aiki, rashin ci.
Chicken viral mashako yana da wuyar warkewa. Ko da bayan shan maganin rigakafi, tsuntsu ya kasance mai ɗaukar kwayar cutar na dogon lokaci, saboda haka ya fi dacewa don kawar da duk wakilan marasa lafiya da zubar da gawa ta hanyar rashin jini. Ana sayar da pestles marasa lafiya tare da maganin rigakafi, ana ƙara rukunin bitamin-ma’adinai a cikin abinci, duk abinci da abin sha ana lalata su a kowane lokaci. A lokacin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a cikin gidan kaji, dole ne a kiyaye yanayin yanayi mafi kyau. Ya kamata a canza kwanciya a kullum, a cire najasa a hankali.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta kuma ba su san abin da mashako ke cikin kaji ba, alurar riga kafi na duk dabbobi ya zama dole. Ana yi wa kaji alurar riga kafi daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa. Ana yin maganin rigakafi kowane wata. Dole ne a daidaita abincin tare da isasshen abun ciki na bitamin, ma’adanai da, mafi mahimmanci, calcium. Ya kamata a yi maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta a mako-mako a cikin gonaki don hana yaduwar cututtuka da kamuwa da wasu dabbobi.
