Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na tumatir, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodin kulawa da shuka, ƙididdige lokacin shuka iri. Yi la’akari da lokacin da za a dasa tumatir don tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin bude ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa tumatir don seedlings
Shuka kwanakin iri
Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi tabbatacce lokacin da kuke shuka tumatir tumatir. Kwanakin shuka ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa.
Lokacin zabar adadin da watan shuka iri, ana la’akari da abubuwa da yawa:
- yankin girma,
- rukunin rukunin yanar gizon,
- nau’in tumatir.
Bari mu yi la’akari dalla-dalla yadda duk abin da ke sama ya shafi lokacin shuka iri.
Yankin girma
Yanayin yanayi a yankuna daban-daban na kasarmu sun bambanta sosai. A wasu yankuna, lokacin zafi yana zuwa a makare kuma baya dadewa, saboda haka ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa kafin tsakiyar watan Yuni.
A cikin yankunan kudancin kasar, ana iya shuka tumatir a cikin tsire-tsire, shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Hanyar rashin kulawa ta yi kamari a tsakanin manoma masu tsattsauran ra’ayi da masu lambu. Ana shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen Afrilu, ana samun cikakken girbi a ƙarshen Agusta da farkon Satumba. Tumatir ba tare da tsire-tsire ba sun fi tsayayya da abubuwa daban-daban.
A cikin yankunan kudancin, zaku iya shuka kayan lambu a cikin bude ƙasa daga Mayu 1 ko 2, kuma a ƙarƙashin murfin fim bayan Afrilu 15.
Idan kun shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, haɓaka zai ragu. Hakanan, daskararre bushes sun fi kamuwa da cututtukan tumatir iri-iri. Sabili da haka, ana shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa mai dumi kawai bayan barazanar sanyin bazara ya wuce.
Tawagar rukunin yanar gizon
Tunanin lokacin da za a shuka tumatir don seedlings, kuna buƙatar la’akari da kayan aikin lambun lambun.
Girma tumatir a cikin wani greenhouse
Wasu filayen lambun suna sanye da greenhouse. Saboda haka, ana iya yin shuka da wuri. Greenhouses za a iya yi da daban-daban kayan da kuma sanye take a hanyoyi daban-daban, don haka yana da wuya a nuna ranar shuka. Wasu gine-gine an rufe su da fim, an haɗa su da katako ko karfe. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin su bai fi girma fiye da waje ba, saboda haka zaka iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin su ba a farkon farkon Mayu.
Akwai gine-ginen da aka yi da polycarbonate, wanda ke kare da kyau daga iska mai sanyi. A cikin irin wannan greenhouses, ana shuka tsire-tsire a farkon bazara. Idan kun ba su kayan dumama, ba za a iya haɗa shi da kwanan wata ko wata ba kwata-kwata. Da zaran tsire-tsire a kan windowsill ya ƙarfafa kuma ya kai 25-30 cm tsayi, an dasa shi cikin greenhouse.
Bude filin noma
Lokacin dasa tumatir a cikin bude ƙasa, ya kamata ku yi tsammanin yanayi mai dumi, don haka ya kamata a dasa tumatir tumatir ba a farkon tsakiyar Maris. Idan zai yiwu a samar da seedlings tare da zafin jiki da ake buƙata, ya kamata a shuka su kafin Afrilu 15.
Tumatir iri-iri
Kafin ka fara girma seedlings, kana buƙatar yanke shawara akan nau’in tumatir.
Ultra farkon iri
Zaɓi nau’in da ya dace da ku
Iri-iri-iri-farko na farko suna girma a cikin kwanaki 70-80. Suna girma da haɓaka da sauri fiye da tsakiyar kakar, don haka ana iya shuka canjin su kwanaki da yawa bayan tsaba na tsakiyar kakar. A cikin yankunan kudancin, ana shuka tsaba daga farkon Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuni. A cikin yankunan arewa, ana yin shuka iri a farkon watan Mayu.
Tushen farko
Irin nau’in da suka fara girma suna girma a cikin kwanaki 85-100. A yankunan kudancin, ana shuka iri na tumatir tumatir a ƙarshen Maris. A cikin yankuna tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, ana aiwatar da shuka iri a farkon Afrilu. Bayan dasawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe, an rufe shirye-shiryen dasa shuki da fim. Da zaran lokacin rani mai dumi ya zo, an cire murfin fim.
Farkon tsakiyar
Farkon iri-iri na farko suna girma kwanaki 100-115 bayan fitowar su. A cikin yankuna da yanayi mai dumi, ana shuka tsaba daga Maris zuwa farkon Afrilu. A cikin yankuna da yanayin sanyi, ana shuka tsaba a cikin Afrilu. Ana bada shawarar shuka tsakiyar da farkon iri a arewacin kasar a cikin greenhouses. Ire-iren kiwo na Siberian masu jure sanyi kawai sun dace da buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Tsakar kakar wasa
Iri na tsakiyar kakar girma a cikin kwanaki 115-130. A cikin yankunan kudanci da tsakiya, ya kamata a yi shuka iri a farkon Maris. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a ƙarƙashin murfin fim. A cikin yankunan arewa, ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Marigayi ripening
Late maturing iri dake girma a cikin kwanaki 130. Shuka tsaba, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin yanayin yankin ba, yana faruwa a cikin rabin na biyu na Fabrairu da farkon Maris. Tumatir zabin Siberian sun fi son. Yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a yi gaggawar dasa tumatur tumatur. Idan kun shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa, bai kamata ku yi tsammanin girbi mai kyau ba. Late maturing iri suna girma a cikin greenhouse.
Kula da nau’ikan da ake nomawa a yankin – tumatur da ke samar da daidaito da yawan amfanin ƙasa a baya shima zai yi muni a bana.
Yawan shuka iri
Muna lura da lokacin dasa tumatir ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin da nau’in kayan lambu iri-iri. Yanzu bari muyi magana game da lokacin da za a dasa tumatir, bisa ga ka’idodin yarda da yawa.
Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire masu watanni biyu akan wurin
Janairu shine watan da bai dace ba don shuka iri. Ko da tsire-tsire suna girma a hankali, za su yi girma a lokacin shuka. Yana da kyau a shuka tsaba a cikin watan farko na hunturu, kawai idan kuna shirin tsunkule saman kuma ku dasa shi daban. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen samun tsire-tsire 2 daga iri ɗaya. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire gabaɗaya ba su da amfani sosai kuma suna jure wa cututtuka. Yana da kyau saya high-yi hybrids.
A watan Fabrairu, suna shuka ne kawai idan akwai greenhouse mai zafi a kan mãkirci. A cikin Maris, zaku iya tunanin shuka tsaba. Yana faruwa a kwanakin ƙarshe na wannan watan bazara. Ana shuka tsiron Maris ne a watan Mayu, don haka manoman dake zaune a tsakiya da kudancin kasar nan su shuka irin tumatir a watan Maris.
Janairu da Fabrairu sune watanni mafi rashin dacewa don shuka shuka saboda lokacin hasken rana a wannan lokacin shine awa 7 zuwa 8 kawai kuma tumatir yana buƙatar awa 12 zuwa 14. . Ana buƙatar ƙarin haske na tsire-tsire tare da hasken wucin gadi.
A cikin lokacin daga Fabrairu 20 zuwa Maris 10, ana bada shawarar shuka iri masu tsayi, farkon ripening ba daga baya ba daga Maris, farkon nau’ikan don greenhouses da aka shuka a tsakiyar Fabrairu. Ya kamata a yi shuka da tsaba a cikin kwanaki masu kyau.
Afrilu da Mayu sune watanni mafi kyau don shuka iri. Don tattara farkon girbi, ana shuka tsaba a cikin Afrilu, don samun ƙarshen girbi, ana jinkirta tsarin har zuwa Mayu.
Ana shuka tsire-tsire masu watanni biyu a wuri na dindindin.
Zazzabi da haske
Lokacin girma tumatir, dole ne ku cika buƙatu da yawa da suka shafi yanayin zafi da haske. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin kwanakin farko bayan fitowar, yanayin zafin jiki bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 24 ° C ba.
Idan yawan zafin jiki na iska ya bambanta tsakanin 24-26 ° C, harbe na farko zai bayyana a ranar 6. Yawancin tsaba za su yi girma a cikin kwanaki 8-9. Idan a gida yanayin iska ya bambanta daga 20 ° C zuwa 23 ° C, tsaba za su shuɗe tsakanin kwanaki 10 zuwa 11 bayan shuka. Idan yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin ya kasa 18 ° C, tsire-tsire za su yi girma a cikin tsari na makonni 2-3.
Ko da kuwa ko an shuka tsaba a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, zai zama dole don haskaka kwantena tare da tsire-tsire. Idan ba a yi haka ba, saukarwa za ta yi yawa. Tushen shuka zai kasance bakin ciki.
Kalandar wata
Lokacin zabar ranar shuka tsaba don seedlings, kula da kalandar Lunar. An tabbatar da cewa wata yana shafar dukkan bangarori na rayuwa kuma yana shafar ci gaban tsirrai. Ana siyan kalanda na Lunar (ko kalanda na saukowa) kowace shekara, yana ba da cikakken hoto na kwanakin da ba su da kyau da rashin dacewa don dasa tumatir.
Shawara
- Wani lokaci seedlings girma. Dasa irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa ba a ba da shawarar ba. Hanya mafi kyau ita ce shuka kayan lambu. Idan ya yi latti don girma seedlings, za ka iya gwada girma tumatir a cikin bude ƙasa daga iri. Ana shuka tsaba na tumatir na farko a cikin bude ƙasa daga Maris 1 zuwa Maris 22, dangane da yanayin.
- Lokacin shuka iri, kula da umarnin da aka haɗe zuwa kowane fakitin kayan shuka. A matsayinka na yau da kullum, ana amfani da shi a cikin nau’i na tebur, inda aka nuna kwanakin shuka mai yiwuwa. Waɗannan tebura suna nuna kusan balaga amfanin kayan lambu. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan da la’akari da halayen yanayi na wani yanki, yana da sauƙi don zaɓar nau’in da suka dace da wani yanki na sirri.
- Lokacin dasa shuki shuka a wuri na dindindin ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. A cikin yanki ɗaya a cikin shekaru daban-daban, zafi zai iya zuwa a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. Har ila yau, akwai shekaru marasa kyau lokacin da zafi ya zo ne kawai a watan Mayu ko, alal misali, a watan Fabrairu, don haka, lokacin da za a yanke shawarar lokacin da za a dasa bishiyoyin tumatir da aka girma a wuri na dindindin, ya kamata ku mai da hankali kan hasashen yanayi. Yanayin iska da ƙasa a farkon watan Mayu na iya bambanta sosai. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa lokacin dasawa na seedlings yana warmed har zuwa 10 ° C, kuma zai fi dacewa 15 cm.
Lokacin da kake girma tsiron ku, yakamata ku sami ‘asusun inshora’ koda yaushe idan wani ɓangare na tsiron da aka shuka ya mutu. Idan kun dasa tushen seedling 50 zuwa 60, tsire-tsire inshora yakamata su sami aƙalla guda 10 zuwa 15.
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Ana siyan tsaba a kasuwa, amma tsire-tsire na cikin gida, idan sun girma kuma sun cika dukkan ka’idoji, sun fi waɗanda aka saya a kasuwa. Akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da bayan ɗan lokaci ciyawar da aka saya a kasuwa ta fara bushewa. Har ila yau, ana sayar da nau’o’in yau da kullum a karkashin sunan hybrids a kasuwa.
ƙarshe
Ko da kuwa yadda ake ƙididdige lokacin da ake yin shukar tumatir, ingancin tsire-tsire ya dogara da kulawa mai kyau. Zai fi kyau shuka tsire-tsire a kan windowsill kusa da tagogin kudu – sun fi haske a kowane lokaci na shekara. Bayan saukarwa, ya kamata a rufe kwantena da foil na aluminum. Ana yin wannan don hanzarta aiwatar da fitowar seedling. Bayan fitowar, an cire fim ɗin. Wasu lambu suna shuka tumatir a cikin kwantena na yau da kullun, bayan haka dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire. Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba 1 a cikin kwantena daban.
